CN114985723A - 锑铋合金材料及其制备方法和在钠二次电池负极中的应用 - Google Patents
锑铋合金材料及其制备方法和在钠二次电池负极中的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114985723A CN114985723A CN202210618341.XA CN202210618341A CN114985723A CN 114985723 A CN114985723 A CN 114985723A CN 202210618341 A CN202210618341 A CN 202210618341A CN 114985723 A CN114985723 A CN 114985723A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antimony
- bismuth
- sodium
- alloy material
- bismuth alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- PEEDYJQEMCKDDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony bismuth Chemical compound [Sb].[Bi] PEEDYJQEMCKDDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMVMBTZRIMAUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Na+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZMVMBTZRIMAUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BNBLBRISEAQIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O BNBLBRISEAQIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016312 BiSb Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006173 Good's buffer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;trinitrate;pentahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.[Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219977 Vigna Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/0547—Nanofibres or nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/062—Fibrous particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
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- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了锑铋合金材料及其制备方法和在钠二次电池负极中的应用,所述材料由碳包覆合金化金属铋和金属锑组成,其中金属铋和金属锑嵌入一维碳纳米纤维中形成碳包覆铋锑合金的纤维状结构;所述碳源为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。本发明所述合金材料独特的嵌入结构为有效释放铋锑合金嵌/脱钠过程体积变化引起的机械应力提供了良好的缓冲基质,并能有效抑止BiSb纳米合金粒子的团聚。根据本发明复合材料制备的钠离子二次电池负极表现出良好的循环稳定性与倍率性能以及较高的首次库仑效率,通过电化学阻抗谱与循环伏安特性曲线测量,所构造的BiSb钠离子电池负极呈现较小阻抗与较高的扩散动力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料化学技术领域,涉及一种电池负极新材料,具体为锑铋合金材料及其制备方法和在钠二次电池负极中的应用。
背景技术
钠离子电池相比较于锂离子电池具有以下几方面优势:①资源丰富。在海水中含有大量的钠资源;②低成本。钠盐价格仅为锂盐价格的二十分之一,制造钠离子电池的成本相对于锂离子电池成本将会大幅度降低;③钠电极比锂离子电池工作电势高~300mV,相较锂离子电池更安全。由于Na+(原子半径为)比Li+(原子半径为)大,使得锂离子电池的许多负极材料在钠离子电池中表现出较差的电化学性能,因此寻求比容量大、稳定性好、倍率性能高的钠离子电池新型负极材料具有重要意义。
合金类材料是钠离子电池负极材料中很有竞争力的一类材料,具有导电性好、理论容量高的特点,但是其充放电过程中体积变化大(300~400%),材料易碎易裂、易从集流体脱落,从而造成电极容量的快速衰减。因此体积膨胀控制及形貌和颗粒尺寸控制非常关键。如:锡作为一种钠离子电池负极材料,其具有较高的理论容量847mAh g-1(Na3.75Sn),是一种优良的电极材料,但是其嵌钠过程发生大的体积膨胀~420%,产生巨大的体积变化,导致电极活性材料与集流体的断裂,使电极活性材料与集流体失去电接触,导致电极比容量的快速衰减。此外,铋是作为钠离子电池负极材料合金型元素之一,其理论容量为385mAhg-1,Na3Bi全钠化相的体积膨胀比为350%。因此,在嵌钠-脱钠反应过程中,锡、铋电极势必因较大应力而发生粉化,导致电池的电化学性能快速衰退。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:为了克服现有技术的不足,解决钠离子二次电池在嵌钠-脱钠反应过程中负极因较大的应力而发生体积变化,而出现负极材料易碎易裂、易从集流体脱落的现象,造成电极容量快速衰减;鉴于此,本发明提供了锑铋合金材料及其制备方法和在钠二次电池负极中的应用。
技术方案:在本发明的前期试验过程中,发现锑化铋(BiSb)化合物电极形成的固溶体比Bi单一电极和Sb单一电极具有更好的循环稳定性。基于以上发现,得出以下技术方案:
锑铋合金材料,所述材料由碳源包覆合金化金属铋和金属锑组成,其中金属铋和金属锑嵌入一维碳纳米纤维中形成碳包覆铋锑合金的纤维状结构;所述碳源为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
以上所述的锑铋合金材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)加入N-N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-N-二甲基乙酰胺中搅拌,充分溶解,持续搅拌至溶液透明,得到纺丝溶液A溶液;
S2、将铋金属盐和锑金属盐分批次溶于A溶液,搅拌溶解,然后再加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚丙烯腈,持续搅拌,充分溶解后得到混合纺丝溶液;
S3、利用单喷嘴静电纺丝针头对混合纺丝溶液进行静电纺丝处理,静电纺丝的温度为30℃~50℃,湿度为15%~40%,正电压为15~30kV,负电压为-3~-1kV,纺丝后对所得到样品进行碳化,制备得到具有纳米纤维结构的锑铋合金材料。
优选的,S1中每10mL的N-N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-N-二甲基乙酰胺中添加0.3~0.5g的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
优选的,S2中每10mL溶液中添加0.1~1g的金属盐、0.8~1.0g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;其中,金属盐为Sb、Bi的盐酸盐或硝酸盐。进一步的,盐酸盐或硝酸盐原料选择五水合硝酸铋、氯化铋和氯化锑。
优选的,S3中单喷嘴静电纺丝推注速度范围为0.01mm/min~0.1mm/min。
优选的,S3中碳化的具体过程为:在通有含5%体积分数H2的氩氢混合气体的管式炉中,首先在100~200℃温度下加热1~2h,其中室温~200℃的升温速率控制在1~2℃/min,将材料丝状形貌进行定型,然后控制升温速率为4~6℃/min,在550~1000℃温度下保温2~4h。
以上所述的锑铋合金材料在制备钠离子二次电池负极中的应用。
优选的,按质量百分比计,所述负极包括锑铋合金材料50~90wt%、导电剂0.1~40wt%、粘结剂0.1~40wt%;其中,导电剂为炭黑、乙炔黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的至少一种;粘结剂为海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚四氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚偏二氟乙烯、氟化橡胶、聚胺酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯中的至少一种。
优选的,所述钠离子二次电池包括由锑铋合金材料制备获得的负极、正极、隔膜和电解液;其中,正极为钴酸钠、锰酸钠、磷酸钒钠或钠的金属氧化物中的任一种;隔膜包括聚乙烯微孔膜、聚丙烯膜、聚丙烯聚乙烯双层或三层复合膜及其陶瓷涂覆层隔膜中的任一种;电解液包含电解质和溶剂;电解质为NaPF6、NaClO4、NaCF3SO3、NaCl、NaBr或NaI中的至少一种;溶剂包括碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二乙酯或乙酸乙酯、醚、氟代醚和碳酸酯共溶剂中的至少一种。
本发明所述锑铋合金材料组分构成的原理在于:本发明采用的两种金属元素及碳源都是高导电性的材料,锑铋合金的首次库仑效率较高;锑铋合金镶嵌在非晶碳纳米纤维内部,从而形成了独特的碳包覆合金的一维纤维结构,碳纤维可以缓冲锑铋合金在其嵌钠脱钠过程中的体积膨胀,多孔结构为合金材料的体积变化提供了缓冲空间,为电极的结构稳定性提供保障。
本发明所述锑铋合金材料制备方法的原理在于:由于铋(熔点:271℃)与锑(熔点:630℃)两物质的熔点温差大,用传统的机械合金法或金属固熔法很难合成化学组分可调、形貌可控的纳米合金材料。本发明中采用Bi,Sb的各种易溶的无机盐,通过静电纺丝结合碳化还原,可制备出纤维状的由多孔碳包覆的BiSb纳米粒子,其材料的化学组分连续可调形貌可控,且制备过程简单易控。
本发明的创新性在于:1)针对现有的钠离子负极材料存在比容量低、嵌钠/脱钠过程中体积变化大,结构易破坏问题,设计与构筑了新型的BiSb纳米纤维状材料;2)纳米BiSb与多孔碳纤维形成有效包覆,其中多孔纤维状结构利用于钠离子的扩散与迁移,缓解与释放材料嵌钠过程的应力,保持电极结构稳定性;3)碳材料较好的导电性进一步提高复合材料的导电性,增强复合材料BiSb@Pc的电化学活性;4)结合本实验的制备原理,与调控出组分可变的BixSby纳米合金材料,同时碳纤维的质量百分数可调;5)本发明创新性地提出将铋、锑、多孔碳纤维放在了一个复合体系中进行研究,充分发挥三者的优势。
有益效果:采用上述的锑铋合金复合材料来制备用于二次电池的负极,通过替代传统电极中的石墨,形成碳包覆的一维纤维结构,与导电剂和粘结剂之间产生了良好的协同作用,提高了材料的理论比容量以及循环稳定性。与现有技术相比,本发明的显著优点在于:(1)本发明针对现有技术中合金类负极材料存在循环过程中体积膨胀,结构易破坏,循环稳定性差等问题,设计与构筑出具有非晶碳纤维包覆合金的一维结构的锑铋合金复合材料,充分发挥纳米金属与纤维结构二者的优点,产生良好的协同作用,以该复合材料做钠离子电池的负极材料,表现出良好的循环稳定性,通过电化学阻抗谱测试,复合材料的阻抗明显较小,所制备的材料具有优异的储钠性能;(2)本发明所采用的静电纺丝法是一种简单可行、可产业化的纳米材料合成方法,可以制备一维纤维状的锑铋合金嵌入碳纤维的复合结构,实现锑铋合金与碳材料的有效复合,提高复合材料的循环稳定性与充放电的倍率性能,有利于新型复合材料在储能领域的产业化。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料的扫描电子显微镜图(SEM),其中,左图为1μm标尺下的SEM图,右图为300nm标尺下的SEM图;
图2为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料的X射线衍射图谱(XRD);
图3为本发明制备的实施例1样品组装半电池的电化学阻抗谱图;
图4为本发明实施例1样品组装半电池的充放电曲线;
图5为本发明制备的实施例1样品组装半电池的循环测试曲线;
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
将1g的PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)加入20mL的DMF(N-N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,进行搅拌溶解,充分搅拌24h后形成溶液A;
先将2mmol五水合硝酸铋(BiH10N3O14)和2mmol三氯化锑(SbCl3)溶于溶液A中,然后再将1.6g PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)加入该溶液中,进行搅拌溶解24h,充分溶解,搅拌均匀后形成合金化纺丝溶液;
将合金化纺丝溶液进行静电纺丝,使用型号为17G的针头;设置实验温度范围为40℃,实验湿度范围为30%~40%;正电压17kV,负电压-3kV;纺丝推注速度范围为0.06mm/min;得到目标材料后,将样品放置50℃烘箱中干燥一晚上,然后进行碳化处理,首先将样品放置于通有氢氩混合气体(5%氢气)的管式炉中,在100℃温度下在空气中加热1h,将样品的形貌进行定型,以1℃/min升温到300℃,再将升温速率控制在5℃/min,然后在550℃温度下保持2小时,待自然降温到室温以后,将得到的固体粉末取出得到合金化复合材料BiSb。
图1是合成的复合材料的扫描电子显微镜测试结果,由图可知,所获得的复合材料均呈纤维状,通过不同的放大倍率下样品形貌的比较,可发现合成的样品呈现类豆角纤维状。
如图2所示,将制备的材料通过X射线粉末衍射进行检测,与标准卡对比可知,BiSb的衍射峰分别位于27.9°、38.9°和40.7°,这种峰偏移表明了合金的形成,因为Bi和Sb具有相同的晶体结构。由于较大的Bi原子被较小的Sb原子取代,Bi晶格发生了收缩,导致BiSb合金的衍射峰向较低的角度微移。
将实施例1中的复合材料进行电化学表征:
取实施例1制备的BiSb合金复合材料、乙炔黑和海藻酸钠制备负极,具体包括70wt%的BiSb、15wt%的乙炔黑和15wt%的海藻酸钠,均匀分散在去离子水中形成浆料,将浆料均匀涂在铜箔上,放入50℃烘箱中烘干。然后将上述涂好活性物质的电极片裁成小圆片,测试电池采用的是常规的纽扣电池,以钠箔为对电极,NaPF6的有机溶液为电解液,在标准手套箱中装配形成二次电池。
将实施例1的材料组成的电池进行阻抗测试,从图3可以看出,实施例1具有非常小的阻抗,说明BiSb合金电极的电子扩散和电荷转移的初始电阻很小,从而使BiSb电极具有较好的速率性能
将实施例1的材料组成的电池进行循环充放电测试,其结果参见图4,可以看出,实施例1的首次库伦效率可以达到76.3%,说明了具有BiSb复合成分负极材料的样品具有良好的容量保持性,这主要归功于BiSb合金被碳包覆的一维纤维结构,为活性物质提供充足的体积变化空间,能够有效的进行伸展、收缩以适应上述活性材料在充放电过程中的体积变化,以及BiSb合金良好的导电性。
将实施例1的材料组成的电池进行循环测试,其结果参见图5,可以看出,在有较高的首次库伦效率下,在后续循环过程中,容量下降缓慢,可逆容量较高,这主要是因为材料的组成结构能够较好的抑制BiSb合金在充放电过程中的体积膨胀和粉碎效应,从而说明纳米级BiSb合金嵌入非晶碳纳米纤维构成的一维结构具有良好的电化学性能。
Claims (9)
1.锑铋合金材料,其特征在于,所述材料由碳源包覆合金化金属铋和金属锑组成,其中金属铋和金属锑嵌入一维碳纳米纤维中形成碳包覆铋锑合金的纤维状结构;所述碳源为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
2.权利要求1所述的锑铋合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入N-N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-N-二甲基乙酰胺中搅拌,充分溶解,持续搅拌至溶液透明,得到纺丝溶液A溶液;
S2、将铋金属盐和锑金属盐分批次溶于A溶液,搅拌溶解,然后再加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚丙烯腈,持续搅拌,充分溶解后得到混合纺丝溶液;
S3、利用单喷嘴静电纺丝针头对混合纺丝溶液进行静电纺丝处理,静电纺丝的温度为30℃~50℃,湿度为15%~40%,正电压为15~30kV,负电压为-3~-1kV,纺丝后对所得到样品进行碳化,制备得到具有纳米纤维结构的锑铋合金材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锑铋合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中每10mL的N-N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-N-二甲基乙酰胺中添加0.3~0.5g的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的锑铋合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中每10mL溶液中添加0.1~1g的金属盐、0.8~1.0g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;其中,金属盐为Sb、Bi的盐酸盐或硝酸盐。
5.根据权利要求2所述的锑铋合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中单喷嘴静电纺丝推注速度范围为0.01mm/min~0.1mm/min。
6.根据权利要求2所述的锑铋合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中碳化的具体过程为:在通有含5%体积分数H2的氩氢混合气体的管式炉中,首先在100~200℃温度下加热1~2h,其中室温~200℃的升温速率控制在1~2℃/min,将材料丝状形貌进行定型,然后控制升温速率为4~6℃/min,在550~1000℃温度下保温2~4h。
7.权利要求1所述的锑铋合金材料在制备钠离子二次电池负极中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,所述负极包括锑铋合金材料50~90wt%、导电剂0.1~40wt%、粘结剂0.1~40wt%;其中,导电剂为炭黑、乙炔黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的至少一种;粘结剂为海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、聚四氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚偏二氟乙烯、氟化橡胶、聚胺酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述钠离子二次电池包括由锑铋合金材料制备获得的负极、正极、隔膜和电解液;其中,正极为钴酸钠、锰酸钠、磷酸钒钠或钠的金属氧化物中的任一种;隔膜包括聚乙烯微孔膜、聚丙烯膜、聚丙烯聚乙烯双层或三层复合膜及其陶瓷涂覆层隔膜中的任一种;电解液包含电解质和溶剂;电解质为NaPF6、NaClO4、NaCF3SO3、NaCl、NaBr或NaI中的至少一种;溶剂包括碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二乙酯或乙酸乙酯、醚、氟代醚和碳酸酯共溶剂中的至少一种。
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