CN110943303B - Array lens, lens antenna, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents
Array lens, lens antenna, and electronic apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110943303B CN110943303B CN201911040156.1A CN201911040156A CN110943303B CN 110943303 B CN110943303 B CN 110943303B CN 201911040156 A CN201911040156 A CN 201911040156A CN 110943303 B CN110943303 B CN 110943303B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
Abstract
The application relates to an array lens, a lens antenna and an electronic device, wherein the array lens comprises at least one dielectric layer; the array structure comprises at least two layers of array structures, wherein the dielectric layers and the array structures are alternately stacked along a first direction; each layer of array structure comprises at least two hollowed-out grooves arranged in an array mode, an open ring piece is arranged in each hollowed-out groove, and at least two open ring pieces, located at the same relative position, of the at least two layers of array structures are coaxially arranged in the first direction; in the same array structure, at least two of the opening ring sheets have gradually-changed opening sizes in the array direction, so that phase distribution of different frequency bands can be compensated, electromagnetic waves can be converged, a focal plane of the array lens can be kept unchanged in a wider frequency range, the amplitude reduction of the gain of a partial focal beam is greatly reduced, the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved, and the coverage range is large.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to an array lens, a lens antenna, and an electronic device.
Background
A lens antenna, an antenna capable of converting a spherical wave or a cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave by an electromagnetic wave to obtain a pencil-shaped, fan-shaped, or other shaped beam. By properly designing the surface shape and refractive index of the lens, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave is adjusted to obtain a planar wavefront on the radiation aperture. A typical lens antenna usually has a limited scanning angle, which is not favorable for covering a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an array lens, a lens antenna and an electronic device, which can greatly reduce the amplitude reduction of the gain of a focusing beam, improve the scanning angle of the lens antenna and have a large coverage area.
An array lens, comprising:
at least one dielectric layer;
the array structure comprises at least two layers of array structures, wherein the dielectric layers and the array structures are alternately stacked along a first direction; each layer of array structure comprises at least two hollowed-out grooves arranged in an array mode, an open ring piece is arranged in each hollowed-out groove, and at least two open ring pieces, located at the same relative position, of the at least two layers of array structures are coaxially arranged in the first direction;
in the same array structure, at least two of the open ring pieces have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction.
In addition, a lens antenna is also provided, and the lens antenna comprises the array lens and a feed source array arranged in parallel with the array lens.
In addition, an electronic device is also provided, and the electronic device comprises the lens antenna.
The array lens, the lens antenna and the electronic equipment comprise at least one dielectric layer; the array structure comprises at least two layers of array structures, wherein the dielectric layers and the array structures are alternately stacked along a first direction; each layer of array structure comprises at least two hollowed-out grooves arranged in an array mode, an open ring piece is arranged in each hollowed-out groove, and at least two open ring pieces, located at the same relative position, of at least two layers of array structures are coaxially arranged in the first direction; in the same array structure, at least two of the opening ring sheets have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction, so that phase distribution of different frequency bands can be compensated, electromagnetic waves can be converged, a focal plane of the array lens can be kept unchanged in a wider frequency range, the amplitude of reduction of gain of a deflection focal beam is greatly reduced, and the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative work.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array lens;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a lens antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a lens antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a beam scanning pattern in one embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device including a lens antenna in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "attached" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
In one embodiment, the electronic Device may be a communication module including a Mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a Mobile Internet Device (MID), a wearable Device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), or other configurable array antenna Device.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, an electronic device 10 may include a housing assembly 110, a midplane 120, a display screen assembly 130, and a controller. The display screen assembly 130 is fixed to the housing assembly 110, and forms an external structure of the electronic device together with the housing assembly 110. The housing assembly 110 may include a middle frame 111 and a rear cover 113. The middle frame 111 may be a frame structure having a through hole. The middle frame 111 can be accommodated in an accommodating space formed by the display screen assembly and the rear cover 113. The rear cover 113 is used to form an outer contour of the electronic apparatus. The rear cover 113 may be integrally formed. In the molding process of the rear cover 113, structures such as a rear camera hole, a fingerprint recognition module, an antenna device mounting hole, etc. may be formed on the rear cover 113. The rear cover 113 may be a non-metal rear cover 113, for example, the rear cover 113 may be a plastic rear cover 113, a ceramic rear cover 113, a 3D glass rear cover 113, or the like. The middle plate 120 is fixed inside the housing assembly, and the middle plate 120 may be a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) or an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit). An antenna module for transmitting and receiving millimeter wave signals may be integrated with the midplane 120, and a controller capable of controlling operations of electronic devices may be integrated therewith. The display screen component can be used for displaying pictures or fonts and can provide an operation interface for a user.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides an array lens. In one embodiment, the array lens includes at least two layers of array structures 210 and at least one dielectric layer 220, and the dielectric layers 220 and the array structures 210 are alternately stacked along a first direction. For example, the first layer to the third layer of the array lens along the first direction may include a layer array structure 210, a dielectric layer 220, and a layer array structure 210 in sequence.
In one embodiment, the array lens includes top and bottom layers disposed opposite one another. When the array lens includes multiple layers, i.e., a dielectric layer 220 and multiple layers of array structures 210, the top layer of the array lens may be the array structure 210 or the dielectric layer 220, and the bottom layer of the array lens may also be the array structure 210 or the dielectric layer 220, for example, the first layer to the mth layer of the array lens along the first direction may be the array structure 210, the dielectric layer 220, the array structures 210, …, and the array structure 210 in sequence. In the embodiment of the present application, the specific layer structure of the top layer and the bottom layer of the array lens 210 is not further limited.
The first direction may be a longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction) of the array lens, and may be a stacking direction of the array lens.
The dielectric layer 220 is a non-metal functional layer capable of supporting and fixing the array structure 210, and the dielectric layer 220 and the array structure 210 are alternately stacked, so that the interval distribution of the multi-layer array structure 210 can be realized, and the multi-layer array structure and the array structure 210 can jointly form a phase delay unit. Alternatively, when the thicknesses of the plurality of dielectric layers 220 in the first direction are equal, the plurality of array structures 210 are distributed at equal intervals.
In one embodiment, the dielectric layer 220 is made of an electrically insulating material, which does not interfere with the electric field of the electromagnetic wave. For example, the material of the dielectric layer 220 may be a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) material, an ARM composite material, which is generally a composite of silica gel, PET, and other specially processed materials. Optionally, each dielectric layer 220 is the same, e.g., thickness, material, etc.
The array structure 210 is a conductive functional layer capable of transmitting electromagnetic waves, and the multi-layer array structure 210 and the multi-layer dielectric layer 220 form an array lens having phase delay or realizing convergence of electromagnetic waves, and can emit incident electromagnetic waves in parallel or converge incident electromagnetic waves in parallel to a focus.
The material of the array structure 210 may be a conductive material, such as a metal material, an alloy material, a conductive silicon material, a graphite material, etc., and the material of the open ring plate 212 may also be a material with a high dielectric constant, such as glass, plastic, ceramic, etc. with a high dielectric constant.
The plane of the array structure 210 is a plane formed by an X-axis and a Y-axis, wherein the X-axis is a second direction and the Y-axis is a third direction. Each layer of the array structure 210 includes at least two hollow-out grooves 211 arranged in an array, and each hollow-out groove 211 is provided with an open ring piece 212.
In one embodiment, the open ring piece 212 located in the hollow groove 211 is coaxially disposed with the hollow groove 211, that is, the center of the hollow groove 211 is coaxially disposed with the center of the open ring piece 212. The center of the hollow-out groove 211 can be understood as the centroid of the hollow-out groove 211, and the center of the open ring piece 212 can be understood as the centroid of the open ring piece 212.
In one embodiment, the hollow-out groove 211 formed in the array structure 210 penetrates through the array structure 210, that is, the hollow-out groove 211 can be understood as a through hole formed in the array structure 210, wherein the open ring piece 212 is attached to the dielectric layer 220.
In an embodiment, the hollow groove 211 may be a circular hollow groove or a square hollow groove, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the specific shape of the hollow groove 211 is not further limited.
In one embodiment, the open ring sheet 212122 may be a circular open ring sheet 212.
In one embodiment, the at least two hollow-out grooves 211 included in each layer of the array structure 210 may be in a two-dimensional array, i.e., the at least two open ring pieces 212 located in the at least two hollow-out grooves 211 are also in a two-dimensional array.
In one embodiment, the material of the open ring plate 212 may be a conductive material, such as a metal material, an alloy material, a conductive silicone material, a graphite material, or the like, and the material of the open ring plate 212 may also be a material with a high dielectric constant, such as glass, plastic, ceramic, or the like with a high dielectric constant.
In one embodiment, each layer of the array structure 210 may be identical. For example, the shape, number, opening size gradient, array pattern, thickness, material, etc. of the open ring pieces 212 in the array structure 210.
At least two of the open ring pieces 212 of the at least two layers of array structures 210 located at the same relative position are coaxially arranged in the first direction. That is, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 located at the same relative position in the multi-layer array structure 210 are all located on the same axis. The axis is a straight line passing through any of the split ring pieces 212 and parallel to the first direction (Z-axis direction). Further, the number of axes is equal to the number of open ring pieces 212 in the same layer of array structure 210, and each axis passes through the centroid of the open ring piece 212. The centroid can be understood as the center of the geometry of the open ring plate 212, if the geometry of the open ring plate 212 is rectangular, the centroid is the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle, if the geometry of the open ring plate 212 is circular, the centroid is the center of the circle.
In the present application, the plane of each layer of the array structure 210 may construct the same rectangular coordinate system, and the origin of the rectangular coordinate system may be at the center of the array, the edge of the array, or any other point of the array structure 210. The position of each open ring piece 212 in the rectangular coordinate system can be represented by coordinates (x, y). The coordinates of at least two open ring pieces 212 in the multi-layer array structure 210 at the same relative position are the same. That is, the same coordinates are the same relative position.
In the present application, the array sequence numbers are set according to the same rule for at least two open ring pieces 212 in the array structure 210 of each layer, and the at least two open ring pieces 212 are sorted according to the array sequence numbers. For example, the first layer array structure 210 includes one open ring piece 212, the second layer array structure 210 includes three open ring pieces 212, and the sequence number of the first layer array structure 210 is 2 in a case that one of the first layer array structures 210 is arranged in the center. That is, the array numbers of at least two of the open ring pieces 212 located at the same relative position in the multi-layer array structure 210 are the same.
In the same array structure 210, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction. In the present embodiment, the opening size may include an opening angle and an opening direction. For example, the opening of each opening ring piece 212 includes two end points, which are respectively denoted as A, B, and the center of each opening ring piece 212 is denoted as O, the opening angle thereof can be understood as an angle of ≦ AOB, that is, the central angle of the circular arc corresponding to the opening, and the opening direction can be understood as the orientation of ≦ AOB. For example, a coordinate system can be established on the plane of the array structure 210, and the orientation of ═ AOB can be represented by the coordinate system. At least two open ring pieces 212 have a gradually changing opening angle in the array direction, and the opening angle is gradually changed, and the two end points A, B at the opening of the open ring pieces 212 simultaneously move along the arc of the open ring pieces 212 in opposite directions (as shown by the arrow direction in fig. 3), and the moving amount is the same.
In the array lens, in the same array structure 210, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction, and when electromagnetic waves enter the array lens along the first direction, the array lens can compensate phase distribution of different frequency bands and converge the electromagnetic waves, so that a focal plane of the array lens is kept unchanged in a wider frequency range, the amplitude of gain reduction of a partial focal beam is greatly reduced, and the scanning angle of a lens antenna is greatly improved.
The lens antenna can realize the transceiving of 5G millimeter waves, wherein the millimeter waves refer to electromagnetic waves with the wavelength of millimeter order, and the frequency of the electromagnetic waves is about 20 GHz-300 GHz. The 3GP has specified a list of frequency bands supported by 5G NR, the 5G NR spectral range can reach 100GHz, and two frequency ranges are specified: frequency range 1 (FR1), i.e. the sub-6 GHz band, and Frequency range 2(FR2), i.e. the millimeter wave band. Frequency range of Frequency range 1: 450MHz-6.0GHz, with a maximum channel bandwidth of 100 MHz. The Frequency range of the Frequency range 2 is 24.25GHz-52.6GHz, and the maximum channel bandwidth is 400 MHz. The near 11GHz spectrum for a 5G moving broadband comprises: 3.85GHz licensed spectrum, for example: 28GHz (24.25-29.5GHz), 37GHz (37.0-38.6GHz), 39GHz (38.6-40GHz) and 14GHz unlicensed spectrum (57-71 GHz). The working frequency bands of the 5G communication system comprise three frequency bands of 28GHz, 39GHz and 60 GHz.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-5, at least two of the hollow-out grooves 211 in each layer of the array structure 210 are in a two-dimensional array, for example, in a two-dimensional array of N × M (5 × 7), that is, the hollow-out grooves 211 include N rows and M columns (5 rows and 7 columns). Wherein, an opening ring piece 212 is arranged in each hollow-out groove 211. That is, at least two open ring sheets 212 in each layer of the array structure 210 are also in a two-dimensional array.
As shown in fig. 3, the hollow-out grooves 211 in each layer of the array structure 210 are circular, the open ring pieces 212 in the hollow-out grooves 211 are circular open ring pieces 212, and the circular open ring pieces 212 are concentric with the circular hollow-out grooves 211.
As shown in fig. 4, the hollow-out grooves 211 in each layer of the array structure 210 are square hollow-out grooves 211, the open ring pieces 212 in the hollow-out grooves 211 are circular open ring pieces 212, and the circular open ring pieces 212 are coaxial with the square hollow-out grooves 211.
Alternatively, the open ring segments 212 may also be polygonal open ring segments 212, such as hexagonal, octagonal, dodecagonal, or other polygonal ring segments. In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the opening ring piece 212 and the shape of the hollow groove 211 are further limited, and may be combined arbitrarily.
In one embodiment, the array direction of the two-dimensional array includes a row direction and a column direction, and at least two of the open ring pieces 212 in the same array structure 210 have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction.
Specifically, in the same array structure 210, the opening sizes of at least two open ring pieces 212 in the row direction symmetrically increase from the first central line of the two-dimensional array to the edge of the array, and the opening sizes of at least two open ring pieces 212 in the column direction are the same. It is understood that, in the row direction, the opening angles of the at least two open ring sheets 212 in each row of each layer array structure 210 symmetrically increase from the first center line of the two-dimensional array to the edge of the array, and the opening angles of the at least two open ring sheets 212 in each column are the same. Wherein the two-dimensional array comprises a first centre line s1 and a second centre line s2, wherein the direction of the first centre line s1 is the same as the column direction and the direction of the second centre line s2 is the same as the row direction. Wherein the open ring pieces 212 in each layer of array structures 210 are symmetrically disposed about the first centerline s1 and symmetrically disposed about the second centerline s 2.
In one embodiment, the opening angle of each open ring piece 212 in the same array structure 210 is less than or equal to 180 degrees, and the opening direction of each open ring piece 212 is the same as the opening direction of at least two open ring pieces 212 located at the first central line. The opening angles of at least two opening ring pieces 212 positioned on the first central line of the two-dimensional array are minimum and equal, and the opening directions are the same. For example, the open ring segments 212 in the array structure 210 are in a two-dimensional array of 5 × 7 (five rows and seven columns), wherein the open ring segments 212 in the fourth column are located on the first centerline and the open ring segments 212 in the third column are located on the second centerline. The opening angles of the fourth row of opening ring pieces 212 are all theta 1, the opening angles of the third row of opening ring pieces 212 and the fifth row of opening ring pieces 212 are all theta 2, the opening angles of the second row of opening ring pieces 212 and the sixth row of opening ring pieces 212 are all theta 3, and the opening angles of the first row of opening ring pieces 212 and the seventh row of opening ring pieces 212 are all theta 4. Wherein theta 1< theta 2< theta 3< theta 4 < theta > is less than or equal to 180 degrees.
The difference (δ 1, δ 2, δ 3) between the opening angles (θ 1, θ 2, θ 3, θ 4) of two adjacent openings may be equal (e.g., 15 °, 30 °, etc.), may be an arithmetic difference sequence, an geometric ratio sequence, or a random number, and in the embodiment of the present application, is not limited further.
In the embodiment of the present application, the opening angle and the opening direction of at least two opening ring pieces 212 located on the first center line are not further limited.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the opening angle of each split ring plate 212 in the same array structure 210 is less than or equal to 180 degrees, and the opening direction of at least one split ring plate 212 is different from the opening direction of at least two split ring plates 212 located on the first center line. Wherein, the opening angles of at least two opening ring pieces 212 positioned on the first central line of the two-dimensional array are the smallest and equal, and the opening directions are the same.
For example, the open ring segments 212 in the array structure 210 are in a two-dimensional array of 5 × 11 (five rows and eleven columns), wherein the open ring segments 212 in the sixth column are located on the first center line, and the open ring segments 212 in the third row are located on the second center line. The opening angles of the sixth row of open ring pieces 212 are all theta 1, and the opening angles of the open ring pieces 212 in the seventh row to the eleventh row (or the fifth row to the first row) can be respectively recorded as theta 2, theta 3, theta 4, theta 5 and theta 6. In the row direction, the opening angle of each opening ring piece 212 in each row has a gradual change rule, which may have a gradual change rule gradually increasing from the first central line to two sides, and if the opening angle of any opening ring piece 212 is greater than 180 °, the opening ring piece 212 is replaced with a first preset opening ring piece 212. For example, when θ 4 is less than or equal to 180 °, if θ 5 continues to gradually change according to the gradual change rule and may be greater than 180 °, the open ring piece 212 in the tenth column is replaced with the first preset open ring piece 212. The open ring piece 212 located on the first center line can be vertically turned to form the first predetermined open ring piece 212. That is, the preset open ring piece 212 has the same opening angle as the open ring piece 212 located at the center of the array, and the opening direction is vertically reversed. The opening angles of the remaining open ring pieces 212 (for example, the open ring pieces 212 in the eleventh column) in the array direction still have the gradual change rule on the basis of the first preset open ring piece 212, and the opening angles satisfy θ 1 ═ θ 5 ═ θ 2 ═ θ 6 ═ θ 3< θ 4. When the opening angles of the remaining open ring pieces 212 are changed according to the gradual change rule, and the opening angles are larger than 180 degrees again, the corresponding open ring pieces 212 can be replaced again to be replaced by second preset open ring pieces 212, wherein the second preset open ring pieces 212 are the open ring pieces 212 located in the center of the array. By repeating the above steps, the opening direction can be changed during the gradual change of the opening angle, so as to obtain a larger phase shift range.
In one embodiment, the hollow-out grooves 211 in the array structure 210 are all disposed independently of each other, and in the array direction, the center distances of two adjacent hollow-out grooves 211 are equal. Specifically, in the row direction, the first center distances p1 of two adjacent hollow-out grooves 211 are equal; in the column direction, the second center distances p2 of two adjacent hollow-out grooves 211 are equal. Wherein the first center distance p1 is equal to the second center distance p 2.
In the embodiment of the present application, the operating frequency band of the array lens may be adjusted by selecting a suitable first center distance p1, a suitable second center distance p2, an opening angle (e.g., the smaller the opening angle, the larger the phase shift) and an opening direction of the opening ring plate 212, for example, by designing a suitable size, the operating frequency band of the array lens may be maintained at a 5G millimeter wave frequency band, and the like.
When the array lens is applied to a lens antenna comprising a feed source array, the array structure 210 and the dielectric layer 220 in the array lens jointly form a phase delay unit, and when at least two open ring pieces 212 in the same array structure 210 have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction, a certain phase shift is generated, and the phase shift is positively correlated with the opening size. Wherein, the phase shift amount of each column of the split ring plate 212 can satisfy phi (x) ═ pi x2And/λ f. Wherein x is the distance between the center of the open ring piece 212 and the first center line s1, λ is the design frequency point, and f is the distance between the array lens and the feed source array.
The lens with symmetrical translation can be realized through the phase shift distribution, namely the phase shift distribution of different frequency bands can be compensated, so that electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source array far away from the focus can be better converged in the row direction (X-axis direction) of the array lens, the amplitude reduction of the gain of a partial focus beam is greatly reduced, and the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, at least two of the hollow-out grooves 211 in each layer of the array structure 210 are in a two-dimensional array, for example, the two-dimensional array may be in a two-dimensional array of N × M (5 × 7), that is, the hollow-out grooves 211 include N rows and M columns (5 rows and 7 columns). Wherein, an opening ring piece 212 is arranged in each hollow-out groove 211. The array direction of the two-dimensional array includes a row direction and a column direction, in the same array structure 210, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have a gradually changing opening size and a gradually changing ring width size in the row direction, and the opening size and the ring width size of at least two of the open ring pieces 212 in the column direction are the same.
In one embodiment, the hollow-out grooves 211 in each layer of the array structure 210 are circular, the open ring pieces 212 in the hollow-out grooves 211 are circular open ring pieces 212, and the circular open ring pieces 212 are coaxial with the circular hollow-out grooves 211. The loop width dimension may be understood as the loop width of the open loop sheet 212. Specifically, in the same array structure 210, the loop width dimension of at least two of the open loop pieces 212 decreases symmetrically in the row direction from the first center line s1 of the two-dimensional array to the array edge. For example, the loop width dimension of each open loop piece 212 in the fourth column is w, the loop width dimension of each open loop piece 212 in the third and fifth columns is w1, the loop width dimension of each open loop piece 212 in the second and sixth columns is w2, and the loop width dimension of each open loop piece 212 in the first and seventh columns is w3, wherein w > w1> w2> w 3. The array lens can compensate the phase distribution of different frequency bands, and meanwhile, the convergence effect of electromagnetic wave beams in the X-axis direction can be realized, the bandwidth of the lens antenna is improved, and the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved.
Optionally, in the same array structure 210, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have gradually changed opening sizes in the row direction, and at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have the same opening size in the column direction and have gradually changed ring width sizes. The array lens can compensate phase distribution of different frequency bands, and meanwhile, the convergence effect of electromagnetic wave beams in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be realized, so that the bandwidth of the lens antenna is improved, and the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved.
In one embodiment, at least two of the hollow-out grooves 211 in each layer of the array structure 210 are in a two-dimensional array, for example, the two-dimensional array may be in a two-dimensional array of N × M (5 × 7), that is, the hollow-out grooves 211 include N rows and M columns (5 rows and 7 columns). Wherein, an opening ring piece 212 is arranged in each hollow-out groove 211. The array direction of the two-dimensional array includes a row direction and a column direction, in the same array structure 210, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have gradually changed opening sizes in the row direction, and at least two of the open ring pieces 212 have gradually changed opening sizes in the column direction.
In the present embodiment, the hollow groove 211 is a circular hollow groove 211, and the open ring piece 212 is a circular open ring piece 212 for illustration. Specifically, the two-dimensional array includes a first centerline s1 and a second centerline s2, wherein the first centerline s1 is oriented in the same direction as the column direction and the second centerline s2 is oriented in the same direction as the row direction. Wherein the open ring pieces 212 of each layer array structure 210 are symmetrically disposed about the first center line s1 and are symmetrically disposed about the second center line s 2.
The opening size includes an opening angle and an opening direction. The opening angle of each opening ring piece 212 in the same array structure is less than or equal to 180 degrees, and the opening directions are the same, specifically, in the row direction, the opening size symmetrically increases from the first center line s1 of the two-dimensional array to the edge of the array; in the column direction, the opening size increases symmetrically from the second center line s1 of the two-dimensional array to the array edge. That is, the opening angle of each row of open ring segments 212 may increase symmetrically from the first centerline s1 toward the array edge, while the opening angle of each column of open ring segments 212 may increase symmetrically from the second centerline s2 toward the array edge.
As shown in fig. 7, the opening angle of each open ring piece 212 in the same array structure 210 is less than or equal to 180 degrees, and the opening direction of at least one open ring piece 212 is different from the opening direction of the open ring piece 212 located in the center of the array. For example, the open ring segments 212 in the array structure 210 are in a two-dimensional array of 5 x 7 (five rows and seven columns), wherein the third row and the fourth column are located at the center of the array. The opening angles of the first column to the seventh column in the third row are respectively theta31、θ32、θ33、θ34、θ35、θ36、θ37Wherein, theta34<θ35＝θ33<θ36＝θ32<θ37＝θ31Not more than 180 degrees and each timeThe opening directions of the open ring pieces 212 are the same. The opening angles of the first column to the seventh column in the fourth row are respectively theta41、θ42、θ43、θ44、θ45、θ46、θ47Wherein, in the row direction, the opening angle of each opening ring piece 212 in the same row has a gradual change rule, specifically, the gradual change rule increases from the first central line to two sides, and the opening angle (theta) of the opening ring piece 212 in the first column (and the seventh column) of the fourth row41、θ47) Greater than 180 deg., the fourth row, first column (and seventh column) of open ring segments 212 is replaced with a first pre-set open ring segment 212. Wherein, the open ring piece 212 on the first central line can be vertically turned to form the first preset open ring piece 212, and after replacement, the open angle thereof satisfies theta41＝θ47＝θ34<θ45＝θ43<θ46＝θ42And opening angle (theta)41、θ77) Opening direction opening angle (theta)34) The opening directions of the two openings are different and are in a vertical overturning relationship. Correspondingly, the opening angles of the first column to the seventh column in the fifth row are respectively theta51、θ52、θ53、θ54、θ55、θ56、θ57Wherein, in the row direction, according to the gradual change rule that the opening angle of each opening ring piece 212 in the same row increases from the first central line to two sides, if the opening angle (theta) of the second row (and sixth row) opening ring piece 212 in the fifth row52、θ56) The first is greater than 180 deg., the fifth row, second column (and sixth column) of open ring segments 212 are replaced with a first pre-set open ring segment 212. After replacement, the opening angle thereof satisfies theta52＝θ56＝θ34<θ57＝θ51<θ53＝θ54That is, the opening angle (θ) of the remaining opening ring piece 212 in the array direction51、θ57) The gradual change can be continued according to the gradual change rule on the basis of the first preset open ring piece 212, if the opening angle of any open ring piece 212 is larger than 180 degrees again in the gradual change process, the corresponding open ring piece 212 can be replaced againInstead, a second pre-set open ring 212 is substituted, wherein the second pre-set open ring 212 is the open ring 212 located at the center of the array. By repeating the above steps, the opening direction can be changed during the gradual change of the opening angle, so as to obtain a larger phase shift range.
In one embodiment, the hollow-out slots 211 in the array structure 210 are all disposed independently of each other, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent open ring pieces 212 in the array direction is equal. Wherein, the distance between the centroids of two adjacent open ring pieces 212 is the center distance. Specifically, in the row direction, the first center distances p1 of two adjacent open ring pieces 212 are equal; in the column direction, the second center distances p2 of two adjacent split-ring pieces 212 are equal. Wherein the first center distance p1 is equal to the second center distance p 2.
When the array lens is applied to a lens antenna comprising a feed source array, the array structure 210 and the dielectric layer 220 in the array lens jointly form a phase delay unit, and when at least two open ring pieces 212 in the same array structure 210 have gradually changed opening sizes in the array direction, a certain phase shift is generated, and the phase shift is positively correlated with the opening size. Wherein, the phase shift amount of the open ring plate 212 in each column satisfies Φ (x) ═ π x2And/λ f. The amount of phase shift achievable by the split ring 212 per row satisfies phi (x) pi y2And/λ f. Wherein x is the distance between the center of the open ring piece 212 and the first center line s 2; y is the distance between the center of the open ring piece 212 and the second central line s2, λ is the design frequency point, and f is the distance between the array lens and the feed source array.
The lens with symmetrical translation can be realized by the phase shift distribution in the embodiment of the application, namely the phase distribution of different frequency bands can be compensated, so that electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source array far away from the focus can be better converged in the row direction (X-axis direction) and the column direction (Y-axis direction) of the array lens, the amplitude reduction of the gain of the deflection beam is greatly reduced, and the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 in the same array structure 210 have gradually changing opening sizes in the array direction. Meanwhile, at least two of the open ring pieces 212 coaxially arranged in the multi-layer array structure 210 have a gradually changed ring width dimension in the first direction. Wherein, the ring width dimension can be understood as the ring width of the circular opening ring piece 212.
Referring to fig. 8, in one embodiment, the annular widths of the circular open ring pieces 212 in the same layer of the array structure 210 are the same, and the sizes of the annular widths of at least two coaxially arranged open ring pieces 212 decrease from the bottom layer to the top layer of the array lens. For example, the array lens 210 includes a 3-layer array structure P1-P3 and a 2-layer dielectric layer 220. The ring width dimension w1 of the open ring piece 212 in the array structure P1 is largest, the ring width dimension w2 of the open ring piece 212 in the array structure P2 and the ring width dimension w3 of the open ring piece 212 in the array structure P3 are sequentially decreased, and w1> w2> w 3.
In one embodiment, the circular open ring pieces 212 in the same layer of array structure 210 have the same ring width dimension, and the sizes of the open ring pieces 212 of at least two coaxially arranged open ring pieces 212 decrease symmetrically from the middle layer of the array lens to the top layer and the bottom layer of the array lens. For example, the array lens 210 includes a 3-layer array structure P1-P3 and a 2-layer dielectric layer 220. The ring width dimension w2 of the open ring 212 in the array structure P2 is largest, the ring width dimensions w1, w3 of the open ring 212 in the array structures P1, P3 are reduced relative to the ring width dimension w2 of the open ring 212 in the array structure P2, and w2> w3 ═ w 1.
In one embodiment, the circular open ring pieces 212 in the same layer of array structure 210 have the same ring width dimension, and the size of the open ring pieces 212 of at least two coaxially arranged open ring pieces 212 decreases from the top layer to the bottom layer of the array lens. For example, the array lens 210 includes a 3-layer array structure P1-P3 and a 2-layer dielectric layer 220. The ring width dimension w3 of the open ring piece 212 in the array structure P3 is largest, the ring width dimension w2 of the open ring piece 212 in the array structure P2 and the ring width dimension w1 of the open ring piece 212 in the array structure P1 are sequentially decreased, and w3> w2> w 1.
It should be noted that, in the array lens, at least two opening ring pieces 212 coaxially arranged in the multi-layer array structure 210 have a gradually-changed ring width dimension in the first direction, and meanwhile, the combination may also be performed with the embodiment in which at least two opening ring pieces 212 have a gradually-changed opening dimension in the array direction in the same array structure 210 in any one of the above embodiments, which is not described in detail herein.
At least two of the opening ring pieces 212 coaxially arranged in the array structure 210 in multiple layers in the array lens have gradually changed ring width sizes in the first direction, so that phase distribution of different frequency bands can be compensated, meanwhile, the convergence effect on electromagnetic wave beams can be realized, the bandwidth of the lens antenna is improved, and the scanning angle of the lens antenna is greatly improved.
The embodiment of the application also provides a lens antenna. As shown in fig. 9, the lens antenna includes: the array lens 20 in any of the above embodiments, and the feed source array 30 arranged in parallel with the array lens 20.
In one embodiment, the feed array 30 includes at least two feed units 310, when different feed units 310 in the feed array 30 are fed, electromagnetic waves can enter the lens array lens 20 along the first direction, and the lens antenna radiates high-gain beams with different directions, that is, different beam directions can be obtained, so as to implement beam scanning.
Further, the feed source array 30 may have a centrosymmetric structure, and the center of the feed source array 30 may be placed at the focal point of the lens array lens 20.
As shown in fig. 10, in an embodiment, the lens antenna further includes a first isolation plate 410 and a second isolation plate 420 arranged in parallel, and the feed array 30 and the array lens 20 are arranged between the first isolation plate 410 and the second isolation plate 420, so as to reduce leakage of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed array 30.
Further, a first end surface of the dielectric layer 220 is attached to the first isolation plate 410, and a second end surface of the dielectric layer 220 is attached to the second isolation plate 420.
In one embodiment, the first isolation plate 410 and the second isolation plate 420 may be both flat metal plates.
In the present embodiment, by disposing the array lens 20 and the feed array 30 between the first isolation plate 410 and the second isolation plate 420, leakage of electromagnetic waves radiated from the feed source can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna and improving the structural strength of the antenna.
In one embodiment, the lens antenna further includes protective layers (not shown) attached to the side of the lens farthest from the feed array 30 and the side of the lens closest to the feed array 30.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment which comprises the lens antenna in any embodiment. The electronic device with the lens antenna of any embodiment can be suitable for receiving and transmitting 5G communication millimeter wave signals, and meanwhile, the lens antenna is short in focal length, small in size, easy to integrate into the electronic device and capable of reducing the occupied space of the lens antenna in the electronic device.
The electronic Device may be a communication module including a Mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a Mobile Internet Device (MID), a wearable Device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), or other antenna.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the electronic device further comprises a detection module 1110, a switch module 1120, and a control module 1130. The control module 1130 is connected to the detection module 1110 and the switch module 1120, respectively.
In one embodiment, the detection module 1110 can obtain the beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the lens antenna when each of the feed units 310 is in the working state. The detecting module 1110 may be further configured to detect and obtain parameters such as power of electromagnetic waves received by the lens antenna when each of the feed unit 310 is in an operating state, an electromagnetic wave Absorption ratio (SAR), or a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).
In one embodiment, the switch module 1120 is connected to the feed array 30 for selectively connecting to any one of the feed units 310. In one embodiment, the switch module 1120 may include an input terminal connected to the control module 1130 and at least two output terminals connected to the at least two feed units 310 in a one-to-one correspondence. The switch module 1120 may be configured to receive a switching instruction sent by the control module 1130, so as to control on/off of each switch in the switch module 1120, and control on/off connection between the switch module 1120 and any one of the antenna feed source units 310, so that any one of the antenna feed source units 310 is in an operating (on) state.
In one embodiment, the control module 1130 may control the switch module 1120 according to a preset strategy to respectively enable each feeding unit to be in a working state, so as to perform transceiving of electromagnetic waves, that is, to obtain different beam directions, thereby implementing beam scanning. When any feed unit 310 is in an operating state, the detection module 1110 may correspondingly obtain the beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the current lens antenna. Referring to fig. 12, a beam scanning pattern is obtained by simulation taking 7-element feed array 30 as an example. For example, when five feed source units 310 are included in the feed source array 30, the detection module 1110 may correspondingly obtain five beam signal strengths, and select the strongest beam signal strength from the five beam signal strengths, and use the feed source unit 310 corresponding to the strongest beam signal strength as the target feed source unit 310. Switching instructions from control module 1130 control the conductive connection between switch module 1120 and target feed unit 310 to place target feed unit 310 in an active (conductive) state.
The electronic device in this embodiment can obtain different beam directions by switching the switches to make each feed unit 310 of the feed array 30 individually in a working state, thereby implementing beam scanning without a shifter and an attenuator, and greatly reducing the cost.
As shown in fig. 13, in one embodiment, the electronic device 10 includes at least two lens antennas 20, and the at least two lens antennas 20 are distributed on different sides of the frame of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device includes at least two lens antennas, the middle frame includes a first side 101 and a third side 103 that are disposed opposite to each other, and a second side 102 and a fourth side 104 that are disposed opposite to each other, the second side 102 is connected to one end of the first side 101 and the third side 103, and the fourth side 104 is connected to the other end of the first side 101 and the third side 103. At least two of the first side edge, the second side edge, the third side edge and the fourth side edge are respectively provided with a millimeter wave module.
In one embodiment, the two lens antennas are respectively arranged on two long sides of the mobile phone, so that the space on two sides of the mobile phone can be covered, and millimeter wave high-efficiency, high-gain and low-cost beam scanning of the 5G mobile phone is realized.
In one embodiment, when the number of lens antennas is 4, the 4 lens antennas are respectively located on the first side 101, the second side 102, the third side 103 and the fourth side 104. When the user holds the electronic device 10 by hand, the lens antennas are shielded to cause poor signals, at least two lens antennas are arranged on different sides, and when the user holds the electronic device 10 transversely or vertically, the lens antennas which are not shielded exist, so that the electronic device 10 can normally transmit and receive signals.
Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Suitable non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. An array lens, comprising:
at least one dielectric layer;
the array structure comprises at least two layers of array structures, wherein the dielectric layers and the array structures are alternately stacked along a first direction; each layer of array structure comprises at least three hollowed-out grooves arranged in an array mode, an open ring piece is arranged in each hollowed-out groove, and at least two open ring pieces, located at the same relative position, of the at least two layers of array structures are coaxially arranged in the first direction;
in the same array structure, the opening size of at least three open ring sheets in the row direction is symmetrically increased from a first central line of the two-dimensional array to the edge of the array; the opening size comprises an opening angle;
when electromagnetic waves enter the array lens along a first direction, the array lens compensates phase distribution of different frequency bands and converges the electromagnetic waves, and the size of phase shift is inversely related to the size of the opening.
2. The array lens of claim 1, wherein at least three of the open ring segments have the same opening size in the column direction in the same array structure.
3. The array lens of claim 2, wherein at least three of the open ring segments have a gradual opening dimension and a gradual ring width dimension in the row direction, and the opening dimension and the ring width dimension in the column direction are the same in the same array structure.
4. The array lens of claim 2, wherein at least three of the open ring segments have gradually changing opening sizes in the row direction and at least three of the open ring segments have the same opening size in the column direction and have gradually changing ring width sizes in the same array structure.
5. The array lens of claim 1, wherein at least three of the open ring segments have gradually changing opening sizes in the column direction in the same array structure.
6. The array lens of claim 5, wherein the opening size of at least three of the open ring segments in the row direction increases symmetrically from the first centerline of the two-dimensional array to the edge of the array in the same array structure; the opening sizes of at least three of the open ring segments increase symmetrically in the column direction from a second centerline of the two-dimensional array to an array edge.
7. The array lens according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the opening angle has a gradual change law in the array direction, if the opening angle of any one of the opening ring pieces is greater than a preset angle, the opening ring piece is replaced with a first preset opening ring piece, the remaining opening ring pieces in the array direction have the gradual change law on the basis of the first preset opening ring piece, and if the opening angle of the remaining opening ring pieces is greater than the preset angle, the corresponding opening ring piece is replaced with a second preset opening ring piece; and vertically overturning the open ring sheet positioned in the center of the array to form the first preset open ring sheet, and defining the open ring sheet positioned in the center of the array as a second preset open ring sheet.
8. The array lens of claim 1, wherein at least three of the open ring segments coaxially arranged in the multi-layered array structure have a gradual ring width dimension in the first direction.
9. The array lens of claim 1, wherein the centers of two adjacent open ring pieces are equidistant in the array direction.
10. A lens antenna, comprising:
a feed array comprising at least two feed units;
an array lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 arranged in parallel with said array of feeds.
11. The lens antenna of claim 10, further comprising first and second parallel-arranged spacers, wherein the feed array and the array lens are arranged between the first and second spacers.
12. An electronic device comprising the lens antenna according to any one of claims 10 to 11.
13. The electronic device of claim 12, further comprising:
the detection module is used for acquiring the beam signal intensity of the lens antenna when each feed source unit is in a working state;
the switch module is connected with the feed source array and used for selectively conducting a connecting path with any one feed source unit;
and the control module is respectively connected with the detection module and the switch module and is used for controlling the switch module according to the beam signal intensity so as to enable the feed source unit corresponding to the strongest beam signal intensity to be in a working state.
14. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the number of lens antennas is plural.
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