CN114983872B - 一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水及其制备方法,该漱口水是以超支化聚赖氨酸作为活性成分,与具有生物相容性的辅料复配而成,通过冷冻与升温的加工方式实现包封,制备得到爆珠式漱口水。本发明提供的漱口水能够广谱抗菌,温和清洁,保护口腔黏膜和牙釉质以及预防和缓解牙龈出血,本发明通过可控冻融的方法结合控制升温速率,有效调控凝胶壳层的形成速度与厚度,从而实现漱口水的高效包封。产品以爆珠的形式保存,便于携带。同时,在咀嚼过程中,凝胶外壳能够去除软垢,温和清洁口腔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及口腔健康护理技术领域,具体涉及一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着社会的进步发展和生活节奏的加快,越来越多的人大量摄入高糖高热量食物。这种饮食习惯容易造成牙龈卟啉单胞菌等致病菌的增殖,继而导致口腔内微生物种群稳态的失衡,诱发牙周炎和龋齿等口腔疾病。同时,随着人们的健康意识不断提升,对各类口腔清洁与护理产品的需求也与日俱增。
目前,口腔清洁和护理产品主要有牙膏、牙线和漱口水等。其中,功能性的漱口水主要作为刷牙的补充,逐渐发挥越来越重要的作用。它具有良好的渗透性,可深入口腔各部位,包括牙刷难接触的牙龈边缘和牙缝间隙,实现对口腔的清洁与护理,调控口腔菌群的稳态,改善其健康状况,并兼顾了清新口气等功能。
市面上传统的漱口水主要功能为抗菌,其有效成分为西吡氯铵或桉叶油素等天然植物提取物。西吡氯铵作为阳离子型广谱抗菌剂,能够有效抑制口腔致病菌的繁殖,但长期使用过程中,对口腔益生菌也存在杀伤,导致口腔内的菌群失衡。桉叶油素等天然植物提取物虽然能有效抑菌并具有良好的生物相容性,但其提取与纯化成本较高。同时,目前大多漱口水都含有乙醇。虽然乙醇能够对漱口水配方中的成分起到增溶作用,但也容易对口腔黏膜产生刺激,造成口干不适的状况。此外,传统漱口水血液相容性不佳,不宜在口腔内部有创口时使用。在清洁口腔的过程中,漱口水对牙齿这类硬组织表面的摩擦较为有限,无法对其表面附着的污垢起到有效清洁的作用。因此,开发具有优异生物亲和性和血液相容性的爆珠式漱口水,能够有效兼顾杀灭致病菌,维持口腔菌群稳态和血液相容性,以及实现对牙齿表面污垢的高效清洁。
本发明提供一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水及其制备方法,所述的漱口水中添加超支化聚赖氨酸(HBPL),并通过冻融法加工爆珠漱口水的凝胶壳层,可以制得具有优异抗菌性和血液相容性,以及高效清洁口腔的可吞咽爆珠漱口水。
聚赖氨酸是兼具多种功能的活性成分,根据其分子结构,可分为线性聚赖氨酸(e-PL)和超支化聚赖氨酸(HBPL)。研究表明,线性聚赖氨酸分子带有正电,通过静电力与带有负电的细胞或细菌膜表现结合,破坏其生物膜的结构,从而实现杀灭细菌的功能(MortenHyldgaard, Tina Mygind, Brian S. Vad, Marcel Stenvang, Daniel E. Otzen, RikkeL. Meyer. The antimicrobial mechanism of action of epsilon-poly-l-lysine.Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014, 80(24), 7758-7770)。然而,线性聚赖氨酸由发酵法制备,相较于超支化聚赖氨酸的化学合成的原料易得与工艺简单,其工艺更为复杂费时并且成本高昂。超支化聚赖氨酸具有高度支化的三维拓扑结构,在保留线性聚赖氨酸的e-PL结构单元同时,又提高了其e-PL结构单元和电荷密度。因此,超支化聚赖氨酸具有优异的水溶性以及高效抗菌性能,在漱口水中使用,能够有效调控口腔菌群稳态。与此同时,超支化聚赖氨酸是由氨基酸聚合而成,与生物组织具有优异的亲和性。在漱口水中添加使用,能够有效解决传统漱口水血液相容性不佳而限制了其在牙龈敏感及易出血场景下应用的问题。此外,超支化聚赖氨酸优异的组织相容性和保湿性能够在口腔内部形成保护膜,起到了滋养口腔组织以及避免口干的作用。
本发明提供的漱口水通过冻融法加工,得到外部有凝胶壳层包裹的可吞咽爆珠漱口水,与传统的纯液体漱口水或者纯固体漱口凝胶进行对比都具有明显优势。纯液体漱口水,在使用过程中由于液体与口腔硬组织表面的摩擦力较低,无法有效清除其表面附着的污垢,仅能作为刷牙的辅助手段对口腔进行清洁;纯固体漱口凝胶含水量不高,虽然能够在咀嚼过程中与硬组织表面产生较大的摩擦,但是产生的凝胶碎块颗粒较大,无法深入牙缝进行清洁。爆珠漱口水将液体漱口水和漱口凝胶各自的优势进行有机结合,能够有效解决口腔硬组织表面污垢有效清洁的问题。由于本发明所采用的超支化聚赖氨酸等原料均为生物相容性优异的无毒原料,在完成口腔清洁后,漱口水可被吞咽。同时,通过冻融法加工的爆珠漱口水,仅控制升温速率便可实现对其凝胶壳层的调控,并兼具了较高的漱口水包封率,对比传统的漱口凝胶复杂的合成与成胶工艺,其操作工艺简单,成本低廉。本发明提供的爆珠漱口水具有优异的血液相容性,抗菌性以及高效的清洁能力,并兼具便携性,制备工艺简单经济,对解决传统漱口水的痛点有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水及其制备方法。该漱口水具有广谱抗菌、保护口腔黏膜和牙釉质的功能以及优异的血液相容性。
针对以上问题,本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水,该漱口水是以超支化聚赖氨酸作为活性成分,与高生物相容性的辅料复配后,通过冷冻与凝胶化的加工方式,制备得到的爆珠式漱口水;其制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将超支化聚赖氨酸溶于超纯水中配成10%(w/v)的母液;
步骤2,按质量份计,将2~5份泊洛沙姆407、3~5份甘油、0.2~0.3份薄荷醇、0.25~0.75份柠檬酸钠、1~2份氯化钙以及0.1~0.2份木糖醇依次加入90~95份超纯水中,并加入0.5~2份超支化聚赖氨酸母液,在室温中溶解,得到漱口水溶液;
步骤3,将漱口水溶液倒入球形模具并进行冷冻处理,再将漱口水冰球加入到海藻酸钠溶液中,以每小时5~15℃的速率升温,使内部冰球融化释放钙离子,促进外部海藻酸钠交联,形成凝胶壳层,静置即可得到所述爆珠漱口水。
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的漱口水中主要活性成分为超支化聚赖氨酸。超支化聚赖氨酸能够有效杀死以大肠杆菌为代表的革兰氏阴性菌和以耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌为代表的革兰氏阳性菌,具有广谱抗菌性。超支化聚赖氨酸不会对口腔黏膜造成刺激。并且超支化聚赖氨酸与泊洛沙姆407和柠檬酸钠复配后,具有优异的与硬组织表面的界面相容性。其协同作用使得该复配体系与牙釉质表面亲和性好,在分子中大量氢键与静电作用下,在牙釉质表面结合形成一层保护膜,能够实现温和且持久的杀菌清洁,保护牙釉质。同时,超支化聚赖氨酸与柠檬酸钠的共同作用下,具有良好的血液相容性,不会影响凝血时间和引起严重的溶血反应,并且会在牙龈表面形成良好的保护层,能够预防和缓解牙龈出血。
本发明提供的具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水,通过可控冻融的方法实现漱口水的包封。通过控制升温速率,有效调控凝胶壳层的形成速度与厚度,从而实现漱口水的高效包封。产品以爆珠的形式保存,便于携带。同时,在咀嚼过程中,凝胶外壳能够去除软垢,温和清洁口腔。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的爆珠式漱口水的展示图。
图2为本发明制备的爆珠式漱口水的抗菌性能评价。
图3为本发明制备的爆珠式漱口水的血液相容性评价。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实例对本发明的方案做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水,按质量百分比计,包括以下组分:超支化聚赖氨酸为0.1%,泊洛沙姆407为2%,甘油为5%,薄荷醇为0.2%,柠檬酸钠为0.6%,氯化钙为2%,木糖醇为0.1%,超纯水为90%。
具体的制备步骤如下:
步骤1,将设定配比的超支化聚赖氨酸,泊洛沙姆407,甘油,薄荷醇,柠檬酸钠,氯化钙,木糖醇和超纯水混合,搅拌至溶解,获得第一中间产物;
步骤2,将第一中间产物倒入模具中,放置于-20℃冰箱,冷冻12小时,形成漱口水冰球,为第二中间产物;
步骤3,将第二中间产物放入2%的海藻酸钠凝固浴中没过,以每小时15℃的速率升温,形成相对较大的温度梯度,静置15分钟后取出,得到直径为30 mm的爆珠式漱口水。通过计算爆珠内漱口水的质量与漱口水和凝胶爆珠的总质量的比值,得到漱口水包封率为33%。爆珠式漱口水实物如图1所示。
实施例2
一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水,按质量百分比计,包括以下组分:超支化聚赖氨酸为0.1%,泊洛沙姆407为2%,甘油为5%,薄荷醇为0.2%,柠檬酸钠为0.6%,氯化钙为2%,木糖醇为0.1%,超纯水为90%。
具体的制备步骤如下:
步骤1,将设定配比的超支化聚赖氨酸,泊洛沙姆407,甘油,薄荷醇,柠檬酸钠,氯化钙,木糖醇和超纯水混合,搅拌至溶解,获得第一中间产物;
步骤2,将第一中间产物倒入模具中,放置于-20℃冰箱,冷冻12小时,形成漱口水冰球,为第二中间产物;
步骤3,将第二中间产物放入2%的海藻酸钠凝固浴中没过,以每小时5℃的速率升温,形成相对较小的温度梯度,静置15分钟后取出,得到直径为30 mm的爆珠式漱口水。通过计算爆珠内漱口水的质量与漱口水和凝胶爆珠的总质量的比值,得到漱口水包封率为87%。爆珠式漱口水实物如图1所示。
性能测试:
1、漱口水抗菌性能实验
选择革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌(E. coil)和革兰氏阳性的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)作为实验菌种,研究本发明的抗菌性能。将各种细菌接种至液体培养基中,37℃恒温培养24小时后,4000 rpm进行10分钟离心,倒去上清培养基。加入磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),通过酶标仪确定600 nm的吸光度值对菌落数进行定量,逐步稀释至吸光度值至0.5(1.5×10^8 CFU/mL),4℃储存备用。
通过平板计数法确定本发明制得的漱口水的抗菌率。取出稀释后的各菌液,实验组加入实施例2所得漱口水(本发明漱口水(HBPL漱口水)+MRSA、本发明漱口水+E. coil),对照组加入等量的PBS(PBS+MRSA和PBS+E. coil),37℃恒温培养12小时。将试管取出,稀释到10^-4倍后,各取100 μL通过平板计数法统计菌落。实验结果如图2所示,含有超支化聚赖氨酸的漱口水对大肠杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达到100%,具有广谱抗菌性。
2、漱口水血液相容性实验
采集新鲜的大鼠静脉血,4℃保存。设置实验组为含有超支化聚赖氨酸的漱口水(HBPL组),对照组为生理盐水。
漱口水凝血时间实验中,采用手工法确定实验组和对照组的凝血时间。将含有新鲜大鼠血液的采血管静置于37℃水浴箱内,孵育30分钟至其温度达到37℃。其中,实验组(HBPL漱口水)取0.8 mL新鲜大鼠血液,同时加入0.1 mL含有25 mmol/L氯化钙的生理盐水和0.1 mL含有超支化聚赖氨酸的漱口水;对照组取0.8 mL新鲜大鼠血液,同时加入0.1 mL含有25 mmol/L氯化钙的生理盐水和0.1 mL的生理盐水,分别迅速混匀,将试管浸至水浴中静置10秒。在光线明亮处,开始计时,来回倾斜试管,在流动状态下观察有凝固的血块或是纤维蛋白形成后,记录凝固时间,以上各做三组平行实验。实验组与对照组的凝血时间如图3所示,分别为422±64秒和354±45秒,无明显差异,该漱口水不会影响牙龈出血部位的凝血问题,其血液相容性较好。
漱口水溶血时间实验中,将新鲜大鼠血液加入EP管中,设置离心机转速为2500rpm,离心10分钟,倒去上清液;再加入生理盐水在1500rpm条件下离心漂洗10分钟,重复进行3次至上清液澄澈透明且不为红色,最后将其配成体积分数为2% 的红细胞混悬液。各取2.5 mL该混悬液于3支试管中,分别加入2.5 mL含有超支化聚赖氨酸的漱口水作为实验组,加入2.5 mL生理盐水作为阴性对照,加入2 mL生理盐水和0.5 mL超纯水作为阳性对照。混匀后立即放入37℃恒温水浴箱孵育,并做三组平行实验。将孵育后的各管样品离心,取上清液,选择545 nm波长,以超纯水为空白,用酶标仪读取各组的吸光值(OD)。溶血率数据如图3所示,含有超支化聚赖氨酸的漱口水溶血率低于5%,不会引发严重的溶血反应。
综合该漱口水的凝血时间和溶血率数据,该漱口水的血液相容性好,有助于预防和缓解牙龈出血问题,不会造成出血部位的血块淤积和感染。
Claims (1)
1. 一种具有优异血液相容性的可吞咽爆珠漱口水的制备方法,其特征在于,该漱口水是以超支化聚赖氨酸作为活性成分,与具有生物相容性的辅料复配而成,通过冷冻与升温的加工方式实现包封,制备得到爆珠式漱口水;按质量百分比计,包括以下组分: 超支化聚赖氨酸为0.1%,泊洛沙姆407为2%,甘油为5%,薄荷醇为0.2%,柠檬酸钠为0.6%,氯化钙为2%,木糖醇为0.1%,超纯水为90%;具体的制备步骤如下:
步骤1,将设定配比的超支化聚赖氨酸,泊洛沙姆407,甘油,薄荷醇,柠檬酸钠,氯化钙,木糖醇和超纯水混合,搅拌至溶解,获得第一中间产物;
步骤2,将第一中间产物倒入模具中,放置于-20℃冰箱,冷冻12小时,形成漱口水冰球,为第二中间产物;
步骤3,将第二中间产物放入2%的海藻酸钠凝固浴中没过,以每小时5℃的速率升温,静置15分钟后取出,得到爆珠式漱口水;
所述的爆珠式漱口水在咀嚼过程中,不仅实现温和清洁口腔,保护口腔黏膜,而且能够在牙釉质表面形成保护膜。
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