CN114982595A

CN114982595A - Matrix for rapid greening of bare mountain and screening method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114982595A
Application number: CN202210755405.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛健植; 石钰欣; 李�昊; 杨书鉴; 杜洲; 李君宜; 焦鹏华; 张卓佩; 杨智勇
Original assignee: Beijing Forestry University
Current assignee: Beijing Forestry University
Priority date: 2022-06-30
Filing date: 2022-06-30
Publication date: 2022-09-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a matrix for fast greening bare mountains and a screening method thereof, wherein the matrix comprises the following components: turfy soil, peat soil, coconut husk soil, rice husk charcoal and water-retaining agent, the turfy soil by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: 2.5kg, the spray seeding matrix can replace the alien soil, thereby realizing industrialization; the prepared spray seeding matrix has good soil physical and chemical properties and high organic matter content, can meet the requirements of rooting, germination and greening of plants, and only needs simple maintenance in the later stage of the plants; the spraying-seeding matrix with proper proportion ensures that the plant has good adhesive force, fast growth speed and excellent growth effect, screens out the proper proportion of the spraying-seeding matrix of the bare mountain, determines the vegetation type and configuration mode, promotes the high-efficiency performance of the ecological restoration function of the bare mountain slope, and improves the ecological environment of the area.

Description

Matrix for rapid greening of bare mountain and screening method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mountain vegetation restoration, in particular to a matrix for rapidly restoring the green of a bare mountain and a screening method thereof.

Background

With the acceleration of traffic construction, the rapid development of social economy and the continuous promotion of urban construction, the ecological environment around the city is inevitably damaged to a certain extent, the original vegetation cover layer is damaged by the excavation of the mountain, a large number of exposed mountains appear, and therefore the vegetation is difficult to restore naturally, the traditional afforestation mode is difficult to succeed, and the difficulty of greening is increased.

From 2000, domestic scholars began to research on spray seeding matrixes and found the superiority of certain materials in rocky slope protection. In recent years, greening spray-seeding technology is used for vegetation restoration in slopes, tunnels, coastlines, water management projects, pipeline repair, waste and fly ash landfill sites, garbage dumps, fine grass areas and other environment-sensitive places, and good effects are achieved.

Therefore, more and more people use the spray seeding matrix to realize the rapid greening of the bare mountain, but the current spray seeding matrix has a series of problems:

(1) the existing spray seeding matrix only achieves a transient effect, does not really achieve mountain greening, and roots of plants after greening are not pricked into slope raw soil and are easy to stratify, so that the water and soil loss phenomenon still occurs after rainfall in a monsoon climate region;

(2) the proportion of the spray-seeding matrix does not have a fixed standard, and the proportion is different in different areas and different regions (slope, soil conditions and the like);

(3) the existing spray-seeding matrix is adopted, the growth condition of plants is not good, and the bare mountain cannot be rapidly regreened.

With the improvement of the demand of applying engineering greening technology, a plurality of soil improvement matrixes composed of environment-friendly pollution-free ecological materials need to be continuously developed and developed, so that the slope greening effect is guaranteed, the plant growth and maintenance are promoted, and the soil improvement matrixes have certain stability, can quickly recover vegetation and resist water and soil loss.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a matrix for rapid greening of bare mountains and a screening method thereof, and solves the technical problems that the existing spray-seeding matrix has no fixed proportion, and the growth condition of plants on the matrix and the water-retention and soil-fixation effects are poor, so that the purpose of rapid greening of bare mountains is realized.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a substrate for rapid greening of bare mountains, comprising: turfy soil, peat soil, coconut husk soil, rice husk charcoal and water-retaining agent, the turfy soil by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: 2.5 kg.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the turfy soil contains humus, the pH value is 5.5-6.6, the content of organic matters is 30% -32%, the turfy soil contains Pinshi turfy soil, phosphorus, perlite, organic fertilizer and trace elements, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, and the trace elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk fiber with soil and desalting, and the coconut husk soil has a soluble salt concentration of less than 1.0mS/cm and a pH value of 5.0-7.0.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rice husk charcoal is made by firing natural rice husk, the pH value is more than 7, and the water-retaining agent is a dry powder water-retaining agent.

A screening method of a matrix for rapid greening of bare mountains comprises the following steps:

preparing a spray-seeding matrix, and measuring the physicochemical properties of the spray-seeding matrix;

selecting seeds of tall fescue and chaste tree twigs as planting vegetation;

performing a green restoration simulation experiment on the bare mountain;

measuring the growth condition index of the plant;

and analyzing the growth condition indexes of the plants.

As a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the spray-seeding matrix is prepared, a plurality of soil substitute materials are prepared into spray-seeding matrices with different proportions based on the principles of good effect and low cost by combining surface soil of arid and semi-dry areas, the spray-seeding matrices are grouped, and the related indexes of physical properties and chemical properties of the spray-seeding matrices with different proportions are respectively measured by taking the local original surface soil as a control group.

As a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the green-recovering simulation experiment is carried out on the bare mountain, the green-recovering experiment is carried out in the planting groove, the slope is south, the longitudinal columns in the planting groove are divided into a plurality of cells, plastic plates are placed between every two cells, different types of plants are planted on the spray-seeding matrix under the same proportion, and the configuration type of each planting groove is marked.

As a preferred embodiment of the invention, when different types of plants are planted on the spray seeding matrix, a layer of cement is laid inside the planting grooves, sandy loam is paved, a wire mesh is laid and fixed, the prepared spray seeding matrix is added with water and stirred into viscous slurry, the slurry is coated on a slope surface by using a spray seeding machine to form a matrix layer, a growth space and nutrient elements are provided for vegetation rooting and planting, the seeds are distributed according to respective planting modes, non-woven fabrics are laid on the surface of each planting groove for preserving moisture and preserving heat, artificial post-maintenance is carried out, watering is carried out before and after sunrise, and moisture evaporation after spray seeding is prevented.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the growth condition of the plant is mapped, samples are taken at three positions, namely, an upper slope, a middle slope and a lower slope, and the germination rate and the growth condition of the seeds are measured once a day.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the growth condition index of the plant is analyzed, the vegetation coverage is analyzed by using an image analysis method in combination with photoshop software, the correlation analysis is performed by using an SPSS software analysis method, and the index system analysis is performed by using an SPSSAU software, so that the optimal soil improvement matrix ratio and the plant growth condition are obtained.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the spray seeding matrix can replace the alien soil, thereby realizing industrialization;

(2) the prepared spray-seeding matrix has good soil physicochemical property and high organic matter content, can meet the requirements of plant rooting, germination and greening, and only needs simple maintenance in the later stage of the plant;

(3) the spraying seeding matrix with proper proportion makes the outer root system of the plant prick into the slope soil, effectively improves the adhesion of the plant;

(4) the appropriate proportion of the exposed mountain spray-seeding matrix is screened out, the vegetation type is determined, and the vegetation configuration mode is obtained, so that the green restoration effect of the exposed mountain is improved, the high-efficiency performance of the ecological restoration function of the slope of the exposed mountain is further promoted, and the regional ecological environment is improved.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the steps of a method for screening a substrate for rapid re-greening of bare mountains according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the result of the emergence rate of Festuca arundinacea according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the emergence rate of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of turfy soil in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4-is a graph of the emergence rate of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of peat soil according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the emergence rate of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of coconut coir soil in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6-is a plot of the rate of emergence of Festuca arundinacea and the water retention agent anova of example 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the emergence rate of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of rice husk charcoal in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the result of the growth height of Festuca arundinacea 14 days according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the growth height and variance of turfy soil of Festuca arundinacea according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the growth height of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of peat soil according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the growth height of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of coconut coir soil in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 12-is a plot of the height of tall fescue growth and water retention agent ANOVA of example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the growth height of Festuca arundinacea and the variance of rice husk carbon in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 14-is a plot of the rate of emergence results for Vitex agnus-castus according to example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 15-is a chart of emergence rate of Vitex negundo and variance analysis of turfy soil of example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 16-is a chart of Vitex negundo rate and peat soil variance analysis in example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 17-is a chart of emergence rate of Vitex agnus-castus and coconut soil variance analysis in example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 18-is a chart of Vitex negundo emergence rate and water retention agent ANOVA of example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 19-is a graph showing rate of emergence of Vitex negundo and rice husk char anova in example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 20-is a graph showing the results of 20-day growth of Vitex agnus-castus according to example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 21 is a graph showing the growth height of Vitex agnus-castus and variance analysis of turfy soil according to example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 22-is a graph showing the growth height of Vitex agnus-castus and the variance analysis of peat soil according to example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 23-is a graph showing the growth height of vitex negundo and analysis of coconut coir soil variance in example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 24-is a schematic representation of the growth height of chaste tree twigs and water retention agent ANOVA of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a graph showing the growth height of chaste tree twigs and the variance analysis of rice husk carbon in example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a graph showing the comparison of germination rates of Festuca arundinacea and Cynodon dactylon for 2-7 days.

Detailed Description

The matrix for fast greening of bare mountains provided by the invention comprises: turfy soil, peat soil, coconut husk soil, rice husk carbon and a water-retaining agent. The matrix prepared from 5 materials of turfy soil, peat soil, coconut husk soil, rice husk carbon and water retention agent is used as the matrix for the exposed mountain spray-seeding, and the matrix for the exposed mountain spray-seeding has low cost, good soil fertility and good water retention and soil fixation effects; after spray sowing, the plant growth effect is good and the green recovery is fast; after greening, the slope surface has good water retention and soil fixation effects, the root system of the plant can be pricked into the raw soil of the side slope, and the slope surface structure is stable. Therefore, in a short period, the vegetation re-greening and ecological environment restoration of the bare mountain slope can be efficiently realized.

Further, the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: 2.5kg, the proportion is obtained by combining the growth conditions of the grass plants and the shrub plants and considering cost economic factors, the soil improvement matrix has low cost and good growth effect under the proportion, the volume weight and the water content of the soil improvement matrix are obviously improved, the porosity of the soil is increased, the respiration of the root system of the plant is facilitated, and the growth speed is improved.

Furthermore, the turfy soil contains humus, the pH value is 5.5-6.6, the content of organic matters is 30% -32%, the used turfy soil is weakly acidic, the water content is high, and certain humus exists, so that the water retention is poor.

Furthermore, the peat soil contains Pingshi peat soil, phosphorus, perlite, organic fertilizer and trace elements, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5. The peat soil contains components which enable the soil to have sufficient nutrients, water retention and fertilizer retention and good air permeability.

Furthermore, the trace elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the fertilizer effect can reach half a year due to the trace elements.

Furthermore, coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk fiber with soil and then performing desalination treatment. The loss of nutrients and water is reduced to a certain extent, so that the growth speed and the quality of the plants are effectively improved.

Furthermore, the concentration of the soluble salt of the coconut coir soil is less than 1.0mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.0-7.0. The soil is acidic, does not burn seedlings, and has good air permeability and water retention.

Further, the rice husk charcoal is made by firing natural rice husk, and the pH value is more than 7. The rice husk charcoal is made by firing natural rice husks, so that the rice husk charcoal is low in price, is a high-quality fertilizer suitable for various plants, and can supplement phosphorus and potassium elements in soil, resist diseases and insect pests, inhibit bacteria and expel parasites. In addition, the rice husk carbon is porous and breathable, so that the growth of roots can be promoted, the heat absorption can be enhanced, and cold injury can be reduced. The pH value is more than 7, which is convenient for adjusting the soil acidity.

Furthermore, the water-retaining agent is a dry powder water-retaining agent, and the dry powder water-retaining agent has water absorption and water retention, fertilizer absorption and fertilizer retention and cooling and heat preservation.

A screening method of a substrate for rapid greening of bare mountain bodies is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing a spray-seeding matrix, and measuring the physicochemical property of the spray-seeding matrix;

s2: selecting seeds of tall fescue and chaste tree twigs as planting vegetation;

s3: performing a green restoration simulation experiment on the bare mountain;

s4: measuring the growth condition index of the plant;

s5: and analyzing the growth condition indexes of the plants.

In the step S1, when preparing the spray-seeding matrix, 5 materials of turfy soil, peat soil, coconut coir soil, rice husk carbon and water retention agent are prepared into spray-seeding matrices with different proportions based on the principles of good effect and low cost by combining the surface soil of arid and semi-dry regions, and are grouped, and the relevant indexes of physical properties and chemical properties of the spray-seeding matrices with different proportions are respectively determined by taking the original local surface soil as a control group.

In the step S2, the light-loving, drought-tolerant and barren vegetation type is adopted, the festuca arundinacea with good slope protection effect, fast germination and obvious growth effect is selected, and the common slope protection plant festuca arundinacea and bermuda grass are compared and tested to find that, as shown in fig. 26, the festuca arundinacea has high emergence rate and fast growth speed, the germination rate reaches 75.13% in the second day after sowing, the germination rate tends to be stable to 93.26% in the 7 th day, and common grass plants germinate in three or four days after sowing, such as bermuda grass, and the emergence speed is slow. The festuca arundinacea can germinate the next day, the lawn is formed quickly, the height can reach 30cm after half a month, the regeneration capability is strong, and the festuca arundinacea is trampling-resistant, extremely high temperature-resistant and has certain ornamental value. The wattle-leaf vitex is used as a slope protection shrub with strong adaptability, not only can water and soil be kept, but also the leaves, stems, fruits and roots can be used as medicines, and the wattle-leaf vitex has strong medicinal value, economic value and ornamental value.

In the step S3, when performing a green-restoring simulation experiment on the bare mountain, performing a green-restoring experiment in the planting groove with the slope facing south, dividing the planting groove into a plurality of cells in a vertical row, placing a plastic plate between each cell, planting different types of plants on the spray-seeding substrate in the same ratio, and labeling the plant types on each planting groove.

In the step S3, when plants of different types are planted on the spray-seeding matrix, a layer of cement is laid inside the planting grooves, sandy loam is spread, a galvanized wire mesh is laid and hung and fixed, the prepared spray-seeding matrix is added with water and stirred into viscous slurry, the slurry is coated on the slope surface by using a spray-seeding machine to form a matrix layer, a growth space and nutrient elements are provided for vegetation rooting and field planting, the seeds are distributed according to respective planting modes, non-woven fabrics are laid on the surface of each planting groove for soil moisture conservation and heat preservation, artificial post-maintenance is carried out, watering is carried out before and after sunrise, and water evaporation after spray-seeding is prevented.

In step S4, when the growth condition of the plant is mapped, samples are taken at three positions, namely, on the upper slope, in the middle slope, and under the lower slope, and the germination rate and growth condition (time of emergence, growth height, number of tillers, green coverage area, etc.) of the seeds are measured once a day.

In step S5, when the growth status indicator of the plant is analyzed, the vegetation coverage is analyzed by using an image analysis method in combination with photoshop software to obtain the growth status of the seedling, the correlation analysis is performed by using an SPSS software analysis method, and the indicator system analysis is performed by using an SPSSAU software to obtain the optimum soil improvement matrix ratio and the plant growth status thereof.

Example 1 (selected Festuca arundinacea)

Fig. 2 is a result chart of the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea, the result is obtained by analyzing the result chart of the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea, the festuca arundinacea has fast germination and fast growth, wherein the germination rates of 3 groups, 5 groups, 6 groups, 7 groups, 8 groups, 12 groups and 15 groups are all up to 100 percent, variance analysis (shown in fig. 3-7) is carried out on each component factor and the emergence rate, and the result is obtained after rounding, the ratio is 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: when the weight is 2.5kg, the germination speed of the tall fescue is the fastest.

Fig. 8 is a result graph of growth height of 20 days of tall fescue, and by analyzing fig. 8, it can be seen that the average growth height of all tall fescue is above 15cm about 20 days after sowing, wherein 16 groups and 22 groups are far higher than the other groups, variance analysis (as shown in fig. 9-13) is performed on each component factor and growth height, and then rounding is performed to obtain the ratio of 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut husk soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.08: 2.5kg and the mixture ratio 2: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut husk soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk char 67: 33: 50: 0.42: when the weight is 0.84kg, the growth effect of the festuca arundinacea is best. After the growth is stable, the average height of the tall fescue under the mixture ratio 1 is about 24.7cm, and the average height of the tall fescue under the mixture ratio 2 is about 23.81cm, which further indicates that the tall fescue has better growth effect under the

mixture ratios

1 and 2.

EXAMPLE 2 (optional Vitex)

Fig. 14 is a result chart of the rate of emergence of the chaste tree twigs, and analysis of fig. 14 shows that the chaste tree twigs germinate at the 4 th day after sowing, tillering appears at the 6 th day, and the early growth speed is high. The germination rate of the 16 th group is 90% at most, and the germination rates of the 3, 8, 10, 17 and 25 groups are 80% with small difference. Variance analysis is carried out on each component factor and the emergence rate (as shown in figures 15-19), and then rounding is carried out, so that the ratio of 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut husk soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.08: when the weight is 2.5kg, the germination rate of the vitex negundo is the highest.

Fig. 20 is a graph showing the result of the growth height of the vitex negundo at 14 days, and when the analysis of fig. 20 is performed, the average growth height of each group is analyzed at 14 days after sowing, and it is found that the average growth height of each group is more than 2.5cm, and the sprouting speed of the vitex negundo is slow, so that a young seedling just sprouting is present at the measurement of height at 14 days, and the average height is reduced to a certain extent. Analysis of variance (as shown in fig. 21-25) was performed on each component factor and growth height, and the ratio was 3: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut husk soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 40: 20: 30: 0.25: when the weight is 0.5kg, the growth effect of the vitex negundo is the best.

The results of example 1 and example 2 are summarized below:

proportioning 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: when the weight is 2.5kg, the germination speed of the festuca arundinacea is fastest;

proportioning 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.08: 2.5kg and the mixture ratio 2: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal 67: 33: 50: 0.42: when the weight is 0.84kg, the growth effect of the tall fescue is the best;

proportioning 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.08: when the weight is 2.5kg, the germination rate of the chaste tree twigs is the highest;

proportioning 3: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 40: 20: 30: 0.25: when the weight is 0.5kg, the growth effect of the vitex negundo is the best.

The seedling emergence rate and the growth condition of the grass and shrub are combined, and the cost economic factors are considered, and the mixture ratio is 1: the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: 2.5kg of soil improvement substrate, the substrate cost under the proportion is low, the plant root system respiration is facilitated, the vegetation growth speed can be improved, and the tall fescue and the chaste tree twigs are matched to be used as planting vegetation, so that the soil improvement substrate is suitable for quick greening of bare mountains.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(3) the spraying seeding matrix with proper proportion can make the outer root system of the plant prick into the raw soil of the side slope, thus effectively improving the adhesive force of the plant;

(4) the method screens out the proper proportion of the spraying matrix of the bare mountain, determines the vegetation type and obtains the configuration mode of the vegetation, thereby improving the greening effect of the bare mountain, further promoting the high-efficiency performance of the ecological restoration function of the slope of the bare mountain and improving the regional ecological environment.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate for rapid greening of bare mountains, comprising: turfy soil, peat soil, coconut husk soil, rice husk charcoal and water-retaining agent, wherein the turfy soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: coconut chaff soil: peat soil: water-retaining agent: rice husk charcoal is 50: 67: 50: 0.33: 2.5 kg.

2. The matrix for the rapid greening of bare mountains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peatmoss contains humus, the pH value is 5.5-6.6, the content of organic matters is 30% -32%, the peatmoss contains pinkish peatmoss, phosphorus, perlite, organic fertilizer and trace elements, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, and the trace elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

3. The matrix for rapid greening of bare mountain according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coconut coir soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk fiber with soil and desalting, and the coconut coir soil has a soluble salt concentration of less than 1.0mS/cm and a pH value of 5.0-7.0.

4. The matrix for rapid greening of bare mountain according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rice hull charcoal is fired from natural rice hulls with a PH greater than 7, and the water-retaining agent is a dry powder water-retaining agent.

5. A screening method of a matrix for rapid greening of bare mountains is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting seeds of tall fescue and chaste tree twigs as planting vegetation;

performing a green restoration simulation experiment on the bare mountain;

measuring the growth condition index of the plant;

and analyzing the growth condition indexes of the plants.

6. The method for screening the substrate for the rapid greening of the bare mountain according to claim 5, wherein when the spray-seeding substrate is prepared, the surface soil of arid and semi-dry areas is combined, a plurality of soil substitute materials are prepared into the spray-seeding substrates with different proportions, the spray-seeding substrates are grouped, and the local original surface soil is used as a control group to respectively measure the related indexes of the physical properties and the chemical properties of the spray-seeding substrates with different proportions.

7. The method for screening the matrix for the rapid regreening of the bare mountain as claimed in claim 5, wherein the regreening simulation experiment is performed on the bare mountain, the regreening experiment is performed in a planting groove with the slope facing south, the planting groove is divided into a plurality of cells in the longitudinal direction, a plastic plate is placed between each cell, different types of plants are planted on the spray-seeding matrix with the same ratio, and the type of the plant is marked on each planting groove.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein when different types of plants are planted on the spray-seeding substrate, a layer of cement is laid inside the planting grooves, sandy loam is spread, a wire mesh is laid and hung and fixed, the prepared spray-seeding substrate is mixed with water to form viscous slurry, the slurry is coated on the slope surface by a spray-seeding machine to form a substrate layer, so as to provide growing space and nutrient elements for vegetation to root and plant, the seeds are distributed according to respective planting modes, non-woven fabrics are laid on the surface of each planting groove, and artificial post-curing is carried out, watering is carried out before and after sunrise, so as to prevent water evaporation after spray-seeding.

9. The method for screening the substrate for rapid greening of bare mountains as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the growth condition of the plants is designated and measured, the plants are sampled at three slopes of the upper slope, the middle slope and the lower slope, and the germination rate and growth condition of the seeds are measured once a day.

10. The method for screening the substrate for rapid greening of bare mountains as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the growth condition indexes of plants are analyzed, vegetation coverage is analyzed by using an image analysis method in combination with photoshop software, correlation analysis and orthogonal analysis are performed by using an SPSS software analysis method, and index range analysis is performed by using SPSSAU software, so that the optimal soil improvement substrate proportion and the plant growth condition are obtained.