CN107721748B - Fixation of CO in air by using carbon sink grass2Method, carbon-sink grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fixation of CO in air by using carbon sink grass2Method, carbon-sink grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the fixation of CO in the air by using carbon sink grass2Method of (1), carbonA grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The carbon-hui-grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components: 40-55 parts of carbon grass carbon, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 2-8 parts of potassium silicate, 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate and 5-15 parts of hydrated lime; or also comprises 5-10 parts of granulation adhesive. According to the invention, the carbon-sink grass carbon, the cadmium passivator and the antagonist are prepared into the soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner is applied to the cadmium-polluted field, so that the safe sealing of fixed carbon can be realized, and the biological activity of cadmium ions in the soil can be reduced, thereby reducing the cadmium content in corresponding agricultural products; realizes the reutilization of the carbon fixation product and improves the economic benefit of carbon fixation. The invention realizes CO2Economic, efficient and safe sealing, improvement of cadmium-polluted field soil, improvement of crop quality, and maximization of environmental, economic and agricultural benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the absorption of CO in the air by planting carbon sink grass2Then utilizing thermal cracking poly-generation carbonization technology to make photosynthetic fixed CO2Is inorganic to realize long-acting safety emission reduction of greenhouse gases, and belongs to the field of environmental protection. The invention also relates to a soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of agricultural products in a cadmium pollution area, which is prepared by utilizing the carbon-remitted peat obtained by thermal cracking, and a preparation technology and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers.
Background
In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of disastrous abnormal climates caused by global warming, greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO) are reduced2) The situation has been reached that is not very slow. Carbon capture and storage have become a hot spot of world research as an emerging greenhouse gas emission reduction technology. At present, CO2The capture and storage are mainly realized by geological storage (landfill), ocean storage, physical storage (such as inorganic carbonate), and the like, but the carbon fixation technology is still immature and has high cost. In view of the foregoing, there is a need to develop a low cost carbon capture and storage technology.
Numerous studies have shown that the use of green plants for the absorption and fixation of CO in the air2Is an economic, effective and environment-friendly carbon fixing way, and particularly utilizes C4 plants (also called carbon sink plants) with high photosynthetic efficiency and large biomass. Height of plants of Buckoo grassA large, fast-growing perennial C4 herb with strong CO2Assimilation ability, wide adaptability, high growth speed and low production investment, and is an important carbon-fixing plant type. According to preliminary calculation, the carbon fixation amount of the carbon sink grass in 50 years can be more than 50 times of that of newly-built carbon sink forest in the same area. Due to CO captured by photosynthesis2Mainly exists in the form of organic carbon (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.), and is easily decomposed into greenhouse gas (CO) by environmental microorganisms2And CH4) And released back into the atmosphere. Therefore, the long-acting carbon fixation can not be realized only by planting the carbon sink grass. However, the biomass formed by photosynthesis can be thermally cracked under the condition of no oxygen or limited oxygen to obtain the biochar mainly comprising organic carbon (containing 40% -75% of carbon) which is stacked irregularly by stable aromatic rings. Biochar has higher biochemical and thermal stability than the main types of organic carbon (in the form of cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, etc.) that constitute biomass, and its half-life (300- > 500 years) is much longer than that of non-charred biomass (8-10 months). Thus, maximum carbon dioxide capture and long-lasting carbon sequestration can be achieved by growing carbon sink grass and carbonizing its biomass using thermal cracking techniques.
The planting of the carbon sink grass and the preparation process of the carbon thereof need the input of extra energy and manpower, and the carbon preparation cost can reach 300-400 yuan/ton biomass. If the fast-growing turf is only used for carbon fixation purposes, the fast-growing turf can only generate about 45 yuan of carbon sink value per ton, and is far lower than the production cost. Therefore, in order to economically, environmentally and efficiently capture and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for a long time by using fast-growing grass, the comprehensive development of a high value-added utilization mode of fast-growing grass carbon is a problem to be solved urgently. Numerous studies have shown that the application of biochar in soil can rapidly increase the content of organic carbon in soil, enhance the water retention performance of soil, improve the porosity and air permeability of soil, promote the formation of soil aggregates, and further improve the physical and chemical properties of soil (such as reducing the volume weight of soil, increasing the pH value of soil, etc.). On the other hand, the biochar can also reduce the harm of pollutants (such as heavy metals, herbicides, pesticides and the like) to the soil by changing the forms of the pollutants. At present, heavy metals in soil in the province of Hunan provinceIn the pollution remediation technical scheme VIP + n, the biochar in-situ passivation remediation technical route is proved to be an effective and feasible technical scheme through experiments, and the method has the characteristics of low cost, no side effect on crops and soil and the like, and has the best popularization and application prospect. In view of the above, the invention also provides a rice cadmium reduction soil conditioner based on fast-growing turf so as to realize CO2Economic and safe sealing and improvement of the quality of agricultural products in the farmland polluted by heavy metals, thereby achieving the maximization of environmental, economic and agricultural benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides ecological, safe and long-acting CO2The technical scheme of the capture and fixation technology is as follows: by planting CO2Perennial herbaceous plants (also called carbon Hui grass) with strong assimilation ability, fast growth speed and wide adaptability for absorbing and fixing CO in air2Then the fixed CO is photosynthetic by utilizing the thermal cracking technology2Is mineralized into stable carbon straw carbon, thereby achieving CO2Ecological capture and long-term storage. CO sealed and stored by fast-growing turf on the premise of non-combustion2Can be stably stored in the form of carbon atoms in the environment for hundreds of years.
For absorbing CO as described above2The type of C.tenella (C.tenella) includes, but is not limited to, Miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), Pennisetum alopecuroides (Pennisetum purpureum), Phragmites communis (Phragmitis communis), Arundo donax (Arundo dona), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and the like. Among them, the Miscanthus preferably employs biomass-large Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis), Miscanthus floridus (Miscanthus floridus), anaphalis yedoensis (Miscanthus sacchariforus), triarrhena sacchariflora (Miscanthus luteoriparius), miraculus japonicas (Miscanthus x giganteus) or artificial hybrid species such as Miscanthus spicata No. 1-3 and Miscanthus spicata No. 1-3.
In view of the fact that our country has less per capita cultivated land resources and the task of guaranteeing the grain safety is heavy, the carbon sink grass is preferably planted on non-cultivated land which does not affect the grain production but can meet the normal growth of the grass, namely marginal land. The marginal land types include but are not limited to saline-alkali land, beach land, low-coverage grassland, bare land, land for returning cultivated land, land for highway and railway protection zones, land for river and lake flood prevention areas and the like. Determining the specific type of the carbon sink grass according to the soil fertility, the soil pH value, the temperature of the area, the rainfall and other factors of different types of planting fields: preferentially planting triarrhena sacchariflora in the flood control areas of the mudflat land, the rivers and the lakes; preferentially selecting silvergrass with strong stress resistance in saline-alkali soil and bare soil; the method is characterized in that giant reed plants are preferentially selected in the land of highway and railway protective zones.
In view of CO captured by photosynthesis of green plants2Is easily decomposed and re-released into the atmosphere, as described above, requiring the fixation of photosynthetic CO2Inorganic, i.e. it is carbonized by thermal cracking technology. Thermal cracking preferably employs modified biomass gasification polygeneration technology: after the carbon hui grass biomass is primarily crushed (about 5cm long), the carbon hui grass biomass is firstly subjected to oxygen-limited thermal cracking for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, water is added as a gasifying agent, then the carbon hui grass biomass is oxidized at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, and finally the carbon hui grass carbon is obtained by reduction at the temperature of 600-800 ℃. The carbon yield of the carbon hui grass carbon prepared by the technology is about 35 percent.
In order to increase the above-mentioned CO2The invention also explores a mode of utilizing the carbon sink biological carbon with high added value. Aiming at the current situations of soil hardening and serious cadmium pollution of southern acid fields, the invention designs a soil conditioner formula capable of improving soil and reducing cadmium content of agricultural products such as paddy and the like in a cadmium pollution area, a preparation method and an application technology. Based on the earlier research foundation of the inventor, the soil conditioner designed by the invention is compounded with various cadmium adsorbents, passivators and antagonists, and is a conditioner for compositely treating the soil such as cadmium-polluted rice fields and the like.
The soil conditioner designed by the invention comprises the carbon Hui grass carbon. The carbon-sink biological carbon has developed multistage pore structure (pore diameter is 2-9 μm, and specific surface area can reach 80-200m2/g) and contains a large number of charged groups such as hydroxyl groups (mainly phenolic hydroxyl groups, alcoholic hydroxyl groups), carboxyl groups on the inner surfaces of pores, and can reduce the mobility of cadmium in soil through the physical adsorption of hierarchical pores and the electrostatic adsorption of the charged groups.
The cadmium adsorbent carbon sequestration char selected above is also an important type of cadmium deactivator. The charged groups on the surface of the carbon hui grass biochar can form stable complexes and chelates with cadmium ions through ion exchange, and the mobility of the cadmium ions is reduced. In addition, the carbon-hui grass carbon has higher pH (pH is 9.0-10.3), and after being applied to soil, the pH of the soil can be increased to promote the conversion of cadmium in an exchange state to cadmium in a stable carbonate binding state, so that the bioavailability of cadmium ions is reduced. In addition, the cadmium passivator selected by the invention also comprises humic acid, hydrated lime, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium silicate: a large number of active groups contained in humic acid can generate various physical and chemical reactions with cadmium, so that the activity of the cadmium is reduced; the strong basicity of the hydrated lime can reduce the mobility and the bioavailability of cadmium ions, and on the other hand, the calcium ions contained in the hydrated lime can wrap and discharge the cadmium ions out of the body by forming calcium oxalate, so that the toxicity (cadmium) removing capability of the plant is enhanced; on one hand, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can provide calcium element to enhance the toxicity (cadmium) removing capability of plants, on the other hand, the phosphorus element in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can promote cadmium ions at roots to form insoluble phosphate precipitate, so that the bioavailability of cadmium is reduced, and the magnesium can enhance the photosynthesis of the plants to improve the resistance to cadmium; silicon in the potassium silicate and cadmium can form coprecipitation with small solubility and poor mobility, and on the other hand, the silicon absorbed by plants can enhance the silicification degree of plant cell walls, reduce the cell permeability of cadmium and further reduce the cadmium absorption amount of rice plants.
The soil conditioner contemplated by the present invention as described above comprises a cadmium antagonist that is a zinc salt, preferably zinc sulfate. Zinc and cadmium have similar extra-nuclear electronic configuration and chemical properties, and zinc and cadmium transmission systems in plant cells are the same, and the zinc and cadmium transmission systems have the functions of mutual substitution and competitive absorption. Therefore, the zinc content in the soil can be improved by adding the zinc salt, so that the advantage of cadmium on competitive binding sites is reduced, and the absorption and the transportation of plants to cadmium are reduced. The sulfate ion can be combined with cadmium ion to form CdSO4Then CdSO4Can be reduced into insoluble CdS, and reduces the activity of cadmium ions in soil.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the carbon-hui grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of carbon grass carbon, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 2-8 parts of potassium silicate, 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate and 5-15 parts of hydrated lime; alternatively, the soil conditioner may further comprise 5 to 10 parts of a granulation binder in addition to the above-mentioned main effective components.
Further, the carbon-hui grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of carbon grass carbon, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 3-4 parts of potassium silicate, 8-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 5-10 parts of slaked lime; alternatively, the soil conditioner may further comprise 5 to 10 parts of a granulation binder in addition to the above-mentioned main effective components.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carbon-hui-grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 45 parts of carbon-sink peat, 25 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of potassium silicate, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 7 parts of hydrated lime, or 10 parts of modified cassava starch in addition to the main effective components.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the carbon-hui-grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 50 parts of carbon-sink peat, 20 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of potassium silicate, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 5 parts of slaked lime; alternatively, the soil conditioner may further comprise 10 parts of a granulation binder in addition to the above-mentioned main effective components.
Further, the carbon hui grass peat is made from one or more of, including but not limited to, Miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), Pennisetum purpureum (Pennisetum purpureum), Phragmites communis (Phragmites communis), Arundo donax (Arundo dona), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and the like; among them, the Miscanthus preferably employs biomass-large Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis), Miscanthus floridus (Miscanthus floridus), anaphalis yedoensis (Miscanthus sacchariforus), triarrhena sacchariflora (Miscanthus luteoriparius), miraculus japonicas (Miscanthus x giganteus) or artificial hybrid species such as Miscanthus spicata No. 1-3 and Miscanthus spicata No. 1-3.
Further, the carbon hui grass carbon is prepared from carbon hui grass (such as triarrhena sacchariflora and arundo donax) with large biomass and high lignification degree.
Further, the pH value of the carbon hui grass carbon is 9.0-10.3.
Furthermore, the carbon straw carbon has a developed multistage pore structure, the pore diameter is 2-9 mu m, and the specific surface area can reach 80-200m2And contains a large number of charged groups such as hydroxyl groups (mainly phenolic hydroxyl groups, alcoholic hydroxyl groups), carboxyl groups on the inner surfaces of the pores.
Further, the content of N in the carbon hui grass carbon is 20-40g/kg, and P is2O5The content is 10-15g/kg, K2The content of O is 15-25 g/kg.
Further, the carbon hui grass carbon can be prepared by carbonizing carbon hui grass plants by adopting a thermal cracking technology, the thermal cracking technology preferably adopts an improved biomass gasification poly-generation technology, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: after the carbon hui grass biomass is primarily crushed (preferably about 5cm long), the carbon hui grass biomass is firstly subjected to oxygen-limited thermal cracking for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, water is added as a gasifying agent, then the carbon hui grass biomass is oxidized at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, and finally the carbon hui grass carbon is obtained by reduction at the temperature of 600-800 ℃. The carbon yield of the carbon hui grass carbon prepared by the method is about 35 percent.
The carbon photograph of triarrhena prepared from triarrhena as raw material by the above method is shown in FIG. 2.
Further, the humic acid is humic acid or potassium humate with water-soluble active ingredients of more than or equal to 40%.
Further, the granulation adhesive comprises modified corn and cassava starch.
Further, the effective P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content is more than or equal to 12 percent.
Further, the zinc sulfate is anhydrous zinc sulfate or agricultural heptahydrate zinc sulfate with the purity of more than or equal to 98 percent.
The starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by methods conventional in the art.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbon-leymus chinensis carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
1) placing the carbon-mixed grass carbon into a zinc sulfate solution (the mass concentration of pure zinc sulfate is about 5%) according to a ratio, fully soaking for at least 24 hours generally, fishing out, drying, crushing and sieving (preferably sieving by a sieve of 60-80 meshes) for later use;
2) respectively sieving humic acid, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and slaked lime (preferably sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve), and mixing at a certain ratio;
3) uniformly mixing the materials prepared in the step 1) and the step 2) or the granulation adhesive according to the proportion to obtain dry materials; then uniformly spraying potassium silicate solution (the mass concentration is generally 60%) into the dry material according to the proportion to obtain a wet material; granulating and drying to obtain the carbon-hui grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner.
And (3) granulating, namely extruding a wet material prepared from the soil conditioner into granules or cylinders by using a mechanical granulator, and drying at a low temperature to obtain the carbon-sink peat-based rice cadmium-reducing soil conditioner.
The photo of the triarrhena carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner particles prepared by the method is shown in figure 3.
The invention also provides application of the carbon-sink grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner in crop planting.
The crops comprise rice, melons and the like.
The application method of the carbon-sink carbon-based rice cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following steps: before the rotary tillage of the rice field, the rice field is applied to the cadmium-polluted rice field according to the application amount of 300-500kg (the specific application amount is determined according to the cadmium pollution level and the pH value of the soil) per mu, and the rice can be transplanted after the rotary tillage, the irrigation and the field soaking are carried out for 5-7 days. The application of the soil conditioner can reduce the cadmium content in the rice by 15 percent. If the carbon-based controlled-release ecological fertilizer prepared from the carbon-sink turf is applied, the cadmium reduction effect is more obvious.
The invention also comprises the application of the carbon remittance turf in the aspects of reducing the cadmium content of soil and the like.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows: can realize large CO by planting the carbon sink grass2Absorbing, and then absorbing CO in the carbon sink grass by using a thermal cracking carbonization technology2The high-efficiency long-term carbon fixation can be realized by converting the carbon into the biochar with strong stability; the carbon-sink peat is prepared with other cadmium passivators and antagonists to prepare a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner is applied to cadmium-polluted fields to realize safe sealing of fixed carbon and reduce cadmium in soilThe biological activity of the ions further reduces the cadmium content in the corresponding crops; the carbon sequestration grass carbon is prepared into the soil conditioner, so that the carbon sequestration product is recycled, and the economic benefit of carbon sequestration is improved. The implementation of the invention simultaneously realizes CO2The method has the advantages of economic, efficient and safe sealing, improvement of cadmium-polluted soil and improvement of the quality of agricultural products, namely, maximization of environmental, economic and agricultural benefits is realized simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of applying different types of triarrhena carbon-based soil conditioners on the cadmium content of rice grains in Experimental example 3.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the carbon of triarrhena obtained by thermal cracking according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a photo of the triarrhena carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner particles prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
If no special description is provided, the humic acid is humic acid with water-soluble effective components of more than or equal to 40%; effective P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content is more than or equal to 12 percent; the zinc sulfate is anhydrous zinc sulfate or agricultural zinc sulfate heptahydrate with the purity of more than or equal to 98 percent.
Example 1
The carbon-hui grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 45 parts of carbon-sink grass triarrhena carbon, 25 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of potassium silicate, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 7 parts of hydrated lime and 10 parts of modified cassava starch.
The preparation method of the carbon silvergrass triarrhena carbon comprises the following steps: after the biomass of the triarrhena bunge is primarily crushed (about 5cm long), the biomass is firstly thermally cracked for 2 to 3 hours under the temperature of 450 ℃, water is added as a gasifying agent, then the biomass is oxidized at the temperature of 600 ℃, and finally the biomass is reduced at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain the carbon triarrhena bunge carbon.
The preparation method of the carbon-sink carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) placing the carbon-containing grass carbon into a zinc sulfate solution (the mass concentration of pure zinc sulfate is 5%) according to the proportion, fully soaking for at least 24h, taking out, drying, crushing into 60-80 meshes, and sieving for later use;
2) respectively sieving humic acid, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and slaked lime with a 60-80 mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing according to the proportion for later use;
3) uniformly mixing the materials prepared in the step 1) and the step 2) and a granulation adhesive according to a ratio to obtain a dry material; then uniformly spraying potassium silicate solution (with the mass concentration of 60%) into the dry material according to the proportion to obtain a wet material; granulating and drying to obtain the carbon-hui grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner.
Example 2
The carbon-hui grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 50 parts of carbon-sink grass triarrhena carbon, 20 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of potassium silicate, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of hydrated lime and 10 parts of modified cassava starch.
The preparation methods of the carbon hui grass triarrhena carbon and the carbon hui grass triarrhena carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner are the same as example 1.
Experimental example 1 "triarrhena sacchariflora-charcoal" CO in carbon sequestration mode2Emission reduction potential analysis
According to the measurement and calculation of the charcoal fixing model, the carbon sink grass absorbs CO through photosynthesis250% of the total is consumed by respiration and returned to the atmosphere again, and the other 50% is stored as organic matter in the biomass. Underground organs (about 20% of the total biomass) cannot be destroyed as propagules for the next year plants, and the harvesting difficulty and the harvesting cost are high, and the underground organs are not harvested generally. Underground biomass-fixed CO2(absorb 10% of the total carbon) will be mineralized and decomposed by the microorganisms and then released into the atmosphere again. The photosynthetic overground biomass (about 80% of the total biomass) is pyrolyzed into biochar, wherein half of the carbon (20% of the total carbon absorbed) is converted into biochar for fixation and sequestration. The other half of the carbon is converted into biogas, and the biogas can be used for replacing fossil fuel by burning, namely passing throughReducing fossil fuel consumption to realize alternative emission reduction. Since biochar is very stable, only about 5% of the carbon can be mineralized and decomposed into CO2Returning to the atmosphere. Therefore, the potential of reducing the emission of the biochar is plant CO235% of the total absorption, including 15% of the fixed packing quantity and 20% of the alternative displacement reduction quantity. In the long sand area, the average total biomass of the triarrhena sacchariflora on the ground and underground every year is about 60t/ha, the biomass carbon content is about 45 percent, namely the CO can be reduced every year by planting one hectare of triarrhena sacchariflora and thermally cracking the biomass2Discharge 70 tons, including biochar fixing CO2About 30 tons, substitute for reducing CO emission2About 40 tons. The carbon fixing amount in 50 years can reach 40 times of that of newly-built carbon-sink forest in the same area.
Experimental example 2 evaluation of cadmium reduction potential of rice by using triarrhena sacchariflora carbon-based cadmium reduction soil conditioner by pot culture method
In the embodiment, the cadmium reduction potential of the rice of the triarrhena carbon-based cadmium reduction soil conditioner with different proportions is evaluated by adopting a pot experiment method. The experiment is arranged in a hoeing experimental base of Hunan agriculture university: the tested rice variety is the deep two excellent 5814, which belongs to indica type two-line hybrid rice; the soil type to be tested is acid viscous red soil (pH is 5.32), the organic matter content is 1.37g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.58g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.26g/kg, the total potassium content is 15.27g/kg, and the cadmium content is 0.072 mg/kg. Pulverizing the air-dried soil, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and sieving 35kg of soil, 120g of soil conditioner to be tested and 10g of compound fertilizer (N: P) special for rice2O5:K2O21: 7:12) are mixed and put into a watertight cultivating barrel. In the experimental example, two carbon-sink grass carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioners are adopted, namely the triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 1 (experimental group 1) and the triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 2 (experimental group 2). Treatments without soil conditioner (CK treatment) were used as controls, each treatment was repeated three times.
Each cultivation bucket was filled with 25L of CdCl dissolved in 71.5mg2·21/2H2And (3) depositing tap water (equivalent to 0.8 mg/kg of cadmium content in the soil) of O for one week, and then using the deposited tap water as the matrix soil for the rice pot culture. Transplanting seedlings in the middle ten days of the 6 months, wherein each seedling is transplanted in seven holes, and each hole is one seedling. The whole growth period of the rice is carried out according to the standard production rule of the rice, and other cultivation management measuresAnd (5) the consistency is achieved. After the rice is matured for 10 months, 3 rice plants with consistent biological characteristics are selected from each barrel, and the total weight of the overground part stems, the yield of grains and the cadmium ion content of the stems and the grains are measured. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 results of the experiment
As can be seen from the above table 1, the 2 triarrhena carbon-based soil conditioners can reduce the cadmium content of the stalks and grains of the tested rice on the premise of not affecting the yield of rice grains. Compared with the treatment without applying the soil conditioner, the cadmium content of the rice stem and the cadmium content of the grains are respectively reduced by 54.4 percent and 47.3 percent after the triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 1 is applied. The triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 2 has a more remarkable cadmium reduction effect, the cadmium content (0.122mg/kg) in rice grains is only 38.9% of that of rice grains treated by control CK, the cadmium content in the rice grains is reduced by 61.1%, and the cadmium reduction effect reaches a remarkable level. All this is attributed to the fact that the soil conditioner reduces the absorption rate of the rice plant to cadmium ions: after the triarrhena carbon-based soil conditioner is applied, the cadmium absorption rate of rice plants is reduced by half, and only less than 1% of cadmium is transferred from soil to the rice plants.
Experimental example 3 evaluation of cadmium reduction potential of rice by field method for triarrhena sacchariflora carbon-based cadmium reduction soil conditioner
In the embodiment, the field test method is adopted to evaluate the cadmium reduction potential of the rice of the triarrhena carbon-based cadmium reduction soil conditioner with different proportions. The test is set in shozhou city of Hunan province, and the rice variety to be tested is a low-cadmium absorption type variety 'Liangyou 336'; the soil to be tested is green mud-filled soil, and has the main physicochemical properties: pH 6.18, total nitrogen 2.44g/kg, organic matter 48.6g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 229mg/kg, available phosphorus 55.1mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 127mg/kg, slow-acting potassium 217mg/kg, cation exchange capacity 11.0cmol (+)/kg, total phosphorus 1.80g/kg, total potassium 17.8g/kg, cadmium content 0.450 mg/kg. The test was run in a randomized block design, with 3 total treatments including control CK (no soil conditioner applied), treatment T1 (application of the triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 1)And treatment T2 (triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 2), each treatment set 3 replicates. Common fertilizer (N: P) in the above treatment2O5:K2Rice special compound fertilizer with O21: 7:12) is applied at one time of 600kg/hm2The two triarrhena carbon-based soil conditioners are respectively applied at one time of 4500kg/hm2. Each test cell area is 20m2(4 x 5m), 280 holes are transplanted in each cell, 1 seedling is planted in each hole, and the row spacing is 30 x 20 cm. Transplanting the seedlings in the middle 6 th of the month in 2016, and transplanting the seedlings by adopting manual wire pulling to ensure that the number of the seedlings in each cell is consistent and the row spacing and the plant spacing are consistent. Isolation ridges and irrigation and drainage ditches are arranged among the cells, and protection lines are arranged around the isolation ridges and irrigation and drainage ditches. The ridge height of the isolation ridge is 15cm, the ridge width is 20cm, the isolation ridge is fixed and formed after ridging, then a double-layer mulching film is covered, the mulching film is tensioned to enable two sides to be inserted under the plough layer, and then the isolation ridge is tightly pressed and sealed by soil. Irrigation water in the irrigation drainage ditch can not flow out, so that the fertilizer is prevented from losing. After the rice is mature, 5 rice plants with consistent growth vigor are selected in each treatment, the ears of the plants are separated from the plant at the ear nodes, the plants are respectively dried for 72 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to be in a constant weight state, and the rice seeds are selected and crushed after being cooled to the room temperature. After wet digestion of the crushed rice grain sample by concentrated nitric acid, the cadmium content in the grain is determined by a plasma emission spectrometer ICP (thermo Electron Corp).
The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 1.
As shown in figure 1, the application of the triarrhena carbon-based soil conditioner can reduce the cadmium content in the tested rice grains, and the cadmium content of the rice grains treated by the test is CK more than T1 more than T2 from high to low. The cadmium content of rice grains without carbon-based soil conditioner (CK treatment) is 0.311mg/kg, which is far beyond the hygienic standard (less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg) of cadmium in raw grains specified by the national food hygienic standard GBn 238-84. After the triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in Nanwei example 1 is applied (treated by T1), the cadmium content of the rice (0.229mg/kg) is reduced by 26.4 percent compared with that of the control CK treatment; after the triarrhena carbon-based conditioner prepared in example 2 is applied (treated by T2), the cadmium content (0.191mg/kg) of rice grains is reduced by 38.6%, and the cadmium reduction effect reaches a remarkable level. The cadmium content of the rice treated by the T2 is lower than the sanitary standard of cadmium content of raw grain specified by the national food sanitary standard GBn 238-84. Therefore, the application of the triarrhena carbon-based soil conditioner can effectively reduce the cadmium content of rice grains.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (12)
1. The carbon-sink-grass-carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner is characterized in that the preparation method of the carbon-sink-grass-carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the carbon-sink grass carbon in zinc sulfate solution, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving for later use;
(2) respectively sieving humic acid, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and slaked lime, and mixing uniformly for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the undersize products obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) or the granulation adhesive to obtain dry materials; then spraying a potassium silicate solution into the dry material to obtain a wet material; granulating and drying to obtain the finished product;
the active components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of carbon grass carbon, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 2-8 parts of potassium silicate, 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate and 5-15 parts of hydrated lime; or, also comprises 5-10 parts of granulation adhesive;
the preparation method of the carbon hui grass carbon comprises the following steps: primarily crushing the carbon hutch biomass, then carrying out oxygen-limited thermal cracking for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, adding water as a gasifying agent, then carrying out oxidation at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, and finally carrying out reduction at the temperature of 600-800 ℃ to obtain the carbon hutch carbon.
2. The carbon straw carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon straw carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of carbon grass carbon, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 3-4 parts of potassium silicate, 8-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 5-10 parts of slaked lime; or 5-10 parts of granulation adhesive.
3. The carbon-remittance charcoal-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that the active components comprise, in parts by weight: 45 parts of carbon-sink peat, 25 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of potassium silicate, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 7 parts of slaked lime; or 10 parts of modified cassava starch.
4. The carbon straw carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carbon straw carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner comprises the following active components in parts by weight: 50 parts of carbon-sink peat, 20 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of potassium silicate, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 5 parts of slaked lime; alternatively, 10 parts of granulation binder is also included.
5. The carbon sink peat-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carbon sink peat is made of one or more of miscanthus, pennisetum, reed, arundo donax, switchgrass, elephant grass, silvergrass, triarrhena armandii, fanggang, and Hunan triarrhena 1-3.
6. The carbon-plus-grass-carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner as claimed in claim 5, wherein the miscanthus is selected from miscanthus sinensis, miscanthus floridulus and Xiangzai miscanthus 1-3.
7. The carbon remittance charcoal-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH value of the carbon remittance charcoal is 9.0 to 10.3.
8. The carbon remittance charcoal-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carbon remittance charcoal has pore diameters of 2 to 9 μm and specific surface areas of 80 to 200m2/g。
9. The carbon remittance peat-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carbon remittance peat has an N content of20-40 g/kg， P2O5The content is 10-15g/kg, K2The content of O is 15-25 g/kg.
10. Use of the carbon-remittance charcoal-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for crop cultivation.
11. The use of the carbon-remittance peat-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner according to claim 10 for planting crops, including rice, melon.
12. The application of the carbon remicade carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner on crop planting according to claim 10, wherein the application amount of the carbon remicade carbon-based cadmium-reducing soil conditioner is 500kg per mu.
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| CN115502198B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-11-14 | 永清环保股份有限公司 | Method for carbon fixation and cadmium reduction of farmland with light and medium heavy metal pollution |
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| CN104549154A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method of biological activated carbon capable of safely adsorbing cadmium in water |
| CN106083484A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of fast-growing carbon remittance south Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim) Benth et Hook f charcoal base soil conditioner and application thereof |
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