CN112542697B

CN112542697B - Dielectric lens, lens antenna, and electronic device

Info

Publication number: CN112542697B
Application number: CN201910899596.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨帆
Original assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-23
Filing date: 2019-09-23
Publication date: 2022-08-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-23
Also published as: CN112542697A

Abstract

The application relates to a dielectric lens, a lens antenna and an electronic device, wherein the dielectric lens comprises a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate which is arranged in parallel with the first conductive plate; the dielectric layer comprises a top layer and a bottom layer which are arranged oppositely, the top layer is attached to the first conductive plate, and the bottom layer is attached to the second conductive plate; the top layer is a first smooth curved surface, the dielectric layer comprises a first gradual change area, the first gradual change area protrudes towards the first conductive plate, and the thickness of the gradual change area is symmetrically reduced from the center of the first gradual change area to the two side edges of the first gradual change area; the thickness is the interval between first current-conducting plate and the second current-conducting plate, can realize the continuous change of equivalent refractive index, and radiant efficiency is high.

Description

Dielectric lens, lens antenna, and electronic device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to a dielectric lens, a lens antenna, and an electronic device.

Background

A lens antenna, an antenna capable of converting a spherical wave or a cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave by an electromagnetic wave to obtain a pencil-shaped, fan-shaped, or other shaped beam. By properly designing the surface shape and the refractive index of the lens, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave is adjusted to obtain the plane wave front on the radiation aperture. The equivalent refractive index of a common lens antenna can only be discretely changed, and the radiation efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a lens antenna and an electronic device, which can realize continuous change of equivalent refractive index and have high radiation efficiency.

A dielectric lens, comprising:

a first conductive plate having a first conductive surface,

a second conductive plate disposed in parallel with the first conductive plate;

the dielectric layer comprises a top layer and a bottom layer which are arranged oppositely, the top layer is attached to the first conductive plate, and the bottom layer is attached to the second conductive plate; the top layer is a first smooth curved surface, the dielectric layer comprises a first gradual change area, the first gradual change area protrudes towards the first conductive plate, and the thickness of the gradual change area is symmetrically reduced from the center of the first gradual change area to the two side edges of the first gradual change area; the thickness is a spacing between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate.

Further, there is provided a lens antenna including: the above dielectric lens; and

the array feed source is arranged between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate, is arranged at intervals with the dielectric lens, and is used for feeding in current signals so as to enable electromagnetic wave signals to be incident to the dielectric lens, and the dielectric lens is used for realizing the convergence effect on the electromagnetic waves.

In addition, an electronic device is also provided, and the electronic device comprises the lens antenna.

The dielectric lens, the lens antenna and the electronic device comprise a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate which is arranged in parallel with the first conductive plate; the dielectric layer comprises a top layer and a bottom layer which are arranged oppositely, the top layer is attached to the first conductive plate, and the bottom layer is attached to the second conductive plate; the top layer is a first smooth curved surface, the dielectric layer comprises a first gradual change area, the first gradual change area protrudes towards the first conductive plate, and the thickness of the gradual change area is symmetrically reduced from the center of the first gradual change area to the two side edges of the first gradual change area; the thickness is the interval between first current-conducting plate and the second current-conducting plate, can realize the continuous change of equivalent refractive index, and radiant efficiency is high.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A' of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B' of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic rear view of a dielectric lens according to an embodiment;

FIG. 12a is a schematic diagram of a lens antenna according to an embodiment;

FIG. 12b is a side view of a lens antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an electronic device in one embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a beam scanning pattern in one embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an electronic device including a lens antenna in one embodiment.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "attached" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

In one embodiment, the electronic Device may be a communication module including a Mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a Mobile Internet Device (MID), a wearable Device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), or other configurable array antenna Device.

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, an electronic device 10 may include a housing assembly 110, a midplane 120, a display screen assembly 130, and a controller. The display screen assembly 130 is fixed to the housing assembly 110, and forms an external structure of the electronic device together with the housing assembly 110. The housing assembly 110 may include a middle frame 111 and a rear cover 113. The middle frame 111 may be a frame structure having a through hole. The middle frame 111 can be accommodated in an accommodating space formed by the display screen assembly and the rear cover 113. The rear cover 113 is used to form an outer contour of the electronic apparatus. The rear cover 113 may be integrally formed. In the molding process of the rear cover 113, structures such as a rear camera hole, a fingerprint recognition module, an antenna device mounting hole, etc. may be formed on the rear cover 113. The rear cover 113 may be a non-metal rear cover 113, for example, the rear cover 113 may be a plastic rear cover 113, a ceramic rear cover 113, a 3D glass rear cover 113, or the like. The middle plate 120 is fixed inside the housing assembly, and the middle plate 120 may be a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) or an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit). An antenna module for transmitting and receiving millimeter wave signals may be integrated with the midplane 120, and a controller capable of controlling operations of electronic devices may be integrated therewith. The display screen component can be used for displaying pictures or fonts and can provide an operation interface for a user.

The embodiment of the present application provides a dielectric lens 20. In the present embodiment, the dielectric lens is applied to a lens antenna. According to the specific application scene of the lens antenna, the dielectric lens is provided with a continuously-gradually-changed refractive index distribution rule, so that the function of converging electromagnetic waves is realized. The lens antenna can realize the receiving and transmitting of 5G millimeter waves, wherein the millimeter waves refer to electromagnetic waves with the wavelength of millimeter order of magnitude, and the frequency of the millimeter waves is about 20 GHz-300 GHz. The 3GP has specified a list of frequency bands supported by 5G NR, the 5G NR spectral range can reach 100GHz, and two frequency ranges are specified: frequency range 1(FR1), i.e. the sub-6 GHz band, and Frequency range 2(FR2), i.e. the millimeter wave band. Frequency range of Frequency range 1: 450MHz-6.0GHz, with a maximum channel bandwidth of 100 MHz. The Frequency range of the Frequency range 2 is 24.25GHz-52.6GHz, and the maximum channel bandwidth is 400 MHz. The near 11GHz spectrum for 5G mobile broadband comprises: 3.85GHz licensed spectrum, for example: 28GHz (24.25-29.5GHz), 37GHz (37.0-38.6GHz), 39GHz (38.6-40GHz) and 14GHz unlicensed spectrum (57-71 GHz). The working frequency bands of the 5G communication system comprise three frequency bands of 28GHz, 39GHz and 60 GHz.

As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a dielectric lens. In one embodiment, the dielectric lens 20 includes: a first conductive plate 210, a second conductive plate 220, and a dielectric layer 230. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the first conductive plate 210 is disposed in parallel with the second conductive plate 220. The first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 arranged in parallel may constitute a metal slab waveguide.

In one embodiment, the material of the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 may be a conductive material, such as a metal material, an alloy material, a conductive silicone material, a graphite material, or the like. Alternatively, the material of the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 may also be a material with a high dielectric constant, such as glass, plastic, ceramic, etc. with a high dielectric constant.

The dielectric layer 230 includes a top layer 230a and a bottom layer 230b opposite to each other, the top layer 230a is attached to the first conductive plate 210, and the bottom layer 230b is attached to the second conductive plate 220. The dielectric-filled metal slab waveguide may be formed by filling a dielectric layer 230 between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, and the propagation constant is larger than the free space, i.e., an equivalent refractive index greater than 1 is achieved.

In one embodiment, the material of the dielectric layer 230 may be a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) material, an ARM composite material, which is generally made of silicon gel, PET, and other specially processed materials.

The top layer 230a is a first smooth curved surface, the dielectric layer 230 includes a first transition region 230-1, the top layer 230a of the first transition region 230-1 protrudes in a direction toward the first conductive plate 210, and the thickness of the transition region decreases symmetrically from the center O of the first transition region 230-1 to the two side edges of the first transition region 230-1.

The first graded region 230-1 may be the entire region of the dielectric layer 230 or may be the middle region of the dielectric layer 230. In the embodiment of the present application, the length of the first graded region 230-1 is not limited, for example, the length of the first graded region 230-1 may be one half of the length of the dielectric layer 230, or one fifth of the length of the dielectric layer 230.

The thickness is understood to be the distance between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, and the thickness is also understood to be the dimension in the thickness direction (Z axis), which is the direction perpendicular to the plane of the first conductive surface.

The center O (central position) of the first graded region 230-1 may also be understood as the center (central position) of the dielectric layer 230, and a straight line passing through the center O and perpendicular to the first conductive plate 210 is a central line about which the dielectric layer 230 is symmetrical.

In the embodiment of the present application, the inner side surface (the surface for being attached to the top layer 230a of the dielectric layer 230) of the first conductive plate 210 may be designed according to the design of the top layer 230a of the dielectric layer 230, for example, when the top layer 230a of the dielectric layer 230 is a first smooth curved surface, the inner side surface of the first conductive plate 210 is also a smooth curved surface, so that it can be closely attached to the first conductive surface. Accordingly, the inner side surface (the surface for being attached to the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230) of the second conductive plate 220 may be designed according to the design of the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230, for example, when the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 is a plane, the inner side surface of the second conductive plate 220 is also a plane, so that it can be closely attached to the second conductive surface. When the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 is a second smooth curved surface, the inner side surface of the second conductive plate 220 is also a smooth curved surface, so that it can be tightly attached to the second conductive surface. The outer side surfaces of the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 are both planar and parallel to each other, and when the dielectric layer 230 is not filled between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 arranged in parallel can form a metal plate waveguide.

The first conductive plate 210, the second conductive plate 220 and the dielectric layer 230 together form a dielectric-filled metal slab waveguide, and the equivalent refractive index of the dielectric-filled metal slab waveguide is in a direct proportion relation with the thickness h of the dielectric layer 230, that is, the larger the thickness h is, the larger the equivalent refractive index is, the thickness h is symmetrically reduced from the center O of the first gradient region 230-1 to the edges of the two sides of the first gradient region 230-1, that is, the equivalent refractive index is gradually reduced from the middle to the two sides, so that a dielectric lens is formed, and the electromagnetic wave beam convergence effect is realized. Since the top layer of the dielectric layer 230 is a first smooth curved surface, and the first smooth curved surface is a continuously variable curved surface, that is, the thickness h is continuously variable, the equivalent refractive index can be continuously variable, and the lens antenna efficiency is higher.

In one embodiment, the shape of the dielectric layer 230 orthographically projected onto the second conductive plate 220 is rectangular, and the thickness of the first graded region 230-1 decreases symmetrically from the center O of the first graded region 230-1 to the two side edges of the first graded region 230-1, which means that the thickness of the first graded region 230-1 is only graded in the first direction, but not in the second direction. Wherein, the first smooth curved surface is a cylindrical curved surface or a hyperboloid.

In one embodiment, the shape of the dielectric layer 230 orthographically projected onto the second conductive plate 220 is circular, and the thickness of the first graded region 230-1 is symmetrically reduced from the center O of the first graded region 230-1 to the two side edges of the first graded region 230-1, which means that the thickness of the first graded region 230-1 is graded in the first direction, and is also graded in the second direction.

Furthermore, when the gradient rules of the first direction and the second direction are the same, the first smooth curved surface can be a spherical surface; when the gradual change rules in the first direction and the second direction are different, the first smooth curved surface can be an elliptic spherical surface.

When the first smooth curved surface is a spherical surface or an elliptical spherical surface, the first smooth curved surface is a continuously changing curved surface, the medium of the first smooth curved surface is filled with the metal slab waveguide, the equivalent refractive index is in a proportional relation with the thickness h of the medium layer 230, namely, the thickness h is continuously changed, so that the equivalent refractive index can be continuously changed in the first direction and the second direction at the same time, and the equivalent refractive index is symmetrically reduced from the center O of the first gradual change region 230-1 to the edges of the two sides of the first gradual change region 230-1, thereby forming a medium lens and realizing the convergence effect on electromagnetic wave beams, so that the efficiency of the lens antenna is higher.

It should be noted that the first direction is a length direction (X axis) of the dielectric layer 230, and the second direction is a width direction (Y axis) of the dielectric layer 230, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction is perpendicular to a direction (Z axis) of a thickness of the first gradual change region 230-1.

As shown in fig. 6, in one embodiment, the minimum value of the thickness of the first graded region 230-1 is zero. When the thickness becomes zero, the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 may be disposed in partial contact.

Further, when the thickness is zero, the dielectric lens further includes an isolation layer embedded in a predetermined region of the first conductive plate 210 or the second conductive plate 220. The predetermined region may be understood as a non-contact region between the inner side of the second conductive plate 220 and the dielectric layer 230, or a non-contact region between the inner side of the first conductive plate 210 and the dielectric layer 230. The electromagnetic interference between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 can be shielded by providing an isolation layer.

As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment, the dielectric layer 230 further includes a second graded region 230-2, and the second graded region 230-2 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first graded region 230-1 and smoothly connected to the first graded region 230-1.

Further, when the shape of the first gradation region 230-1 orthographically projected on the second conductive plate 220 is rectangular, the shape of the second gradation region 230-2 orthographically projected on the second conductive plate 220 is also rectangular, and the second gradation region is symmetrically disposed at both side edges of the first gradation region 230-1 and smoothly connected to the first gradation region 230-1.

Optionally, when the shape of the first gradual change region 230-1 orthographically projected on the second conductive plate 220 is circular, the shape of the second gradual change region 230-2 orthographically projected on the second conductive plate 220 is circular, is disposed around the first gradual change region 230-1, and is smoothly connected to the edge of the first gradual change region 230-1.

In one embodiment, the top layer 230a of the second transition region 230-2 is a wavy surface. The wave curved surface comprises a plurality of wave crests and wave troughs which are arranged at intervals. Wherein, the thickness between the peak and the second conductive plate 220 is the first thickness of the second transition region 230-2. The thickness between the valleys and the second conductive plate 220 is the second thickness of the second transition region 230-2. The maximum thickness of the second graded region 230-2 may be understood as the maximum of the plurality of first thicknesses.

Further, the plurality of first thicknesses are all equal and equal to the maximum thickness of the first transition region 230-1.

Alternatively, the first thickness is gradually decreased from the first gradation region 230-1 to the second gradation region 230-2, and the maximum thickness of the second gradation region 230-2 is smaller than the maximum thickness of the first gradation region 230-1.

In one embodiment, the distance between two adjacent wave troughs of the wavy curved surface is smaller than the width of the first transition region 230-1, and the distance symmetrically decreases from the center O of the first transition region 230-1 to the second transition region 230-2, and the width of the first transition region 230-1 is the distance between two second transition regions 230-2.

The dielectric layer 230 of the array lens comprises a first gradient area 230-1 and a second gradient area 230-2 symmetrically arranged at the edge of the first gradient area 230-1, and the top layer 230a of the second gradient area 230-2 is a wave curved surface, the thickness gradient of the wave curved surface is similar to a fresnel function, and the wave curved surface can continuously change the equivalent refractive index, so that the convergence effect of electromagnetic wave beams is realized, and the efficiency of the lens antenna is higher.

As shown in fig. 8, in one embodiment, the dielectric layer 230 includes a plurality of dielectric layers, which are stacked in sequence, and at least two of the dielectric layers have different dielectric constants.

Alternatively, the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric layers are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased in the stacking direction.

Alternatively, the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric layers are randomly arranged in the stacking direction.

Optionally, the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric layers are the same for odd-numbered layers and the same for even-numbered layers in the stacking direction.

In one embodiment, the thicknesses of the dielectric layers may be the same or different.

In the embodiments of the present application, the number and thickness of the dielectric layers and the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer are not further limited.

In this embodiment, when the dielectric layer 230 includes a plurality of dielectric layers, the electromagnetic wave refraction path is well constrained, and the electromagnetic waves can be effectively focused by different thicknesses and dielectric constants, so as to achieve high gain.

In one embodiment, the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 is planar. When the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer is a plane, the inner side of the second conductive plate 220 is also a plane and can be closely attached to the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230.

As shown in fig. 9-11, in one embodiment, the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 may be a second smooth curved surface identical to the first smooth curved surface, and the second smooth curved surface protrudes toward the second conductive plate 220. That is, the top layer 230a and the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 have the same smooth curved surface, and the top layer 230a protrudes toward the first conductive plate 210 and the bottom layer 230b protrudes toward the second conductive plate 220.

In one embodiment, the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 may be a second smooth curved surface similar to the first smooth curved surface, and the second smooth curved surface protrudes toward the second conductive plate 220. That is, the top layer 230a and the bottom layer 230b of the dielectric layer 230 are similar smooth curved surfaces, and the top layer 230a protrudes toward the first conductive plate 210 and the bottom layer 230b protrudes toward the second conductive plate 220. The radian of the second smooth curved surface can be larger than that of the first smooth curved surface, or the radian of the second smooth curved surface can be smaller than that of the first smooth curved surface, and the radian of the first smooth curved surface and the radian of the second smooth curved surface can be set according to actual requirements. By reasonably designing the radian of the first smooth curved surface and the second smooth curved surface, the change range of the equivalent refractive index of the dielectric lens is larger, so that the medium lens is more obviously converged to improve the radiation efficiency.

As shown in fig. 12a-12b, the present application also provides a lens antenna. A lens antenna, comprising: such as the dielectric lens 20 and the array feed 30 in any of the embodiments described above. The array feed source 30 is disposed between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, and is spaced apart from the dielectric lens 20, and is configured to feed in a current signal so as to enable an electromagnetic wave signal to be incident on the dielectric lens 20, and the dielectric lens 20 is configured to implement a convergence effect on the electromagnetic wave.

In one embodiment, feed array 30 includes a plurality of feed cells 310. A plurality of feed units 310 are arranged in a line. When feeding is performed on different feed source units 310 in the feed source array 30, electromagnetic waves can be incident to the dielectric lens 20 along the third direction, and the lens antenna radiates high-gain beams with different directions, that is, different beam directions can be obtained, so that beam scanning is realized.

Further, the feed array 30 may be a centrosymmetric structure.

Placing the feed array 30 between the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220 can reduce leakage of electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed array 30, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna and simultaneously improving the structural strength of the antenna.

In one embodiment, the lens antenna further includes a protective layer (not shown) attached to the outer sides of the first conductive plate 210 and the second conductive plate 220, respectively.

In this embodiment, the lens antenna includes: the dielectric lens 20 and the array feed source 30, the top layer of the dielectric layer in the dielectric lens 20 is a first smooth curved surface, and the first smooth curved surface is a continuously-changing curved surface, namely the thickness h is continuously changed, so that the equivalent refractive index can be continuously changed, and the lens antenna efficiency is higher.

An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device including the lens antenna in any one of the above embodiments. The electronic device with the lens antenna of any of the above embodiments can be applied to receiving and transmitting 5G communication millimeter wave signals, and meanwhile, the equivalent refractive index of the lens antenna can be continuously changed, so that the lens antenna has higher efficiency.

The electronic Device may be a communication module including a Mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a Mobile Internet Device (MID), a wearable Device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), or other settable antenna.

In one embodiment, the feed array 30 includes a plurality of feed units 310, when different feed units 310 in the feed array 30 are fed, electromagnetic waves can be incident to the array lens along the third direction, and the array lens antenna radiates high-gain beams with different directions, that is, different beam directions can be obtained, so as to implement beam scanning.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the electronic device further includes a detection module 1310, a switch module 1320, and a control module 1330. The control module 1330 is connected to the detection module 1310 and the switch module 1320, respectively.

In one embodiment, the detection module 1310 may obtain the beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the lens antenna when each of the feed units 310 is in the working state. The detecting module 1310 may be further configured to detect parameters such as power of electromagnetic waves received by the lens antenna when each of the feed unit 310 is in an operating state, an electromagnetic wave Absorption ratio (SAR), or a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).

In one embodiment, a switch module 1320 is connected to the feed array 30 for selectively connecting a connection path to any one of the feed units 310. In one embodiment, the switch module 1320 may include an input connected to the control module 1330 and a plurality of outputs connected to the plurality of feed units 310 in a one-to-one correspondence. The switch module 1320 may be configured to receive a switching instruction sent by the control module 1330, so as to control on/off of each switch in the switch module 1320, and control on/off connection between the switch module 1320 and any one of the antenna feed source units 310, so that any one of the antenna feed source units 310 is in an operating (conducting) state.

In one embodiment, the control module 1330 may control the switch module 1320 according to a preset policy to enable each feeding unit to be in a working state, respectively, to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, that is, to obtain different beam directions, thereby implementing beam scanning. When any feed unit 310 is in an operating state, the detection module 1310 may obtain the beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the current lens antenna. Referring to fig. 14, a beam scanning pattern is obtained by simulation, taking 5-element feed array 30 as an example. For example, when five feed source units 310 are included in the feed source array 30, the detection module 1310 may obtain five corresponding beam signal strengths, and select the strongest beam signal strength from the five corresponding beam signal strengths, and use the feed source unit 310 corresponding to the strongest beam signal strength as the target feed source unit 310. Control module 1330 sends a switching command to control the conductive connection between switch module 1320 and target feed unit 310, so that target feed unit 310 is in an active (conductive) state.

The electronic device in this embodiment can obtain different beam directions by switching the switches to make the feed units 310 of the feed array 30 individually in a working state, thereby realizing beam scanning without a shifter and an attenuator, and greatly reducing the cost.

As shown in FIG. 15, in one embodiment, the electronic device 10 includes a plurality of lens antennas 20, and the plurality of lens antennas 20 are distributed on different sides of a frame of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device includes a plurality of lens antennas, the middle frame includes a first side 101 and a third side 103 that are opposite to each other, and a second side 102 and a fourth side 104 that are opposite to each other, the second side 102 is connected to one end of the first side 101 and the third side 103, and the fourth side 104 is connected to the other end of the first side 101 and the third side 103. At least two of the first side edge, the second side edge, the third side edge and the fourth side edge are respectively provided with a millimeter wave module.

In one embodiment, the two lens antennas are respectively arranged on two long sides of the mobile phone, so that the space on two sides of the mobile phone can be covered, and millimeter wave high-efficiency, high-gain and low-cost beam scanning of the 5G mobile phone is realized.

In one embodiment, when the number of lens antennas is 4, 4 lens antennas are respectively located on the first side 101, the second side 102, the third side 103 and the fourth side 104. When the user holds the electronic device 10 by hand, the lens antenna is shielded to cause poor signals, the lens antennas are arranged on different sides, and when the user holds the electronic device 10 transversely or vertically, the lens antenna which is not shielded exists, so that the electronic device 10 can normally transmit and receive signals.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dielectric lens, comprising:

a first conductive plate having a first conductive pattern,

a second conductive plate disposed in parallel with the first conductive plate;

the dielectric layer comprises a top layer and a bottom layer which are arranged oppositely, the top layer is attached to the first conductive plate, and the bottom layer is attached to the second conductive plate; the top layer is a first smooth curved surface, the dielectric layer comprises a first gradual change area, the first gradual change area protrudes in the direction towards the first conductive plate, and the thickness of the first gradual change area is symmetrically reduced from the center of the first gradual change area to the two side edges of the first gradual change area; the thickness is a spacing between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate; the dielectric layer is filled between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate to form a dielectric-filled metal slab waveguide, and the propagation constant is larger than the free space, so that the equivalent refractive index larger than 1 is realized.

2. A dielectric lens according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer further comprises second graded regions symmetrically disposed on both sides of and smoothly connected to the first graded region,

the top layer of the second gradual change area is a wavy curved surface, and the maximum thickness of the second gradual change area is smaller than or equal to the maximum thickness of the first gradual change area.

3. A dielectric lens according to claim 2, wherein a distance between two adjacent valleys of the wavy curved surface is smaller than a width of the first gradation region, and the distance symmetrically decreases from a center of the first gradation region to the second gradation region, and the width of the first gradation region is a space between the two second gradation regions.

4. A dielectric lens according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a plurality of dielectric layers, the plurality of dielectric layers are stacked in sequence, and dielectric constants of at least two of the dielectric layers are different.

5. A dielectric lens according to claim 1, wherein the minimum value of the thickness is zero.

6. A dielectric lens according to any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the base layer is planar.

7. A dielectric lens according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the bottom layer is a second smooth curved surface which is the same as or similar to the top layer, and the second smooth curved surface is convex toward the second conductive plate.

8. A lens antenna, comprising:

a dielectric lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7; and

9. An electronic device characterized by comprising the lens antenna according to claim 8.

10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the array feed comprises a plurality of feed units, the electronic device further comprising:

the detection module is used for acquiring the beam signal intensity of the lens antenna when each feed source unit is in a working state;

the switch module is connected with the array feed source and used for selectively conducting a connecting path with any one of the feed source units;

and the control module is respectively connected with the detection module and the switch module and is used for controlling the switch module according to the beam signal intensity so as to enable the feed source unit corresponding to the strongest beam signal intensity to be in a working state.

11. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein the lens antenna is provided in plurality, and the electronic device further comprises a middle frame, the middle frame comprises a first side edge and a third side edge which are opposite to each other, and a second side edge and a fourth side edge which are opposite to each other, the second side edge is connected to one end of the first side edge and the third side edge, and the fourth side edge is connected to the other end of the first side edge and the third side edge; at least two of the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side are respectively provided with the lens antenna.