CN115039843A - 一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料，所述饲料由以下重量份的成分组成：玉米、高粱、豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕、豆油、赖氨酸盐酸盐、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、食盐、磷酸氢钙、石粉和预混料。本发明的配方具有粗蛋白质含量低、必需氨基酸配比平衡、能量水平高、粗纤维含量适中、适口性好和消化率高的营养特点；在华南地区高温高湿季节，采用本抗热应激配方饲喂生长阶段的慢速型黄羽肉鸡，可显著增加慢速型黄羽肉鸡采食量、提高日增重，缓解因热应激导致的体温过高和呼吸频率过高，同时能降低氮排放，而且配方所用原料充分考虑慢速型黄羽肉鸡杂食性特点，降低了饲料原料的综合使用成本，经济及生态效益显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家禽配方饲料的技术领域，具体为一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料及其应用。
背景技术
随着全球变暖趋势愈发明显，热应激对现代畜牧业的冲击越来越显著。大量研究表明热应激显著降低动物采食量和生长性能，对全球畜牧业带来巨大而持续的经济损失。热应激导致的生长性能下降是对动物采食量、消化率、吸收率、营养代谢综合影响的结果。
黄羽肉鸡为我国优势地方品种，其中慢速型黄羽肉鸡的生产销售绝大部分集中在华南地区，而且出栏较慢，一般超过100天，有更丰富的风味物质沉积，多为中高档禽肉消费品。然而慢速型黄羽肉鸡更长的饲养周期和华南地区高温高湿环境，更容易使之遭受热应激，从而给对黄羽肉鸡产业造成严重的经济损失。
进一步的，黄羽肉鸡的营养需要量和饲料原料营养数据库研究明显落后于白羽肉鸡，在制作黄羽肉鸡饲料配方时，大量数据仍然参考白羽肉鸡。然而，白羽肉鸡生长更快，蛋白质每日需要量显著高于黄羽肉鸡。相比碳水化合物和脂肪，蛋白质的食物热效应最强，因此过高的日粮配方蛋白质水平不利于华南地区热应激饲养环境。但是日粮蛋白质水平不能盲目降低，否则会显著影响生产性能，造成的经济损失反而得不偿失。日粮蛋白质水平的降低和氨基酸的平衡需要有一定的科学依据和基础。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，本发明旨在于提供一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料及其应用，慢速型黄羽肉鸡抗热应激日粮配方，能有效缓解华南地区慢速型黄羽肉鸡饲养的热应激导致的经济损失。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料，所述饲料由以下重量份的成分组成：
玉米48.33份、高粱30份、豆粕10份、菜籽粕2.5份、棉籽粕 2.5份、豆油1.5份、赖氨酸盐酸盐0.34份、蛋氨酸0.15份、苏氨酸0.11份、异亮氨酸0.07份、食盐0.2份、磷酸氢钙2.1份、石粉 1.2份和预混料1份。
需要说明的是，所述预混料由以下重量份的成分组成：
多维2.4份、多矿10份、小苏打15份、50％氯化胆碱15份、克氧1.5份、防霉剂10份和次粉46.1。
本发明还提供一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料的应用，所述饲料用于慢速型黄羽肉鸡的日粮喂养。
本发明有益效果在于，本发明的配方具有粗蛋白质含量低、必需氨基酸配比平衡、能量水平高、粗纤维含量适中、适口性好和消化率高的营养特点；在华南地区高温高湿季节，采用本抗热应激配方饲喂生长阶段的慢速型黄羽肉鸡，可显著增加慢速型黄羽肉鸡采食量、提高日增重，缓解因热应激导致的体温过高和呼吸频率过高，同时能降低氮排放，而且配方所用原料充分考虑慢速型黄羽肉鸡杂食性特点，降低了饲料原料的综合使用成本，经济及生态效益显著。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明为一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料，所述饲料由以下重量份的成分组成：
玉米48.33份、高粱30份、豆粕10份、菜籽粕2.5份、棉籽粕 2.5份、豆油1.5份、赖氨酸盐酸盐0.34份、蛋氨酸0.15份、苏氨酸0.11份、异亮氨酸0.07份、食盐0.2份、磷酸氢钙2.1份、石粉 1.2份和预混料1份。
进一步的，本发明的所述预混料由以下重量份的成分组成：
多维2.4份、多矿10份、小苏打15份、50％氯化胆碱15份、克氧1.5份、防霉剂10份和次粉46.1。
本发明还提供一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料的应用，所述饲料用于慢速型黄羽肉鸡的日粮喂养。
实施例1
本发明将通过以下对照试验进步一证实本发明的配方的有效性。
试验评估70-100日龄慢速型黄羽肉鸡(清远麻鸡母鸡)抗热应激日粮对缓解热应激的影响。选用同一批次体重接近(800g左右) 的70日龄清远麻鸡母鸡，试验2×2双因子设计，分为日粮因子(对照组日粮，抗热应激日粮)和环境因子(适温25℃，热应激35℃)，共720只鸡，每个处理6个重复，每个重复30只鸡。环境湿度控制在60-75％。试验持续1个月，以试验重复为单位记录70日龄初始重 (空腹12h)和100日龄末重(空腹12h)，并记录1个月试验期采食量，计算平均日采食量(ADFI，g/d)、平均日增重(ADG，g/d) 和料重比(F/G)。每个试验重复标记2只体重位于中位数的鸡用于测定每日中午直肠温度和呼吸频率，试验结果见下表。
需要指出的是，表中数据为平均数±标准差。
通过上述的试验，结果显示热应激显著提高了肉鸡中午直肠温度和呼吸频率，说明热应激模型有效，在热应激环境下，肉鸡平均日增重和饲料转化效率(料重比倒数)显著下降。
进一步的，相比对照组，热应激环境下饲喂抗热应激日粮能有效缓解肉鸡过高的直肠温度和呼吸频率，说明抗热应激日粮能有效缓解生理应激。同时，相比对照组，热应激环境下饲喂抗热应激日粮能显著提高采食量，平均日增重和饲料转化效率也得到一定程度优化，进一步说明抗热应激日粮能有效缓解热应激对生产性能的不利影响，进而减少热应激带来的经济损失。
此外，通过互作效应检测发现，抗热应激日粮在热应激环境下对生产性能的促进作用优于适温环境的效果。由此可见，热应激条件下，抗热应激日粮能有效缓解肉鸡的生理应激并且缓解热应激带来的生产性能下降，减少经济损失。
对于本领域的技术人员来说，可以根据以上的技术方案和构思，给出各种相应的改变，而所有的这些改变，都应该包括在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料由以下重量份的成分组成：
玉米48.33份、高粱30份、豆粕10份、菜籽粕2.5份、棉籽粕2.5份、豆油1.5份、赖氨酸盐酸盐0.34份、蛋氨酸0.15份、苏氨酸0.11份、异亮氨酸0.07份、食盐0.2份、磷酸氢钙2.1份、石粉1.2份和预混料1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料，其特征在于，所述预混料由以下重量份的成分组成：
多维2.4份、多矿10份、小苏打15份、50％氯化胆碱15份、克氧1.5份、防霉剂10份和次粉46.1。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的黄羽肉鸡的抗热应激饲料的应用，其特征在于，所述饲料用于慢速型黄羽肉鸡的日粮喂养。
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