CN110380222B - Huygens super-surface unit, transmission array antenna and unit phase control method - Google Patents
Huygens super-surface unit, transmission array antenna and unit phase control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110380222B CN110380222B CN201910521458.4A CN201910521458A CN110380222B CN 110380222 B CN110380222 B CN 110380222B CN 201910521458 A CN201910521458 A CN 201910521458A CN 110380222 B CN110380222 B CN 110380222B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0046—Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
Abstract
The invention discloses a huygens super-surface unit, a transmission array antenna and a unit phase control method. The super surface is composed of a plurality of unit structure arrays, and the unit structures can realize 360-degree transmission phase control by keeping the transmission amplitude higher than-2.5 dB through respectively adjusting the size of an outer ring opening and the length of an embedded metal patch. The invention has an ultrathin single-layer medium structure, does not need to be designed by punching, is easy to process, can be effectively applied to designing devices such as wave beam deflection, transmission array and the like of microwave and terahertz wave bands, and can also be used in the aspects of stealth and imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to a huygens super-surface unit, a transmission array antenna and a unit phase control method.
Background
The metamaterial is composed of artificial sub-wavelength unit structures with periodic or aperiodic arrangement, and has the capability of flexibly controlling electromagnetic waves. The exotic electromagnetic properties of metamaterials enable many interesting tasks such as negative refraction, electromagnetic stealth, and transformation of optical lenses to emerge as if they were bamboo shoots in the spring after rain. The super-surface with the sub-wavelength scattering unit arranged on the two-dimensional surface is a novel planar metamaterial and has strong electromagnetic wave regulation and control capacity comparable to that of the traditional three-dimensional metamaterial. Super-surfaces are generally classified into two types, reflective and transmissive. For a reflective super-surface, a single-layer metal reflective unit structure can be used to easily realize 360-degree reflective phase control while maintaining high reflectivity. However, for transmissive super-surfaces, it is difficult to achieve both high transmittance and 360 ° transmission phase control using a single-layer or double-layer metal structure. As one type of transmissive super-surface, a multi-layered frequency selective surface is often used for transmissive structural application design. However, the multilayer frequency selective surface has been demonstrated by the scholars to have a limitation: on the premise of keeping high transmissivity, the multi-layer frequency selection surface needs at least three layers of metal structures to realize 360-degree transmission phase control, which brings difficulty to the miniaturization and processing of the structure.
The huygens super surface can generate electromagnetic resonance simultaneously due to the fact that the huygens super surface has spatially-changed electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles, has the capacity of randomly regulating and controlling electromagnetic waves, and is greatly concerned by researchers. Generally, there are two methods of constructing a huygens super surface: one is a metal line plus open resonator ring structure. This approach often requires a metal via design; the other is a multi-layer cascade stacked super-surface structure. Most huygens super surfaces are designed in a multi-layer stack. The smaller the number of layers, the thinner the cell structure thickness. However, the transmission type huygens super surface of the microwave and terahertz wave band proposed at present needs at least three layers of metal structures to realize 360 ° transmission phase control on the premise of maintaining high transmittance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a huygens super surface unit, a transmission array antenna and a unit phase control method. The transmission array designed by the Huygens super surface unit can effectively convert incident spherical waves into plane waves and has the advantages of ultrathin high gain. The invention has an ultrathin single-layer medium structure, does not need to be designed by punching, is easy to process, can be effectively applied to designing devices such as wave beam deflection, transmission array and the like of microwave and terahertz wave bands, and can also be used in the aspects of stealth and imaging.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an ultra-thin high transmissivity's huygens super surface unit, includes the medium base plate, is located the upper metal layer of medium base plate upper surface and is located the lower floor metal layer of medium base plate lower surface, and upper metal layer and lower floor metal layer all include opening metal resonance ring, and the inside mosaic of metal resonance ring has the metal paster, and the opening position antisymmetry of opening metal resonance ring of upper metal layer and lower floor metal layer.
Optionally, the huygens super surface unit realizes 360-degree transmission phase control when the transmission amplitude is kept higher than-2.5 dB by adjusting the size of the opening of the resonance ring and the length of the embedded metal patch.
Optionally, the open metal resonance ring and the embedded metal patch form an equivalent LC resonance, where the equivalent inductance L is from the metal resonance ring and the metal patch, and the equivalent capacitance C is from the gap between the open metal resonance ring and the two ends of the metal resonance ring and the embedded metal patch.
Optionally, the surface current directions of the horizontal cross arms of the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are opposite, so that the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer generate equivalent current rings to form strong magnetic dipole resonance; the surface current directions of the metal patches of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are the same, so that strong electric dipole resonance can be reserved at the gap between the metal resonance ring of the upper metal layer and the metal patch of the lower metal layer and the gap between the two ends of the metal patch of the upper metal layer and the metal patch of the lower metal layer.
The invention also provides a transmission phase control method of the ultra-thin high-transmissivity huygens super-surface unit, which is used for respectively adjusting the size of the opening of the metal resonance ring and the length of the embedded metal patch, so that the huygens super-surface unit structure realizes 360-degree transmission phase control by utilizing the huygens principle when the transmission amplitude is kept higher than-2.5 dB.
The invention also provides a super surface of the ultra-thin high-transmissivity huygens super surface unit, the super surface is an m multiplied by n transmission array consisting of a plurality of huygens super surface units, wherein the size of the opening of the metal resonance ring in each huygens super surface unit and the length of the embedded metal patch are different according to requirements.
The invention also provides an ultrathin high-gain transmission array antenna, which comprises a transmission array and a feed source, wherein the feed source is used for providing excitation for the transmission array, the transmission array is of an m multiplied by n array structure consisting of a plurality of huygens super surface units, and in order to convert incident spherical waves into plane waves, the transmission phase corresponding to each huygens super surface unit on the array is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the phase corresponding to the ith cell of the array,
is the phase, R, corresponding to the central element of the arrayithIs the distance between the feed source and the i-th cell, F is the focal length, k0Is the free space wavenumber; after the phase required by each unit on the array is calculated by the formula, the corresponding opening size of the metal resonance ring and the length value of the embedded metal patch are obtained by table lookup.
Further, the aperture surface efficiency of the transmission array antenna is calculated by the following formula:
wherein G is the test gain, Dmax＝4πAp/λ2For maximum directivity, ApIs the physical aperture of the antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the huygens super-surface unit provided by the invention abandons the design mode of the traditional huygens super-surface unit, and skillfully adopts the anti-symmetric opening design of the metal resonant rings of the upper and lower metal layers to enable the units to generate strong magnetic dipole resonance; meanwhile, metal patch structures are embedded in the metal resonance rings of the upper and lower metal layers of the Huygens super surface unit, so that strong electric dipole resonance can be generated. The size of the opening of the metal resonance ring and the length of the embedded metal patch are respectively adjusted, and the Huygens super-surface unit can realize 360-degree transmission phase control while keeping the transmission amplitude higher than-2.5 dB. Compared with the traditional Huygens super surface unit, the Huygens super surface unit provided by the invention is of a single-medium-layer structure, and is beneficial to greatly reducing the thickness and size of the structure and realizing miniaturization of devices.
2. The Huygens super-surface unit provided by the invention abandons the traditional Huygens unit, and compared with the traditional transmission type super-surface unit with similar performance, the transmission type super-surface unit does not need to be subjected to through hole drilling operation in a dielectric plate, is easy to process, and can be effectively applied to design microwave and even terahertz waveband related devices.
3. The invention also discloses a transmission array antenna designed by utilizing the Huygens super-surface unit, which has the advantages of ultrathin, high gain, high caliber efficiency and performance superior to that of the traditional super-surface transmission array antenna of the same type.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Huygens super surface unit proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the electric field amplitude at 13GHz of the upper and lower metal layers of the Huygens super surface unit according to the present invention under the condition of normal incidence of x-polarized incident waves;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the surface current distribution of the upper and lower metal layers of the Wheatstone super-surface unit at 13GHz under the condition of normal incidence of x-polarized incident waves;
FIG. 4 is a simulated transmission phase and amplitude distribution of the Huygens super surface unit proposed by the present invention as e, h changes at 13 GHz;
FIG. 5 is a graph of simulated transmission parameters at points A, B, C, D, E and F of FIG. 4 for a Huygens super surface unit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a transmission array phase distribution and corresponding amplitude distribution designed from the proposed Huygens super-surface element;
FIG. 7 is a simulation model of a transmission array antenna with a feed source of Ku-band standard waveguide and simulation results thereof;
fig. 8 shows a transmission array antenna test model and the result when the feed source is a Ku-band circular corrugated horn.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments in the specification.
The huygens super surface unit provided by the invention is formed by etching metal structures on the upper side and the lower side of a single-layer dielectric plate, and the upper layer metal structure and the lower layer metal structure both adopt a structure that metal patches are embedded in an opening metal resonance ring. Furthermore, the metal resonant rings of the upper metal structure and the lower metal structure of the huygens super surface unit adopt anti-symmetric openings. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a huygens super surface unit according to the present invention. The Whegens super surface unit is a square structure, the side length P is 8mm, the dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4350 plate, and the thickness d is 0.762 mm. The metal resonance ring of the upper and lower metal layers is also in a square structure, the side length L is 7.2mm, and the line width s is 0.4 mm. The line width w of the embedded metal patch of the metal resonance ring of the upper and lower metal layers is 1mm, and the length is h. The sizes of the openings of the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are all e. e. h is the variable to be adjusted.
FIG. 2 shows the amplitude distribution of the electric field at 13GHz between the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer of the Huygens super-surface unit proposed by the present invention under the condition of x-polarized incident waves. It can be seen from the electric field amplitude distribution that due to the introduction of the equivalent LC resonance, strong electric dipole resonance can be generated at the openings of the metal resonance rings of the upper and lower metal layers and at the gaps between the metal outer rings of the upper and lower metal layers and the two ends of the internal metal patch. The equivalent inductor (L) is from the metal resonance ring and the embedded metal patch, and the equivalent capacitor (C) is from the opening of the metal resonance ring and the gap between the two ends of the metal resonance ring and the embedded metal patch.
FIG. 3 shows the surface current distribution at 13GHz of the upper and lower metal layers of the proposed Huygens super-surface unit under the condition of x-polarized incident waves. As can be seen from the figure, the horizontal cross arms (x direction) of the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer have opposite surface current directions, which means that although the equivalent electric dipoles introduced by the upper metal resonance ring and the lower metal resonance ring have opposite electric dipole moment directions (x direction), a cancellation effect is generated, but this causes an equivalent current ring, namely, a strong magnetic dipole resonance (y direction), to be generated between the horizontal cross arms of the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer. Meanwhile, the surface current directions of the internal metal patches of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are the same, which means that equivalent electric dipoles introduced into gaps between the metal resonance ring and the two ends of the internal metal patch by the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer have the same electric dipole moment direction, and have a reinforcing effect with each other, so that the huygens super-surface unit can keep strong electric dipole resonance at the intervals between the metal resonance ring of the upper metal layer and the two ends of the lower metal layer and the two ends of the metal patch.
To say that the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer of the huygens super-surface unit adopt anti-symmetric openings, so that strong magnetic dipole resonance is easily generated; meanwhile, metal patch structures are embedded in the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer of the huygens super surface unit, so that the metal resonance rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are easy to generate strong electric dipole resonance with the embedded metal patches respectively. The opening size and the metal patch length of the metal resonance ring of the upper metal layer and the metal resonance ring of the lower metal layer are respectively adjusted, the adjustment steps of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are kept consistent (according to the introduction, the opening e size of the metal resonance ring of the upper metal layer and the metal resonance ring of the lower metal layer are mainly adjusted to carry out magnetic resonance modulation, and the metal patch length h size of the upper metal layer and the metal patch length of the lower metal layer are mainly adjusted to carry out electric resonance modulation), and the huygens super-surface unit can realize 360-degree transmission phase control by keeping the transmission amplitude higher than-2.5 dB by utilizing the huygens principle. Fig. 4 shows the simulated transmission phase and transmission amplitude distribution of the huygens super surface unit at 13GHz when e and h are changed. The region of the phase profile corresponding to transmission amplitudes above-2.5 dB is marked by a black dashed box. It can be seen that by adjusting the magnitudes of e and h, the huygens super surface unit can achieve 360 ° transmission phase control while maintaining the transmission amplitude higher than-2.5 dB. Here, the minimum adjustment range of e is 0 to 2mm, and the adjustment range of h is 0 to 6.4 mm.
Due to the size characteristics of the Huygens unit, the adjustable range of e is 0-6.4mm, the minimum adjusting range of e means that when h and e are adjusted simultaneously to carry out 360-degree transmission phase control, the adjusting range of h needs to be 0-6.4mm, meanwhile, the e can realize 360-degree transmission phase control only by adjusting within the range of 0-2mm, the adjusting range of e is called as the minimum adjusting range, and the range of 0-6.4mm of the value of e is the phase modulation range of the invention.
To better demonstrate the huygens super-surface element characteristics, fig. 5 shows the S-parameter curve corresponding to the corresponding point in fig. 4. As can be seen from the curves in the figure, strong resonance can make the corresponding phase curve steep and the huygens super surface unit can obtain larger phase change while maintaining high transmittance.
In general, the Huygens super surface can be electrically induced by its surface (Y)es) And surface magnetic impedance (Z)ms) To characterize. Normalizing surface electrical admittance (Y) based on microwave theory and equivalence principleesη0) Normalized surface magnetic impedance (Z)ms/η0) And a transmission coefficient (T) and a reflection coefficient (R) have the following relationship:
wherein eta is0Is the free space wave impedance, YesIs surface electrical admittance, ZmsIs surface magnetic impedance. When the normalized electrical admittance and the normalized magnetic impedance are equal, the reflection coefficient is 0. To validate the huygens super-surface element, normalized surface electrical admittance and normalized surface magnetic impedance at 13GHz at point A, B, E and F were calculated by equations (1) and (2) and tabulated as follows:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the real parts of the normalized surface electrical admittance and normalized surface magnetic impedance of the listed points both tend to zero, meaning that the intrinsic loss of the huygens super surface unit is very small. Meanwhile, the transmittance at points a and B is low and the transmittance at points E and F is high, which corresponds to the case where the difference between the normalized surface electrical admittance at points a and B and the imaginary part of the normalized surface magnetic impedance is large and the normalized surface electrical admittance at points E and F and the imaginary part of the normalized surface magnetic impedance are nearly equal. This illustrates that the huygens super-surface element conforms to huygens theory: when the normalized electrical admittance and the normalized magnetic impedance are equal, the reflection coefficient is 0. Table 2 shows some specific parameter values that the huygens super surface unit can achieve 360 ° transmission phase control while maintaining the high transmittance (-2.5dB) standard:
TABLE 2
Based on the huygens super-surface unit, the invention also provides an ultrathin high-transmissivity huygens super-surface, wherein the huygens super-surface is an m multiplied by n transmission array consisting of a plurality of huygens super-surface units, and the size of the opening of the metal resonance ring in each huygens super-surface unit and the length of the embedded metal patch are different according to requirements. When the transmission array is excited by a feed source (generally a standard waveguide or a circular corrugated horn), the transmission array can be used as an ultrathin high-gain transmission array antenna. In this embodiment, a circular corrugated horn feed is taken as an example for explanation, and in order to convert a spherical wave emitted from a feed source into a plane wave, a transmission phase corresponding to each huygens super surface unit on a transmission array can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the phase corresponding to the ith cell of the array,
is the phase corresponding to the central unit of the array, F is the focal length, RithIs the distance between the feed source and the i-th cell, k0Is the free space wavenumber. When the phase required by each unit on the array is calculated by the formula (3), the corresponding e, h value can be obtained by table 2. The total number of the transmission array provided by the invention is 41 × 41 units, fig. 6 shows the final transmission phase and the amplitude distribution of the transmission array after the phase calculation and the selection of the corresponding huygens super-surface unit from table 2, and the transmission amplitudes of the huygens super-surface unit selected by the transmission array are all larger than-2.5 dB.
Fig. 7 shows a simulation model when the feed source is a Ku-band standard waveguide, and a simulated two-dimensional far-field directional diagram at 13 GHz. FIG. 7 (a)1) The feed source is a simulation model when the Ku waveband standard waveguide is adopted, and under the model, the transmission array antenna consists of the transmission array provided by the invention and the Ku waveband standard waveguide feed source. FIG. 7 (a)2)、7(b1) A two-dimensional far-field directional diagram of an E surface and an H surface of a transmission array antenna and a Ku waveband standard waveguide feed source under the model is provided, and the simulation gain of the transmission array antenna is 22.5dB and is 16dB higher than that of the Ku waveband standard waveguide feed source. Under the simulation model, the total efficiency (total efficiency) of the transmission array antenna in the range of 12.7GHz to 13.3GHz is more than 93%, and the reflection coefficient is lower than-11.8 dB, as shown in FIG. 7 (b)2) As shown. FIG. 8 (a)2) The test result of the model is also provided, and the goodness of fit with the simulation result is higher.
In order to keep the same feed source condition as the traditional same type of transmission array antenna and better show the excellent performance of the transmission array provided by the invention, the feed source is changed into a Ku wave band circular corrugated horn, and other test conditions are kept unchanged, as shown in FIG. 8 (a)1) As shown. FIG. 8 (a)2)、8(b1) And 8 (b)2) And obtaining a two-dimensional E-plane far-field pattern test result. As shown in FIG. 8 (a)2) As shown, when the circular corrugated horn is used as a feed source, the gain of the transmission array antenna tested at 13GHz is 31.9dB, which is 11.5dB higher than that of the original feed source circular corrugated horn, and the cross polarization in the main beam direction is lower than-30.6 dB. FIG. 8 (b)1) Normalized E-plane two-dimensional far-field patterns of the transmission array antenna tested at 13GHz, 12.81GHz and 13.2GHz are given. As shown in FIG. 8 (b)1) And 8 (b)2) As shown, the 3-dB gain bandwidth of the transmission array antenna under the model is 0.39GHz (3%), and the side lobe is lower than-16 dB. According to the antenna theory, the aperture surface efficiency of the transmission array antenna can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein G is the test gain, Dmax＝4πAp/λ2For maximum directivity, ApIs the physical aperture of the antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength. The aperture surface efficiency of the transmission array antenna provided by the invention is calculated to be 61.04 percentAnd the performance index is superior to that of the traditional transmission array antenna of the same type.
The invention discloses an ultrathin Huygens super-surface unit with high transmissivity and 360-degree phase control, a super-surface, a transmission array antenna and a transmission phase control method. The Huygens super-surface unit comprises a medium substrate layer and metal layers respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate. The upper and lower metal layers are all of a structure with metal patches embedded in the opening metal resonance ring, and the opening positions of the metal resonance ring of the upper and lower metal layers are asymmetrical. By using the anti-symmetric opening of the metal resonance ring of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer and the embedded metal patch structure, the Huygens super surface unit can generate strong magnetic dipole resonance and strong electric dipole resonance at the same time. By respectively adjusting the opening size of the metal resonance ring of the upper metal layer and the metal resonance ring of the lower metal layer and the length of the embedded metal patch, the Huygens super-surface unit can realize 360-degree transmission phase control while keeping the transmission amplitude higher than-2.5 dB, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate of the Huygens super-surface unit is only 0.033 working wavelength. The transmission array designed by the Huygens super-surface unit can form a transmission array antenna when a circular corrugated horn feeds power, and the transmission array antenna has the characteristics of high aperture surface efficiency (61.04%), low side lobe (-16dB), low cross polarization level (-30.6dB) and the like. The invention has an ultrathin single-layer medium structure, does not need to be designed by punching, is easy to process, can be effectively applied to designing devices such as wave beam deflection, transmission array and the like of microwave and terahertz wave bands, and can also be used in the aspects of stealth and imaging.
Claims (4)
1. An ultrathin high-transmittance Huygens super-surface unit is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, an upper metal layer and a lower metal layer, wherein the upper metal layer is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the lower metal layer is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer respectively comprise an open metal resonance square ring, a metal patch is embedded in the metal resonance square ring, the open metal resonance square ring of the upper metal layer and the open metal resonance square ring of the lower metal layer are in inverse symmetry in open position, and the projections of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer in the vertical direction are overlapped;
the open metal resonance square ring and the embedded metal patch form equivalent LC resonance, wherein equivalent inductance L comes from the metal resonance square ring and the metal patch, and equivalent capacitance C comes from the opening of the metal resonance square ring and a gap between the metal resonance square ring and the two ends of the embedded metal patch;
the surface current directions of the horizontal cross arms of the metal resonance square rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are opposite, so that the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer generate equivalent current rings to form strong magnetic dipole resonance; the surface current directions of the metal patches of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are the same, so that strong electric dipole resonance can be reserved at the gap between the metal resonance square rings of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer and the two ends of the metal patches of the huygens super surface unit;
by adjusting the opening size of the resonance ring and the length of the embedded metal patch, the huygens super-surface unit realizes 360-degree transmission phase control when the transmission amplitude is kept higher than-2.5 dB.
2. The transmission phase control method of the ultra-thin high-transmittance huygens super-surface unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the metal resonance square ring opening and the length of the embedded metal patch are respectively adjusted, so that the huygens super-surface unit structure can realize 360 ° transmission phase control by using huygens principle while maintaining the transmission amplitude higher than-2.5 dB.
3. The super-surface of the ultra-thin high-transmittance huygens super-surface unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the super-surface is a m x n transmissive array composed of several huygens super-surface units, and the size of the metal resonant square ring opening and the length of the embedded metal patch in each huygens super-surface unit are different according to the requirement.
4. An ultra-thin high gain transmissive array antenna comprising a transmissive array and a feed for providing excitation to the transmissive array, the transmissive array having an mxn array structure consisting of a plurality of the huygens super surface elements of claim 1, wherein for converting an incident spherical wave to a plane wave, the transmission phase corresponding to each huygens super surface element of the array is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the phase corresponding to the ith cell of the array,
is the phase, R, corresponding to the central element of the arrayithIs the distance between the feed source and the i-th cell, F is the focal length, k0Is the free space wavenumber; after the phase required by each unit on the array is calculated by the formula, the corresponding size of the opening of the metal resonance square ring and the length value of the embedded metal patch are obtained by table lookup;
the aperture surface efficiency of the transmission array antenna is calculated by the following formula:
wherein G is the test gain, Dmax＝4πAp/λ2For maximum directivity, ApIs the physical aperture of the antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength.
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