CN110854540B - Dielectric lens, lens antenna, and electronic device - Google Patents
Dielectric lens, lens antenna, and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110854540B CN110854540B CN201911058313.1A CN201911058313A CN110854540B CN 110854540 B CN110854540 B CN 110854540B CN 201911058313 A CN201911058313 A CN 201911058313A CN 110854540 B CN110854540 B CN 110854540B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
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Abstract
The present application relates to a dielectric lens, a lens antenna and an electronic device, the dielectric lens including: the first current-conducting plate and the second current-conducting plate are arranged in parallel with the first current-conducting plate; the focusing layer comprises a first side surface and a second side surface which are arranged in a back-to-back mode, the first side surface is attached to the first conducting plate, the second side surface is attached to the second conducting plate, the first side surface comprises a first curved surface protruding towards one side of the first conducting plate, and the focusing layer is used for converging electromagnetic waves conducted along a first direction; the calibration layer is connected with the focusing layer in the first direction, the calibration layer comprises a third side face and a fourth side face which are arranged in a back-to-back mode, the third side face is attached to the first conductive plate, the fourth side face is attached to the second conductive plate, the third side face comprises a second curved face, the second curved face comprises at least one convex face facing one side of the first conductive plate, the calibration layer is used for compensating phase delay provided by the focusing layer, the off-focus radiation performance can be effectively improved, and the scanning coverage range of the lens antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to a dielectric lens, a lens antenna, and an electronic device.
Background
A lens antenna, an antenna capable of converting a spherical wave or a cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave by an electromagnetic wave to obtain a pencil-shaped, fan-shaped, or other shaped beam. The general lens antenna is spherical, has larger volume and limited scanning angle, and is not beneficial to the coverage of a large-range area.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a dielectric lens, a lens antenna and an electronic device, which can effectively improve the deflection radiation performance and realize a larger scanning coverage.
A dielectric lens, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: the first current-conducting plate and the second current-conducting plate are arranged in parallel with the first current-conducting plate; the focusing layer comprises a first side surface and a second side surface which are arranged in a reverse manner, the first side surface is attached to the first current-conducting plate, the second side surface is attached to the second current-conducting plate, the first side surface comprises a first curved surface protruding towards one side of the first current-conducting plate, and the focusing layer is used for converging electromagnetic waves conducted along a first direction; the calibration layer is connected with the focusing layer in the first direction, the calibration layer comprises a third side face and a fourth side face which are arranged in an opposite mode, the third side face is attached to the first conducting plate, the fourth side face is attached to the second conducting plate, the third side face comprises a second curved face, the second curved face comprises at least one convex face protruding towards the first conducting plate, and the calibration layer is used for compensating for phase delay provided by the focusing layer.
Further, there is provided a lens antenna characterized by comprising:
at least one of the above dielectric lenses;
a feed array disposed between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate, the feed array including a plurality of feed units arranged in an array.
In addition, an electronic device is also provided, and the electronic device comprises the lens antenna.
The dielectric lens, the lens antenna and the electronic device comprise a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, a focusing layer and a calibration layer, wherein the focusing layer and the calibration layer are arranged between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate, the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, the focusing layer and the calibration layer jointly form a dielectric filling flat waveguide, the dielectric lens can receive electromagnetic waves incident along a first direction, and the focusing layer and the calibration layer are both provided with a curved surface on one side, so that the focusing layer in the dielectric filling flat waveguide can perform different phase delays on the received electromagnetic waves to realize the convergence effect on the electromagnetic waves, and meanwhile, the calibration layer can also compensate the phase delay provided by the focusing layer, thereby improving the off-focus radiation performance and improving the scanning coverage range of the lens antenna.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric lens in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is one of the schematic structural diagrams of the focusing layer taken along the section A-A' in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is one of the schematic structural diagrams of the alignment layer taken along the section B-B' in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic view of the alignment layer along the section B-B' in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic view of the structure of the focusing layer along the section A-A' in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a third schematic view of the alignment layer along the section B-B' in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a lens antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a top view of a lens antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an electronic device in one embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a beam scanning pattern in one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device including a lens antenna in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "attached" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
In the embodiment of the present application, the dielectric lens is applied to a lens antenna. According to the specific application scene of the lens antenna, the medium lens can realize the convergence of electromagnetic waves, effectively improves the deflection focal radiation performance, and improves the scanning coverage range of the lens antenna. The lens antenna can realize the receiving and transmitting of 5G millimeter waves, wherein the millimeter waves refer to electromagnetic waves with the wavelength of millimeter order of magnitude, and the frequency of the millimeter waves is about 20 GHz-300 GHz. The 3GP has specified a list of frequency bands supported by 5G NR, the 5G NR spectral range can reach 100GHz, and two frequency ranges are specified: frequency range 1(FR1), i.e. the sub-6 GHz band, and Frequency range 2(FR2), i.e. the millimeter wave band. Frequency range of Frequency range 1: 450MHz-6.0GHz, with a maximum channel bandwidth of 100 MHz. The Frequency range of the Frequency range 2 is 24.25GHz-52.6GHz, and the maximum channel bandwidth is 400 MHz. The near 11GHz spectrum for 5G mobile broadband comprises: 3.85GHz licensed spectrum, for example: 28GHz (24.25-29.5GHz), 37GHz (37.0-38.6GHz), 39GHz (38.6-40GHz) and 14GHz unlicensed spectrum (57-71 GHz). The working frequency bands of the 5G communication system comprise three frequency bands of 28GHz, 39GHz and 60 GHz.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the dielectric lens 20 includes: a first conductive plate 210, a second conductive plate 220, a focusing layer 230, and an alignment layer 240. The first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 are disposed in parallel, and the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 are both disposed between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220.
In one embodiment, the material of the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 may be a conductive material, such as a metal material, an alloy material, a conductive silicone material, a graphite material, or the like. Alternatively, the material of the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 may also be a material with a high dielectric constant, such as glass, plastic, ceramic, etc. with a high dielectric constant.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the focusing layer 230 includes a first side surface 230a and a second side surface 230b that are opposite to each other, and the first side surface 230a of the focusing layer 230 includes a first curved surface 2301 that is convex toward one side of the first conductive plate 210. The first side surface 230a is attached to the first conductive plate 210, and the second side surface 230b is attached to the second conductive plate 220. The alignment layer 240 includes a third side 240a and a fourth side 240b opposite to each other, the third side 240a includes a second curved surface 2401, and the second curved surface 2401 includes at least one convex surface facing the first conductive plate 210. The third side 240a is attached to the first conductive plate 210, and the fourth side 240b is attached to the second conductive plate 220. That is, the inner side of the first conductive plate 210 and the inner side of the second conductive plate 220 are respectively provided with a corresponding arc surface to closely adhere to the corresponding focusing layer 230 and the corresponding alignment layer 240. The outer side of the first conductive plate 210 and the outer side of the second conductive plate 220 are both planar and parallel to each other. The inner side is understood to be the side facing the focusing layer 230, and the outer side is understood to be the side facing away from the focusing layer 230.
Wherein the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 are disposed along the first direction (X-axis direction) between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220. That is, the focusing layer 230 is disposed close to the feed array of the lens antenna, and the collimating layer 240 is disposed far from the feed array of the lens antenna. For example, the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 each include a first region and a second region connected to each other, wherein the first side 230a of the focusing layer 230 is attached to the first region of the first conductive plate 210, the third side 240a of the alignment layer 240 is attached to the second region of the first conductive plate 210, the second side 230b of the focusing layer 230 is attached to the first region of the second conductive plate 220, and the fourth side 240b of the alignment layer 240 is attached to the second region of the second conductive plate 220.
In one embodiment, the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 can be integrally formed in the first direction, and the manufacturing process is simple and low in cost.
Alternatively, the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 may be two separate layered structures and seamlessly connected between the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 in the first direction.
In one embodiment, the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 are made of non-metal materials, which do not interfere with the electric field of the electromagnetic wave. For example, the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 may be made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), ARM composite material, which is generally made of silicon, PET, and other specially processed materials. Wherein the refractive indices of the materials of the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 are the same.
The first conductive plate 210, the second conductive plate 220, the focusing layer 230, and the alignment layer 240 collectively constitute a dielectric-filled slab waveguide. The equivalent refractive index thereof is positively correlated with the thickness dimensions of the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240, i.e., the larger the thickness dimensions of the focusing layer 230 and the alignment layer 240 in the first direction, the larger the equivalent refractive index. The dielectric lens can receive electromagnetic waves incident along a first direction, because one side surface of the focusing layer 230 and one side surface of the calibration layer 240 are both curved surfaces, the focusing layer 230 in the dielectric filled slab waveguide can perform different phase delays on the received electromagnetic waves to realize the convergence effect on the electromagnetic waves, and meanwhile, the calibration layer 240 can also compensate the phase delay provided by the focusing layer 230, so that the deflection radiation performance is improved, and the scanning coverage range of the lens antenna is improved.
In one embodiment, the first side 230a of the focusing layer 230 includes at least a first curved surface 2301 protruding toward the first conductive plate 210, and the second side 230b of the focusing layer 230 is a plane. Wherein a thickness h between the first curved surface 2301 and the second conductive plate 220 is symmetrically reduced from a center of the first curved surface 2301 to an edge of the first curved surface 2301. For example, the first curved surface 2301 may be a hyperboloid or a paraboloid. When the first curved surface 2301 is a hyperboloid or a paraboloid, the converging effect of the incident electromagnetic wave signal can be better realized.
In one embodiment, the first side 230a of the focusing layer 230 further comprises a first connection surface 2302, the first connection surface 2302 being configured to be disposed at an edge of the first side 230a for connection with the alignment layer 240. For example, the first connection surface 2302 may be a plane or a curved surface.
The third side 240a of the alignment layer 240 includes a second curved surface 2401, and the fourth side 240b of the focusing layer 230 is a plane. The second curved surface 2401 includes a convex surface and two concave surfaces recessed toward the first conductive plate 210, the convex surface and the concave surfaces are alternately and smoothly connected in the second direction, and the convex surface is located between the two concave surfaces, for example, the convex surface is located in a middle area of the second curved surface 2401.
In one implementation, the convex surface and the concave surface are both cambered surfaces, and the convex surface and the concave surface may be both the same cambered surface, except that the concave-convex directions are different. For example, the convex surface can be formed by vertically inverting the concave surface.
In one embodiment, the convex and concave surfaces have different length dimensions in the second direction on the same horizontal plane, wherein the length dimension l of the convex surface in the second direction on the same horizontal plane is different1Is greater than the length dimension l of the concave surface in the second direction2。
The length of the convex surface, the length of the concave surface, the thickness of the convex surface, and the depth of the concave surface may be set according to the thickness of the focusing layer 230 and the curvature of the first curved surface 2301, and the phase delay provided by the focusing layer 230 may be compensated for. In the embodiment of the present application, the length dimension and the thickness dimension of the convex surface, the length dimension and the thickness dimension of the concave surface are not further limited.
When the thickness h between the first curved surface 2301 of the first side surface 230a of the focusing layer 230 and the second conductive plate 220 is symmetrically reduced from the center of the first curved surface 2301 to the edge of the first curved surface 2301, the corresponding equivalent refractive index is also symmetrically reduced from the center of the first curved surface 2301 to the edge of the first curved surface 2301, thereby achieving the focusing effect on the electromagnetic waves.
The dielectric lens is applied to a lens antenna with a feed array, and when a certain feed unit of the feed array performs feed, the feed unit can adopt an offset feed mode and a positive feed mode. The positive feed can be understood as that the feed unit in the working state is just positioned on the focus of the dielectric lens, and the electromagnetic wave generated when the feed unit feeds electricity is changed into a plane beam through the dielectric lens to be radiated out, so that the maximum gain of the lens antenna is realized. Offset feed is understood to mean that the phase center of the feed unit in the operating state is offset relative to the central axis of the focal point of the dielectric lens.
When the phase center of the feed source unit in the working state and the central axis of the focal point of the dielectric lens are offset relatively, the phase of the electromagnetic wave reaching the focusing layer 230 is different from the phase of the positive feed by a certain amplitude, and at this time, the phase distribution provided by the focusing layer 230 cannot meet the optimal focusing condition. In this embodiment, by performing the convex and concave surface design on the second curved surface 2401 of the calibration layer 240, the calibration layer 240 can compensate the phase distribution provided by the focusing layer 230, so as to satisfy the optimal convergence condition, improve the off-focus radiation performance, and improve the scanning coverage of the lens antenna.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, the second curved surface 2401 includes a plurality of convex surfaces and a plurality of concave surfaces, the plurality of convex surfaces and the plurality of concave surfaces are alternately and smoothly connected in the second direction, and the convex surfaces are located at the center of the first curved surface 2301. That is, the second curved surface 2401 may be understood as a symmetrically arranged wavy curved surface. The length l of a plurality of convex surfaces in the wave curved surface on the same horizontal plane in the second direction has a gradual change rule.
Specifically, the length dimension l of the convex surfaces decreases symmetrically from the center position of the second curved surface 2401 to both sides in the second direction. The reduction may be a gradient reduction or a random reduction, for example, a gradient reduction may be understood as a reduction in the gradient of an equal ratio series, an equal difference series, or according to a specific rule.
In one embodiment, the third side 240a of the alignment layer 240 further comprises a second connection surface 2402, the second connection surface 2402 is configured to be disposed at an edge of the third side 240a for connection with the focusing layer 230. For example, the second attachment face 2402 may be planar or curved. When the first connection surface 2302 is a plane, the second connection surface 2402 thereof is also a plane capable of being smoothly connected with the second connection surface 2402; when the first connection surface 2302 is curved, the second connection surface 2402 is also curved to smoothly connect with the second connection surface 2402. In the embodiment of the present application, the specific shapes of the first connection surface 2302 and the second connection surface 2402 are not further limited.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the second side 230b of the focusing layer 230 may also be the same side as the first side 230 a. That is, the second side 230b has the same structure as the first side 230a, and the first side 230a and the second side 230b are symmetrical with respect to the central plane.
As shown in fig. 6, the fourth side 240b of the alignment layer 240 may also be the same side as the third side 240 a. That is, the fourth side 240b has the same structure as the third side 240a, and the fourth side 240b and the third side 240a are symmetrical with respect to the central plane s. It should be noted that the central plane s can be understood as a plane parallel to the first conductive plate 210, and the plane is equidistant from the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220.
In the embodiment of the present application, specific structures (plane or curved surface) of the first side 230a, the second side 230b, the third side 240a, and the fourth side 240b are not further limited, and may be combined. It should be noted that the structural characteristics (e.g., the shapes of the third side 240a and the fourth side 240b, the thickness h, etc.) of the alignment layer 240 may be set according to the structural characteristics (e.g., the shapes of the first side 230a and the second side 230b, the thickness h of the focusing layer 230, etc.) of the focusing layer 230, so that the alignment layer 240 can compensate the phase distribution in the focusing layer 230.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a lens antenna, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the lens antenna includes: at least one dielectric lens 20 and a feed array 30 in any of the above embodiments. The feed array 30 is arranged between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, and the feed array 30 of the dielectric lens 20 is arranged between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, so that leakage of electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed array 30 can be reduced, the antenna efficiency is improved, and the structural strength of the antenna is improved.
The feed array 30 includes a plurality of feed cells 310 arranged in an array. When feeding is performed on different feed source units 310 in the feed source array 30, electromagnetic waves can enter the dielectric lens 20 along the first direction, and the lens antenna radiates high-gain beams with different directions, that is, different beam directions can be obtained, so that beam scanning is realized, and the millimeter wave lens antenna is suitable for application of millimeter wave lens antennas.
In one embodiment, the number of the dielectric lenses 20 in the lens antenna is one, and the array center of the feed array 30 and the focal point of the dielectric lens 20 are located on the same axis.
Further, the feed source array 30 may have a centrosymmetric structure, and the array center of the feed source array 30 may be placed at the focal point of the dielectric lens 20. By switching the switch of any feed unit 310 in the feed array 30, the feed unit 310 is in operation, and other feed units 310 are not in operation, so that different beam directions can be obtained, and beam scanning is realized.
In one embodiment, the dielectric lenses 20 in the lens antenna are at least three, and at least three of the dielectric lenses 20 are in a linear array. Meanwhile, the feed array 30 also includes a plurality of feed units 310, and the feed units 310 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the dielectric lenses 20. One feed unit 310 is disposed corresponding to one dielectric lens 20, which constitutes one antenna unit. Namely, the lens antenna comprises at least three antenna units, and each antenna unit is in a linear array.
If the phase center of the feed unit 310 and the focal point of the dielectric lens 20 are located on the same central axis, the antenna unit is used as a focusing antenna, and the electromagnetic wave generated by radiation of the feed unit 310 is changed into a plane beam through the dielectric lens 20 and radiated out, thereby realizing the maximum gain of the antenna. If the phase center of the feed unit 310 has a phase offset from the central axis of the focal point of the dielectric lens 20, the antenna unit is used as a focusing antenna. The direction of the radiation electromagnetic wave beam can be changed by adjusting the offset x of the phase offset, the included angle between the wave beam and the central axis is a, and the larger the offset x is, the larger the included angle a is.
In one embodiment, the lens antenna comprises at least three antenna elements in a linear array. The antenna unit located in the center of the array is a focusing antenna, and the other antenna units are deflecting antennas. Further, the offset of the phase offset of the offset focal type antenna is symmetrically reduced towards two sides of the linear array from the central line of the linear array. The lens antenna comprises 7 antenna units, wherein the deflection type antenna is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the focusing type antenna, and the offset is respectively marked as x1、x2、x3Wherein x is1<x2<x3。
In this embodiment, a one-dimensional lens antenna array may be formed by arranging a plurality of antenna units in a linear manner, and by designing the phase shift amount of each antenna unit, the electromagnetic wave beam may be directed to different directions, and by switching and exciting different antenna units, beam scanning covering a wide range may be achieved.
As shown in fig. 8, in one embodiment, the lens antenna includes a dielectric lens 20 and a feed array 30. The feed array 30 comprises a plurality of feed units 310 arranged in an array. The feed source 220 is disposed on the focal plane of the lens 210 and can radiate the radio frequency power from the feed line to the lens 210 in the form of electromagnetic waves, and the lens 210 can receive spherical waves or cylindrical waves radiated by the feed source 220 and convert the spherical waves or cylindrical waves into plane waves, that is, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source 220 can be better converged, so as to obtain pencil-shaped, fan-shaped or other shaped beams. Here, a plane wave is a wave in which a plane formed by points having the same vibration phase at the same time in a wave propagation space is a plane. When feeding is performed on different feed source units 310 in the feed source array 30, electromagnetic waves can enter the dielectric lens 20 along the first direction, and the lens antenna radiates high-gain beams with different directions, that is, different beam directions can be obtained, so that beam scanning is realized, and the millimeter wave lens antenna is suitable for application of millimeter wave lens antennas.
An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device including the lens antenna in any one of the above embodiments. The electronic device having the lens antenna of any of the above embodiments may be suitable for receiving and transmitting 5G communication millimeter wave signals, and meanwhile, may compensate for phase distribution provided by the focusing layer 230, thereby satisfying an optimal convergence condition, improving a defocusing radiation performance, and improving a scanning coverage of the lens antenna.
The electronic Device may be a communication module including a Mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a Mobile Internet Device (MID), a wearable Device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), or other settable antenna.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the electronic device further includes a detection module 910, a switch module 920, and a control module 930. The control module 930 is connected to the detection module 910 and the switch module 920, respectively.
In one embodiment, the detection module 910 may obtain the beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the lens antenna when each of the feed units 310 is in the working state. The detecting module 910 may further be configured to detect and obtain parameters such as power of electromagnetic waves received by the lens antenna when each of the feed unit 310 is in an operating state, an electromagnetic wave Absorption ratio (SAR), or a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).
In one embodiment, the switch module 920 is connected to the feed array 30 for selectively turning on a connection path with any one of the feed units 310. In one embodiment, the switch module 920 may include an input terminal connected to the control module 930 and a plurality of output terminals connected to the plurality of feed units 310 in a one-to-one correspondence. The switch module 920 may be configured to receive a switching instruction sent by the control module 930, so as to control the on/off of each switch in the switch module 920, and control the conductive connection between the switch module 920 and any one of the antenna feed source units 310, so that any one of the antenna feed source units 310 is in a working (on) state.
In one embodiment, the control module 930 may control the switch module 920 to respectively enable each feeding unit to be in a working state according to a preset policy, so as to perform transceiving of electromagnetic waves, that is, obtain different beam directions, thereby implementing beam scanning. When any feed source unit 310 is in an operating state, the detection module 910 may correspondingly obtain the beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the current lens antenna. Referring to fig. 10, a beam scanning pattern is obtained by simulation taking 7-element feed array 30 as an example. For example, when feed array 30 includes seven feed units 310, detection module 910 may obtain seven corresponding beam signal strengths, and select the strongest beam signal strength from the seven beam signal strengths, and use the feed unit 310 corresponding to the strongest beam signal strength as the target feed unit 310. A switching instruction sent by control module 930 controls the conductive connection between switch module 920 and target feed unit 310, so that target feed unit 310 is in an operating (conductive) state.
The electronic device in this embodiment can obtain different beam directions by switching the switches to make the feed units 310 of the feed array 30 individually in a working state, thereby realizing beam scanning without a shifter and an attenuator, and greatly reducing the cost.
As shown in FIG. 11, in one embodiment, the electronic device 10 includes a plurality of lens antennas T, which are distributed on different sides of a frame of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device includes a plurality of lens antennas, the middle frame includes a first side 101 and a third side 103 that are opposite to each other, and a second side 102 and a fourth side 104 that are opposite to each other, the second side 102 is connected to one end of the first side 101 and the third side 103, and the fourth side 104 is connected to the other end of the first side 101 and the third side 103. At least two of the first side edge, the second side edge, the third side edge and the fourth side edge are respectively provided with a millimeter wave module.
In one embodiment, the two lens antennas are respectively arranged on two long sides of the mobile phone, so that the space on two sides of the mobile phone can be covered, and millimeter wave high-efficiency, high-gain and low-cost beam scanning of the 5G mobile phone is realized.
In one embodiment, when the number of lens antennas is 4, 4 lens antennas are respectively located on the first side 101, the second side 102, the third side 103 and the fourth side 104. When the user holds the electronic device 10 by hand, the lens antenna is shielded to cause poor signals, the lens antennas are arranged on different sides, and when the user holds the electronic device 10 transversely or vertically, the lens antenna which is not shielded exists, so that the electronic device 10 can normally transmit and receive signals.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A dielectric lens, comprising:
a first conductive plate having a first conductive surface,
a second conductive plate disposed in parallel with the first conductive plate;
the focusing layer comprises a first side surface and a second side surface which are arranged in a reverse manner, the first side surface is attached to the first conductive plate, the second side surface is attached to the second conductive plate, the first side surface comprises a first curved surface protruding towards one side of the first conductive plate, and the focusing layer is used for converging electromagnetic waves conducted along a first direction;
an alignment layer connected to the focusing layer in the first direction, the alignment layer including a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other, the third side being attached to the first conductive plate, the fourth side being attached to the second conductive plate, the third side including a second curved surface, the second curved surface including at least one convex surface protruding toward the first conductive plate, wherein the alignment layer is configured to compensate for a phase delay provided by the focusing layer.
2. A dielectric lens as recited in claim 1, wherein the second curved surface further includes two concave surfaces recessed toward the first conductive plate, the convex surfaces and the concave surfaces are alternately and smoothly connected in a second direction in turn, and the convex surfaces are located between the two concave surfaces, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
3. The dielectric lens of claim 2, wherein the second curved surface comprises a plurality of convex surfaces and a plurality of concave surfaces, wherein the convex surfaces and the concave surfaces are alternately arranged in the second direction, and the length dimension of the plurality of convex surfaces in the second direction has a gradual change law on the same horizontal plane.
4. A dielectric lens according to claim 3, wherein the length dimensions of the plurality of convex surfaces symmetrically decrease from the center position of the second curved surface to both sides in the second direction on the same horizontal plane.
5. A dielectric lens of claim 1, wherein the thickness between the first curved surface and the second conductive plate symmetrically decreases from the center of the first curved surface to the edge of the first curved surface.
6. A dielectric lens of claim 5 wherein the first curved surface is a hyperboloid or a paraboloid.
7. A dielectric lens according to claim 1, wherein the second side is planar or the second side is structurally the same side as the first side, and the second side is symmetrical to the first side about a central plane.
8. A dielectric lens of claim 1, wherein the fourth side is planar or the fourth side is the same side as the third side structure, and the fourth side and the third side are symmetrical about a central plane.
9. A lens antenna, comprising:
at least one dielectric lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;
a feed array disposed between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate, the feed array including a plurality of feed units arranged in an array.
10. The lens antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein the dielectric lens is one, and the array center of the feed array and the focal point of the dielectric lens are located on the same axis.
11. The lens antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein the number of the dielectric lenses is at least three, and at least three of the dielectric lenses are in a linear array, and the feed units are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the dielectric lenses; the phase center of at least one feed source unit and the focus of the medium lens are located on the same central axis, and the phase centers of at least two feed source units and the central axis where the focus of the medium lens is located have phase deviation.
12. The lens antenna of claim 11, wherein the phase offsets of at least three of the dielectric lenses decrease symmetrically from the centerline of the linear array to the sides of the array.
13. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a lens antenna according to any one of claims 9-12.
14. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising:
the detection module is used for acquiring the beam signal intensity of the lens antenna when each feed source unit is in a working state;
the switch module is connected with the feed source array and used for selectively conducting a connecting path with any one feed source unit;
and the control module is respectively connected with the detection module and the switch module and is used for controlling the switch module according to the beam signal intensity so as to enable the feed source unit corresponding to the strongest beam signal intensity to be in a working state.
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| GB2497328A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | Canon Kk | Method of making a dielectric material with a varying permittivity |
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| CN105552573A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-04 | 吴锡东 | Dual-polarized waveguide slot feed source lens antenna with symmetric dielectric filling columns |
| CN105470660A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-06 | 电子科技大学 | Very-low-profile cylindrical Luneberg lens antenna based on novel dielectric filling mode |
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