CN114984146A - 一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法及其质量控制方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法及其质量控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法及其质量控制方法,该制备方法包括以下步骤:取荆芥、鱼腥草、前胡、苦杏仁、浙贝母、僵蚕、甘草、芦根、化橘红(3:15:8:10:10:10:3:12:5)共9味饮片,76 g,加10倍量水,煎煮三次,每次1.5h,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩,纯化,加入康甜素,调节pH至5.0‑5.5,定容至60 ml,灭菌,分装,即得。本发明的制备方法简单、成本低,便于服用、易于分剂量且口感好;同时,建立相应的质量控制方法,该方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,检测结果稳定,可有效控制三拗汤加减方合剂的质量,保证药物疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药用品技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法及其质量控制方法。
背景技术
风热犯肺证指外感风热或风寒郁久化热,致肺气宣降失常,肺卫受病所表现证候。其症状主要为恶寒轻,发热重,咳嗽,咳痰黄稠,不易咳出,舌红脉浮数;或咽痛,鼻流浊涕,口干欲饮重者气喘鼻煽,烦躁不安等。中医学认为小儿形气未充,肌肤柔弱,卫外功能较差,加之小儿寒暖不知自调,一旦调护失宜或气候骤变,则外邪极易侵及肺,致使宣降失常,多表现为风热犯肺证。该证常见于感冒、咳嗽、哮喘、失音,以及现代医学的急慢性支气管炎等疾病。西医主要采用抗病毒药物与抗生素进行抗感染治疗,但由于目前针对该证的特异性抗病毒药物种类较少,加之临床上抗生素的不合理应用使得病原菌产生耐药性,易引起多种过敏及毒副反应,造成患儿免疫力低下,故在治疗时常难以达到预期疗效。针对该证,中医认为宜采用疏风泄热,辛凉解表的药物。中医药治疗在改善临床症状、缩短病程方面具有较大优势,而且还能提高患儿的整体免疫力,实现标本兼治,具有较高的安全性。因此,寻求一种既能发挥中医特色又大众化的,治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂是客观需要。
而本发明具体涉及的中药复方为三拗汤加减方,系临床经验方,是根据经典名方“三拗汤”加减衍化而来,由甘草、荆芥、苦杏仁、芦根、鱼腥草、前胡、蜜麸僵蚕、浙贝母、化橘红共九味药组成。方中甘草、荆芥和苦杏仁共为君药,具有润肺下气、止咳化痰的作用;浙贝母清热化痰、前胡降气化痰、鱼腥草清热解毒、芦根清热生津共为臣药;化橘红理气宽中,燥湿化痰,僵蚕化痰散结共为佐药;甘草又可调和诸药为使药,九味药配合共起清热解毒、止咳平喘作用。该方经多年临床实践,证实对小儿咳嗽、哮喘等症状为主要表现的风热犯肺证具有显著疗效。处方为:荆芥3份,鱼腥草15份,前胡8份,苦杏仁10 份,浙贝母10 份,蜜麸僵蚕10 份,甘草3 份,芦根12份,化橘红5份。制法为:以上9味药材,加水煎煮2次,每次30min,合并水煎液即得。原方汤剂内服疗效较好,该汤剂味苦,需要煎煮两次合并煎煮液服用,服用量大且不方便,考虑到本方主要的适用人群为儿童,患者依从性较差。此外,该汤剂涉及药材较多,质量不易控制。因此,开发出一种工艺简单、成本低,便于服用、易于分剂量且口感好,用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药液体制剂,是目前急需的。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术的不足,提供了一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法,该制备方法简单、成本低,便于服用、易于分剂量且口感好;同时,还提供了一种该中药合剂的质量控制方法,该方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,检测结果稳定,可有效控制三拗汤加减方合剂的质量,保证药物疗效。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:取荆芥、鱼腥草、前胡、苦杏仁、浙贝母、僵蚕、甘草、芦根、化橘红(3:15:8:10:10:10:3:12:5)共9味饮片,76 g,加10倍量水,煎煮三次,每次1.5h,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩,纯化,加入康甜素,调节pH至5.0-5.5,定容至60 ml,灭菌,分装,即得。
一种上述中药合剂的质量控制方法,包括以下步骤:采用薄层色谱法对甘草、荆芥、化橘红、浙贝母4味中药进行定性鉴别,通过HPLC法对甘草酸、苦杏仁苷、胡薄荷酮、甘草苷进行定量检测,同时对本品的指纹图谱进行分析。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的制备方法简单、成本低,便于服用、易于分剂量且口感好;同时,建立相应的质量控制方法,该方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,检测结果稳定,可有效控制三拗汤加减方合剂的质量,保证药物疗效。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施例反映提取次数和料液比交互作用的示意图;
图2为本发明具体实施例反映提取时间和料液比交互作用的示意图;
图3为本发明具体实施例反映提取时间和提取次数交互作用的示意图;
图4为本发明具体实施例反映甘草薄层色谱鉴别图;
图5为本发明具体实施例反映化橘红薄层色谱鉴别图;
图6为本发明具体实施例反映荆芥薄层色谱鉴别图;
图7为本发明具体实施例反映浙贝母薄层色谱鉴别图;
图8为本发明具体实施例反映10批三拗汤加减方合剂HPLC指纹图谱;
图9为本发明具体实施例反映三拗汤加减方合剂HPLC指纹图谱;
图10为本发明具体实施例反映不同波长下混合对照品色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:取荆芥、鱼腥草、前胡、苦杏仁、浙贝母、僵蚕、甘草、芦根、化橘红(3:15:8:10:10:10:3:12:5)共9味饮片,76 g,加10倍量水,煎煮三次,每次1.5h,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩,纯化,加入康甜素,调节pH至5.0-5.5,定容至60 ml,灭菌,分装,即得。
而关于上述制备方法的研究包括以下:
一、提取工艺研究
1. 药材
复方涉及荆芥、鱼腥草、前胡、苦杏仁、浙贝母、僵蚕、甘草、芦根、化橘红(3:15:8:10:10:10:3:12:5),共9味药材。
2. 指标成分含量测定
本项目以复方中君药(甘草、荆芥和苦杏仁)对应的主要成分为提取工艺研究的指标成分(苦杏仁苷、甘草苷、甘草酸、胡薄荷酮)。
2.1对照品溶液配制
称取干燥苦杏仁苷5.03mg、甘草酸5.01mg、甘草苷5.02mg和胡薄荷酮7.73mg,用70%甲醇溶解后,定容至10mL棕色容量瓶,得到0.503mg/L的苦杏仁苷对照品溶液,0.501mg/L的甘草酸对照品溶液,0.502mg/L的甘草苷对照品溶液,0.773mg/L的胡薄荷酮对照品溶液。
2.2 色谱条件
色谱条件与系统适应性试验以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以每100ml水中含0.1ml磷酸为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,二元梯度洗脱;梯度洗脱顺序为:0~5 min,97%A;5~17 min,97→85%A;17~21min,85A%;21~27 min,85→79A%;27~36min,79A%;36~56min,79→55A%;56~72min,55→35A%;72~82min,35→5A%;82~87min,5A%;87~89min,5→97A%;89~95min,97A%。柱温:35℃;流速:0.8 mL / min;检测波长:207 nm,237 nm,252 nm。
2.3标准曲线建立
分别精密吸取上述苦杏仁苷、甘草酸、甘草苷、胡薄荷酮不同梯度浓度的对照品溶液,按照色谱条件通过HPLC法测定。以各成分浓度为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标进行线性回归,建立标准曲线如表3所示。各成分的标准曲线在对应的线性范围内均线性良好。
表3 三拗汤加减方中4个指标成分的标准曲线
成分 | 标准曲线 | 线性范围mg/mL | R2 |
苦杏仁苷 | Y = 145.72X - 3.6044 | 0.085 ~ 4.26 | 0.9999 |
甘草苷 | Y = 376.22X + 0.5248 | 0.020 ~ 0.501 | 0.9999 |
甘草酸 | Y= 177.88 X- 0.1711 | 0.021 ~ 0.522 | 0.9999 |
胡薄荷酮 | Y = 516.4X- 1.1588 | 0.0077 ~0.1546 | 0.9983 |
3. 浸膏得率的测定
精密吸取各待测样品提取液10mL于恒重的蒸发皿中,低温干燥,至重量不再减少,再置于干燥器中冷却30min,精密称定质量,按照公式(1)计算浸膏得率。
浸膏得率(%)=M1/ M0×100% (1)
M1=(干膏质量×样品浓缩液体积)/10
M0=药材总质量
4. 信息熵法对数据综合分析
采取信息熵法综合评价方法对各成分含量进行综合指标评价,依据文献给出的步骤,在一个评价指标系统中,假设有m个评价对象,n个评价指标,建立原始评价指标矩阵(Xij)mn,将原始数据阵根据公式(2)转化为概率矩阵(Pij)mn,其中Pij表示第j个试验在第i个评价指标下的“概率”。再根据公式(3)和公式(4)计算各指标的Hi(第i个评价指标的信息熵)和权重系数Wi(第i个评价指标的权重系数),计算综合指标M。
5. 正交试验
5.1正交试验设计
本试验以液料比(A),提取次数(B),提取时间(C)为考察因素,以苦杏仁苷、甘草苷、甘草酸、胡薄荷酮的提取率及浸膏得率为综合评价指标(M),选用L9(34)正交表进行试验,以探讨三拗汤加减方的最佳提取条件,试验设计参考表1。
表1正交因素水平设置
5.2 权重系数计算
根据4项下所给的步骤,建立原始评价指标矩阵。原始评价矩阵如下:
根据信息熵公式计算原始矩阵中信息的概率,满足0≤Pi≤1,将原始数据阵转化为概率矩阵P。
计算各项指标的信息熵(Hi),得到评价指标的Hi。
Hi =[ 0.9947、0.9747、0.9786、0.9856、0.9914 ]
计算第i项指标的系数(Wi)。
Wi =[ 0.0707、0.3373、0.2853、0.1920、0.1147 ]
对于一个m行n列的概率矩阵,综合评价指标Mm=P1m×W1+P2m×W2+P3m×W3+…Pnm×Wn。即苦杏仁苷、甘草苷、甘草酸、胡薄荷酮的提取率及浸膏得率各指标的权重系数依次为0.0707、0.3373、0.2853、0.1920、0.1147。
5.3 正交实验结果
采用信息熵法对指标进行权重分析,结果如表2所示。
表2正交实验结果
进一步,采用SPSS19.0软件进行方法分析,结果如表5所示,可以得知各因素对综合指标的影响作用大小为B>A>C,即提取次数>液料比>提取时间。由表3方差分析结果可得,提取次数具有显著性差异,料液比和提取时间对综合指标的影响不显著。通过对正交试验的分析可以得出最佳提取工艺为A2B3C2,即液料比10:1,回流提取3次,每次1.5h。
表3方差分析
方差来源 | 离差平方和 | 自由度 | F值 | 显著度 |
A | 3.47×10-4 | 2 | 1.087 | |
B | 6.90×10-3 | 2 | 21.647 | P<0.05 |
C | 1.93×10-4 | 2 | 0.605 | |
误差 | 3.19×10-4 | 2 |
6. 响应面试验
6.1 响应面试验设计
采用Design Expert 10软件,选取液料比(A)、提取次数(B)和提取时间(C)为变量,以干膏提取率、苦杏仁苷、胡薄荷酮、甘草苷和甘草酸含量为响应值,运用Box-behnken模型设计3因素3水平16个试验点的响应面分析试验,试验设计参考表4。
表4响应面试验因素水平
水平 | A液料比/g·mL-1 | B提取次数/次 | C提取时间/h |
-1 | 8:1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 10:1 | 2 | 1.5 |
1 | 12:1 | 3 | 2 |
6.2权重系数计算
采取多指标信息熵法综合评价方法对各成分含量进行综合指标评价,依据文献给出的步骤,建立原始评价指标矩阵(X)如下。
计算Pij,将原始矩阵转换为“概率”矩阵(P)
计算各项指标的信息熵(Hi),得到评价指标的Hi。
Hi =[0.9967、0.9856、0.9842、0.9883、0.9953]
计算第i项指标的系数(Wi)。
Wi =[0.0657、0.2884、0.3175、0.2346、0.0938]
对于一个m行n列的概率矩阵,综合评价指标M=P1m×W1+P2m×W2+P3m×W3+…Pnm×Wn。即苦杏仁苷、甘草苷、甘草酸、胡薄荷酮的提取率及浸膏得率各指标的权重系数依次为0.0657、0.2884、0.3175、0.2346、0.0938。
6.3结果
采用信息熵法对指标进行权重分析,结果如表5所示。
表5响应面实验结果
采用Design-Expert 12响应面分析软件对表5中的17组试验综合评价结果进行分析,二元回归方程为: Y = 0.0671 + 0.0069 A-0.0146 B + 0.0039 C + 0.0014 AB-0.0023 AC + 0.002 BC-0.0073 A2-0.0101 B2 + 0.0004 C2。通过表6方差分析结果可得,模型具有显著性差异(P<0.01)具有统计学意义,失拟修正项不显著(P>0.05)模型预测性良好。B提取次数(P<0.05)具有显著性差异,A料液比和C提取时间对综合指标的影响不显著。并且通过F值可知,各因素对综合指标的影响作用大小为B>A>C,即提取次数>料液比>提取时间。
表6方差分析
变异来源 | 平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F值 | P值 |
模型 | 0.0029 | 9 | 0.0003 | 4.67 | 0.0272 |
A | 0.0004 | 1 | 0.0004 | 5.53 | 0.0509 |
B | 0.0017 | 1 | 0.0017 | 24.34 | 0.0017 |
C | 0.0001 | 1 | 0.0001 | 1.74 | 0.2283 |
AB | 7.562×10-6 | 1 | 7.562×10-6 | 0.1083 | 0.7517 |
AC | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.3097 | 0.5952 |
BC | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.2349 | 0.6427 |
A2 | 0.0002 | 1 | 0.0002 | 3.17 | 0.1181 |
B2 | 0.0004 | 1 | 0.0004 | 6.09 | 0.0429 |
C2 | 6.653×10-6 | 1 | 6.653×10-6 | 0.0095 | 0.925 |
残差 | 0.0005 | 7 | 0.0001 | ||
失拟修正 | 0.0002 | 3 | 0.0001 | 0.92 | 0.5076 |
误差 | 0.0003 | 4 | 0.0001 | ||
总误差 | 0.0034 | 16 |
采用Design-Expert 12软件,分别以料液比(A)、提取次数(B)、提取时间(C)为响应因子,以综合指标为响应值,绘制响应面图。通过响应面和等高线可以直观的分析因素的交互作用对总皂苷含量的影响。在响应面图中,曲面表现越陡峭,则该影响因素对综合评价的影响越大,根据图1、图2、图3可知,提取次数曲面较陡,因此对综合评价的影响较大;料液比和提取时间曲面较平缓,因此影响较小。图1反映提取次数和料液比的交互作用对工艺的影响对虽然不显著,但相对较强。图2反映提取时间和料液比交互作用的倾斜率小,曲线较平滑,所以水提工艺结果受料液比和提取时间的交互影响最小。图3反映提取次数和提取时间交互作用对水提工艺优化效果不显著,但是提取次数的影响相对显著,对应了回归分析的结果(B2=0.0429)。综上所述,提取次数对综合评价的影响最大。
综上,通过Design-Expert 12软件对响应面试验的分析可以得出最优提取工艺为料液比11.445:1,回流提取2.875次,每次2h,并且此时的综合评价为0.082。为了应用于实际操作,故选用工艺为料液比11:1,回流提取3次,每次2h。
7. 最佳提取工艺确定
综合两种试验方法,我们得到的结果如下:正交试验法所得到的最优提取方案为液料比10:1,回流提取3次,每次1.5h;响应面法所得到的最优提取方案为液料比11:1,回流提取3次,每次2h。相比较两个提取方案,物料消耗差别不大,但由于正交试验方案的有效成分含量较响应面试验的大,且最优提取工艺也较响应面试验的简单,更适合于实际生产制备;同时,需考虑实际资金和时间,使能够大大地缩小实验次数、缩短时间和削减成本,即拥有效果好、快捷、省钱便利的优化设计方案,故最终提取工艺为料液比10:1,回流提取3次,每次1.5 h。
二、成型工艺研究
1. 浓缩
院内制剂生产常采用的浓缩方法为常压浓缩和减压浓缩,故本实验对这两种方法进行考察,以浓缩前后指标成分甘草苷、甘草酸、胡薄荷酮、苦杏仁苷的转移率作为考察指标,考察结果见表7。转移率%=(提取液中该成分的量/药材中该成分的总量)*100%。
表7 浓缩方式考察结果
由表7结果可知,提取液采取减压浓缩方式时,甘草苷、胡薄荷酮和甘草酸等指标成分的转移率明显高于常压浓缩,故优选减压浓缩方式。
2. 纯化
根据《中国药典》2020版第四部合剂0181通则规定合剂应澄清,在储存期间允许有少量摇之易散的沉淀。故为提高三拗汤加减合剂的澄清度和有效成分的含量,并结合实际情况,以主要活性成分甘草酸、甘草苷、胡薄荷酮、苦杏仁苷的含量变化和澄清度为指标,比较了过滤法、离心法和醇沉法三种方法的纯化效果,为筛选出本制剂最佳的纯化工艺提供依据。
2.1 样品溶液的制备
过滤样品溶液制备:取50mL减压浓缩液,静置后过3号玻璃漏斗(滤片平均滤孔为15-40μm),抽滤后,转移至50mL容量瓶中,定容,即得。
离心样品溶液制备:取减压浓缩液3份,各10mL,分为三组,置于离心机中,分别在3000r/min、4000r/min、5000r/min的转速条件下离心20min,取上清液,分别置于10mL容量瓶中,定容,即得。
醇沉样品溶液制备:取减压浓缩液3份,各50mL,分为三组,分别加入85.7mL、140mL、266.7mL的95%乙醇(放冷后加入,边搅拌便加入),使药液的含醇量分别达至60%、70%、80%。在室温下静置过夜,抽滤,经旋转蒸发仪减压回收乙醇(50℃,-0.09-0.1Mpa),滤液转入50mL容量瓶中,定容,即得。
2.2 不同方式纯化结果
量取上述样品溶液约3.5 mL至EP管中,12000rmp,离心3min处理,取上层液经0.45μm微孔滤膜滤过,取滤液注入高效液相色谱仪,以纯化工艺前后有效成分甘草苷、胡薄荷酮、苦杏仁苷、甘草酸的转移率及药液的澄清度作为考察指标,考察结果见表8。
表8纯化工艺考察结果
由表8结果可知,过滤法纯化药液较离心法和醇沉法有效成分含量损失较大,且药液较为浑浊,可能是由于药液过于粘稠,堵住滤孔而难以过滤,过滤效率低。离心法和醇沉法纯化效果相差不大,纯化后药液澄清,但考虑到本院制剂生产的实际情况,醇沉法实际生产操作简便,故选择醇沉法。比较三个醇沉醇浓度纯化效果,当醇沉醇浓度为70%时,有效成分含量最高。综上,确定70%醇沉法为三拗汤加减方合剂的分离纯化方法。
3. 矫味剂
因本处方中所含药味较多,且多味中药具有一定的苦、涩味,患者难以接受,需添加矫味剂改善口感。三拗汤加减方合剂为小儿制剂,为提高儿童的用药依从性,矫味剂种类和用量的选择极为重要。本院制剂常用的矫味剂为康甜素,是一种蛋白糖,味道酷似蔗糖,在酸、碱和高温条件下性质稳定,相对成本比其他甜味剂低,故本品选择康甜素作为矫味剂。
为改善口感,确定康甜素的用量,取三拗汤加减方合剂60mL,等分成3份,按表9的剂量加入康甜素,搅拌至完全溶解后,品尝其口感,结果表明当康甜素的用量为5‰时,口感最好,故确定本品康甜素用量为5‰。
表9矫味剂用量考察结果
组别 | 康甜素用量(g) | 合剂中康甜素浓度(‰) | 口感 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 不甜,苦涩 |
2 | 0.06 | 3 | 微甜,较为苦涩 |
3 | 0.1 | 5 | 味甜,微苦 |
4 | 0.2 | 10 | 过甜,酸涩 |
4. pH考察
pH值与合剂的澄清度密切相关,为了保证制剂的稳定性,故本实验对药液的pH值进行考察,三拗汤加减方合剂原液的pH值在5.1左右,分别用0.1mol/L HCL和0.1mol/LNaOH调节药液的pH值为4.0、4.5、5.5、6.0,室温下静置一周后,观察合剂的澄清度。结果见表10。
表10 pH值范围考察结果
pH值 | 色泽 | 澄清度 |
4.0 | 棕黄色 | 大量沉淀,摇之不散 |
4.5 | 棕黄色 | 较多沉淀,摇之不散 |
5.1 | 棕褐色 | 少量沉淀,摇之即散 |
5.5 | 棕褐色 | 少量沉淀,摇之即散 |
6.0 | 棕褐色 | 有沉淀,摇之即散 |
由表10结果可知,本品在pH值为5.0-5.5之间沉淀较少,摇之即散,具有较好的稳定性,故本品pH值范围确定为5.0-5.5。
三、制备方法确定
经上述研究分析,可得到具体的制备防范,包括以下步骤:取荆芥、鱼腥草、前胡、苦杏仁、浙贝母、僵蚕、甘草、芦根、化橘红(3:15:8:10:10:10:3:12:5)共9味饮片,76 g,加10倍量水,煎煮三次,每次1.5h,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩,纯化,加入康甜素,调节pH至5.0-5.5,定容至60 ml,灭菌,分装,即得。
并且,本发明还提供了一种上述中药合剂的质量控制方法,包括以下步骤:采用薄层色谱法对甘草、荆芥、化橘红、浙贝母4味中药进行定性鉴别,通过HPLC法对甘草酸、苦杏仁苷、胡薄荷酮、甘草苷进行定量检测,同时对本品的指纹图谱进行分析。
而具体研究内容如下:
四、质量标准研究
本品由甘草、荆芥、苦杏仁、化橘红、鱼腥草、芦根、蜜麸僵蚕、浙贝母、前胡等九味药材组成,其中甘草、苦杏仁、荆芥为君药。为了有效控制其质量,本研究采用薄层色谱法对甘草、荆芥、化橘红、浙贝母4味中药进行定性鉴别,通过HPLC法对甘草酸、苦杏仁苷、胡薄荷酮、甘草苷等主要活性成分进行定量检测,同时对本品的指纹图谱进行研究。
1. 薄层定性
1.1 甘草
取上述制备方法制得的三拗汤加减方合剂10 mL,用水饱和的正丁醇进行两次萃取,每次10 mL,合并正丁醇液,用水洗涤两次,每次15 mL,弃去水层(若发现乳化,可采取4000rmp,3min离心后取上层液),取正丁醇液蒸干,用甲醇1 mL使残渣充分溶解,作为供试品溶液。另取甘草苷对照品,加入甲醇制成每1mL含0.5mg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。取甘草对照药材1g,加乙醇10ml,超声处理30分钟,滤过,滤液蒸干,用甲醇1mL使残渣充分溶解,作为对照药材溶液。再按上述制备方法制备不含甘草的阴性样品溶液,再按供试品溶液制备方法制备阴性对照溶液。吸取上述供试品溶液、对照品溶液、对照药材溶液、阴性对照溶液各8 μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以乙酸乙酯-甲酸-冰醋酸-水(15:1:1:2)为展开剂,展开,取出,晾干,喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液,在105°C加热至斑点显现清晰,于365nm紫外光灯下检视。供试品色谱中,在于对照品色谱和对照药材色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点;阴性对照品则无。(见图4,图中1、三拗汤加减方合剂;2、甘草对照药材;3、甘草苷对照品;4、阴性对照)
1.2化橘红
取上述制备方法制得的三拗汤加减方合剂5 mL,加乙酸乙酯10mL进行萃取,取乙酸乙酯液,蒸干,用无水乙醇1mL使残渣充分溶解作为供试品溶液。另取取柚皮苷对照品,加甲醇制成每1mL含1mg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。取化橘红对照药材0.3g,加甲醇10mL,超声处理30分钟,滤过,滤液蒸干,用无水乙醇1mL使残渣充分溶解,作为对照药材溶液。再按上述制备方法制备不含甘草的阴性样品溶液,再按供试品溶液制备方法制备阴性对照溶液。吸取上述供试品溶液、对照品溶液、对照药材溶液、阴性对照溶液各8 μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸(10:7:2.5)为展开剂,展开,取出,晾干,喷以5%三氯化铝乙醇溶液,在105℃加热1min,于365nm紫外灯下检视。供试品色谱中,在于对照品色谱和对照药材色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点;阴性对照品则无。(见图5,图中1、2、3为三拗汤加减方合剂;4为前胡对照药材5柚皮苷对照品6阴性对照)
1.3荆芥
取上述制备方法制得的三拗汤加减方合剂20 mL,用石油醚(60℃-90℃)20mL进行萃取,取石油醚层,置于蒸发皿中,于60℃水浴蒸干,放冷后,用石油醚1mL使残渣充分溶解,作为供试品溶液。取荆芥对照药材0.3g,加入石油醚10mL,密塞,振摇多次后静置过夜,滤过,滤液蒸干,用石油醚0.5mL使残渣充分溶解,作为对照药材溶液。再按上述制备方法制备不含甘草的阴性样品溶液,再按供试品溶液制备方法制备阴性对照溶液。吸取上述供试品溶液、对照品溶液、对照药材溶液、阴性对照溶液各10μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸(8. 5∶ 1. 5∶ 0. 5)为展开剂,展开,取出,晾干,喷以5%香草醛的5% 硫酸乙醇溶液,在105℃加热直至显现清楚,于365nm紫外灯下检视。供试品色谱中,在于对照品色谱和对照药材色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点;阴性对照品则无。(见图6,图中,1、2为三拗汤加减方合剂;3为荆芥对照药材;4为阴性对照)
1.4 浙贝母
取上述制备方法制得的三拗汤加减方合剂10 mL,加氨水1mL,调节pH>10,摇匀,用氯仿进行两次萃取,每次15mL,合并氯仿层,蒸干,用氯仿1mL使残渣充分溶解,作为供试品溶液。分别取贝母素甲、乙对照品,加氯仿制成每1mL含2mg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。取浙贝母对照药材粉末1g,加入氨水1mL,充分搅拌润湿后,放置30分钟,加氯仿15mL,超声处理30分钟,过滤,滤液蒸干,用氯仿1mL使残渣充分溶解,作为对照药材溶液。再按上述制备方法制备不含甘草的阴性样品溶液,再按供试品溶液制备方法制备阴性对照溶液。吸取上述供试品溶液10μL、对照品溶液4μL、对照药材溶液8μL、阴性对照溶液10 μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以石油醚(60~90℃)-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨(10:10:2:1)为展开剂,展开,取出,晾干,喷以稀碘化铋钾试液,于可见光下检视。供试品色谱中,在于对照品色谱和对照药材色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点;阴性对照品则无。(见图7,图中1、2、3为三拗汤加减方合剂;4为浙贝母对照药材;5为贝母素甲;6为贝母素乙;7为阴性对照)
2. 含量测定
2.1 色谱条件
同制备方法中的色谱条件,具体如下。
色谱条件与系统适应性试验以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以每100ml水中含0.1ml磷酸为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,二元梯度洗脱;梯度洗脱顺序为:0~5 min,97%A;5~17 min,97→85%A;17~21min,85A%;21~27 min,85→79A%;27~36min,79A%;36~56min,79→55A%;56~72min,55→35A%;72~82min,35→5A%;82~87min,5A%;87~89min,5→97A%;89~95min,97A%。柱温:35℃;流速:0.8 mL / min;检测波长:207 nm,237 nm,252 nm。
2.2 溶液配制
对照品溶液的制备:取甘草苷、胡薄荷酮、甘草酸、苦杏仁苷对照品适量,精密称定,加70%甲醇-水溶液,分别制成每1mL含苦杏仁苷0.503mg、甘草酸0.501mg、甘草苷0.502mg、胡薄荷酮0.773mg的溶液,即得。
供试品溶液:量取三拗汤加减方合剂适量,离心,取上清液,0.45 μm微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μL,注入液相色谱仪,测定即得。
共测3批样品,测得每1ml溶液中含甘草苷14.38 mg、甘草酸29.32 mg、苦杏仁苷254.66 mg、胡薄荷酮1.32mg。
表11三批样品含量测定结果
批号 | 甘草苷含量(mg) | 甘草酸含量(mg) | 苦杏仁苷含量(mg) | 胡薄荷酮含量(mg) |
210217 | 14.49 | 29.23 | 254.12 | 1.33 |
210218 | 14.40 | 29.61 | 248.55 | 1.30 |
210219 | 14.25 | 29.06 | 261.32 | 1.33 |
2.3指纹图谱分析
2.3.1 指纹图谱建立
取10批三拗汤加减方合剂,依次编号为S1-S10,按含量测定方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1项下”色谱条件进行测定,将所得十批样品的指纹图谱,使用《2012版中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价》软件进行比较分析。以S7的样品谱图作为参照谱图,时间窗宽度设为0.2min,采用多点校正后自动匹配指纹图谱,以平均数法生成对照指纹图谱,见图8。
2.3.2共有峰指认及相对峰面积计算
分析指纹图谱,选择分离良好、重复性好且峰型特征明显的色谱峰为共有峰,共选定15个共有峰(见图9),与混合对照品色谱峰(图10,图中,6、苦杏仁苷;9、甘草苷;14、甘草酸;15、胡薄荷酮)比对后,指认出4个特征峰,其中5号峰为苦杏仁苷 ( t =20.159 min)、9号峰为甘草苷( t = 29.540min)、14号峰为甘草酸( t =58.993min)、15号峰为胡薄荷酮(t = 60.601 min)。其中14号色谱峰甘草酸分离良好且峰型较好,故以此做为参照峰,计算其他共有峰的相对峰面积,结果见表12。
表12 10 批三拗汤加减方合剂 15个共有峰相对峰面积
峰号 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 |
1 | 1.77 | 3.15 | 2.41 | 2.73 | 3.20 | 2.65 | 2.34 | 1.98 | 2.07 | 2.68 |
2 | 4.49 | 3.90 | 3.47 | 3.31 | 3.72 | 3.20 | 3.93 | 4.08 | 4.30 | 3.45 |
3 | 3.82 | 2.94 | 2.32 | 2.91 | 3.02 | 3.25 | 3.83 | 2.62 | 3.63 | 3.21 |
4 | 1.61 | 1.46 | 0.96 | 1.30 | 1.52 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.12 | 1.33 | 1.73 |
5 | 1.51 | 1.42 | 1.41 | 1.33 | 1.55 | 1.38 | 1.31 | 1.22 | 1.47 | 1.76 |
6 | 2.07 | 1.82 | 1.33 | 1.61 | 1.83 | 1.40 | 1.53 | 1.38 | 1.30 | 2.15 |
7 | 1.43 | 1.31 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.53 |
8 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.53 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.61 |
9 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 0.87 |
10 | 2.77 | 2.47 | 2.02 | 2.61 | 2.40 | 1.87 | 1.80 | 1.31 | 1.50 | 1.90 |
11 | 7.33 | 6.24 | 5.05 | 9.12 | 9.54 | 5.18 | 6.87 | 7.80 | 7.85 | 11.68 |
12 | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.58 |
13 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.32 |
14 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
15 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.27 |
2.3.3相似度评价
对10批三拗汤加减方合剂指纹图谱相似度进行计算,结果(见表13)显示,10批样品与对照谱图的相似度在0.941-0.996之间。说明这10批三拗汤加减方合剂的化学成分一致性较好,质量相对稳定。
表13 10批三拗汤加减方合剂与对照指纹图谱相似度比较
峰号 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 | 对照 |
S1 | 1.000 | 0.981 | 0.974 | 0.973 | 0.979 | 0.973 | 0.973 | 0.976 | 0.980 | 0.972 | 0.989 |
S2 | 0.981 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.973 | 0.976 | 0.987 | 0.971 | 0.965 | 0.966 | 0.970 | 0.988 |
S3 | 0.974 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 0.956 | 0.963 | 0.994 | 0.959 | 0.945 | 0.951 | 0.948 | 0.977 |
S4 | 0.973 | 0.973 | 0.956 | 1.000 | 0.991 | 0.941 | 0.990 | 0.976 | 0.970 | 0.983 | 0.988 |
S5 | 0.979 | 0.976 | 0.963 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 0.959 | 0.996 | 0.985 | 0.984 | 0.994 | 0.996 |
S6 | 0.973 | 0.987 | 0.994 | 0.941 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 0.954 | 0.941 | 0.955 | 0.949 | 0.974 |
S7 | 0.973 | 0.971 | 0.959 | 0.990 | 0.996 | 0.954 | 1.000 | 0.983 | 0.987 | 0.990 | 0.993 |
S8 | 0.976 | 0.965 | 0.945 | 0.976 | 0.985 | 0.941 | 0.983 | 1.000 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.989 |
S9 | 0.980 | 0.966 | 0.951 | 0.970 | 0.984 | 0.955 | 0.987 | 0.993 | 1.000 | 0.989 | 0.991 |
S10 | 0.972 | 0.970 | 0.948 | 0.983 | 0.994 | 0.949 | 0.990 | 0.991 | 0.989 | 1.000 | 0.992 |
对照 | 0.989 | 0.988 | 0.977 | 0.988 | 0.996 | 0.974 | 0.993 | 0.989 | 0.991 | 0.992 | 1.000 |
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于治疗小儿风热犯肺证的中药合剂制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:取荆芥、鱼腥草、前胡、苦杏仁、浙贝母、僵蚕、甘草、芦根、化橘红(3:15:8:10:10:10:3:12:5)共9味饮片,76 g,加10倍量水,煎煮三次,每次1.5h,滤过,合并滤液,滤液减压浓缩,纯化,加入康甜素,调节pH至5.0-5.5,定容至60 ml,灭菌,分装,即得。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的中药合剂的质量控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:采用薄层色谱法对甘草、荆芥、化橘红、浙贝母4味中药进行定性鉴别,通过HPLC法对甘草酸、苦杏仁苷、胡薄荷酮、甘草苷进行定量检测,同时对本品的指纹图谱进行分析。
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