CN114940909B - Karst region lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Karst region lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner in karst regions, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components: 20-30% of sepiolite, 40-50% of tail vegetable compost containing 300-500 CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 10-20% of red mud, 3-7% of quicklime, 3-7% of ground phosphate rock and 3-7% of humic acid. The soil conditioner has simple preparation method, can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals lead and cadmium in karst regions, lighten the enrichment amount of cabbages, and can improve the yield and the quality safety quality of the cabbages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner in karst regions and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, the heavy metal pollution of soil in China is severe, the production of crops is influenced, meanwhile, the harm to human health is generated, and the national importance is attached to soil treatment, restoration and the like. A large number of specialists use soil conditioners or passivating agents for treatment to reduce the hazard of heavy metals. Common soil conditioners are various, but have single functions or poor treatment effect of partial indexes.
Cabbage is a common vegetable with rich nutrition, contains rich crude fiber, vitamin C and the like, and also has the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxicating. The cabbage produced in the karst plateau region has the characteristics of sufficient sweetness and good taste, is a regional dominant vegetable variety, but the soil in the region is generally poor in fertility, and meanwhile, part of the region is positioned in heavy metal high background regions such as lead, cadmium and the like, so that the safety production of the cabbage is seriously influenced. Common soil conditioners in the market are generally low in pertinence or high in price, and part of products are difficult to combine fertility and synergy and heavy metal passivation, so that the common soil conditioners are difficult to popularize and apply in the area.
The invention discloses a conditioner for repairing moderate and slight acidic cadmium polluted soil, a preparation method and application thereof, and the conditioner is prepared from red mud, quicklime, sepiolite and biochar according to a certain proportion, and comprises the following steps: A. respectively crushing sepiolite, biochar and quicklime, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A; B. adding water into the mixture A, stirring while adding water, uniformly mixing the water with the mixture A to generate heat, and stopping stirring when the mixture A generates boiling phenomenon; C. after the mixture A is cooled, adding crushed red mud into a vertical stirrer, and uniformly stirring; D. and detecting to obtain the conditioner.
Technical problem of application number CN 201611047188.0: (1) It is difficult to combine soil fertility synergism and passivation of heavy metal cadmium and lead; (2) The method is not suitable for planting cabbages in karst plateau areas, and the yield of the cabbages is low. (3) The preparation method of the conditioner is complex and is not suitable for industrial production.
Aiming at the problems, the combination of vegetable production is one of twelve major industries in Guizhou, and a large number of tail vegetables are produced in the production or sales links, so that the tail vegetables are directly abandoned to cause environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to realize the utilization of waste resources by using the tail vegetable compost, the invention team obtains a soil conditioner with simple preparation method by a great amount of experimental researches on the planting of cabbages in view of the high background soil of lead and cadmium in karst regions, can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal lead and cadmium in the karst regions, lighten the enrichment amount in the cabbages and can improve the yield and the quality safety quality of the cabbages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner in karst regions.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner in karst regions.
The invention further aims to provide an application of the conditioner in reducing lead and cadmium pollution in karst soil.
The conditioner disclosed by the invention comprises the following components: 20-30% of sepiolite, 40-50% of tail vegetable compost containing 300-500 CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 10-20% of red mud, 3-7% of quicklime, 3-7% of ground phosphate rock and 3-7% of humic acid.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
the conditioner disclosed by the invention comprises the following components: 22-28% of sepiolite, 42-48% of tail vegetable compost containing 360-440 kilocfu/kg of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of red mud, 4-6% of quicklime, 4-6% of ground phosphate rock and 4-6% of humic acid.
The conditioner disclosed by the invention comprises the following components: 25% of sepiolite, 45% of tail vegetable compost containing 400 kilo CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
The preparation method of the conditioner comprises the following steps: and taking the tail vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, storing the mixture for 3-4 days by a coating film, taking out the mixture, and then adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The preparation method of the conditioner comprises the following steps: taking the tail vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, coating and storing for 3 days, taking out, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The conditioner disclosed by the invention is applied to the aspect of reducing lead and cadmium pollution in the soil in karst regions.
The conditioner disclosed by the invention is applied to the aspect of reducing the lead and cadmium enrichment amount of cabbages in karst regions.
The conditioner is applied to improving the soil fertility and the yield of cabbage planting in karst regions.
The application method of the conditioner in the planting of the Chinese cabbage comprises the following steps: before planting the Chinese cabbage, the weight of the Chinese cabbage is 4000-6000 kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
The application method of the conditioner in the planting of the Chinese cabbage comprises the following steps: before planting Chinese cabbage, the weight of Chinese cabbage is 5000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
The tail vegetable compost comprises the following steps: is the compost of the tail vegetables calculated by dry matters.
1. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal lead and cadmium in karst regions and reduce the enrichment amount of lead and cadmium in cabbages; the increase of the compost of the tail vegetables can improve the yield and the quality safety quality of the cabbages, treat the tail vegetables in situ, reduce pollution and waste and utilize waste; the conditioner uses red mud and phosphate rock powder which are industrial pollutants and compost of vegetable industry waste, and can realize aluminum processing and comprehensive utilization of the phosphorus industry waste and the vegetable industry waste.
2. The invention is subjected to screening test of the proportion of the conditioner formula, laboratory simulation planting and field planting test, and the preferable formula of the conditioner is determined according to the percentage of effective reduction of the detected soil heavy metals and the percentage of increase of the yield of Chinese cabbage: 25% of sepiolite, 45% of tail vegetable compost (comprising 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
3. The invention determines the optimal preparation method of the conditioner according to the percentage of reduction of the effective state of the detected soil heavy metal and the percentage of increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage by screening the preparation method of the conditioner, and combines the advantages of soil fertility enhancement and heavy metal passivation.
4. The invention has the result that the dosage of the conditioner is 5000kg/hm after investigation 2 "and" 6000kg/hm 2 The percentage of reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil after planting the Chinese cabbage and the percentage of increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage are both high, the PH of the soil is moderately increased, and the planting cost is considered to be 5000kg/hm 2 "is a preferred amount.
5. According to the invention, through the comparative experiment investigation of using different conditioning agents for cabbage planting, the results show that the conditioning agents prepared by the method are higher than the comparative examples in percentage of reduction of the effective state of the soil heavy metal and the yield of the cabbage after the cabbage is planted, and the superiority and rationality of the method are further proved.
Description of the embodiments
The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
25% of sepiolite, 45% of tail vegetable compost (comprising 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
20% of sepiolite, 50% of tail vegetable compost (comprising 300 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 15% of red mud, 4% of quicklime, 6% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
30% of sepiolite, 40% of tail vegetable compost (comprising 500 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 10% of red mud, 7% of quicklime, 7% of ground phosphate rock and 6% of humic acid.
20% of sepiolite, 45% of tail vegetable compost (containing 360 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 20% of red mud, 3% of quicklime, 7% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
Sepiolite 28%, tail vegetable compost (containing 440 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter) 48%, red mud 12%, quicklime 4%, ground phosphate rock 4% and humic acid 4%.
30% of sepiolite, 40% of tail vegetable compost (comprising 350 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 14% of red mud, 3% of quicklime, 7% of ground phosphate rock and 6% of humic acid.
The formulations of examples 1-6 were prepared according to any one of the preparation methods of examples 7-9
Taking the tail vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis and calcium lime according to the proportion of the formula, stirring uniformly in a stirrer, storing the mixture for 3 days by a coating film, taking out the mixture, and adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and stirring uniformly to obtain the conditioner.
Taking the tail vegetable compost (containing 300 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis and quicklime based on dry matter) according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, then coating a film, storing for 3.5 days, taking out, and then adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
Taking the tail vegetable compost (containing 500 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis and calcium lime according to the proportion of the formula, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, storing the mixture for 4 days by a coating film, taking out the mixture, and then adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The conditioner prepared by any one of examples 7 to 9 was used according to any one of examples 10 to 12
Before planting Chinese cabbage, the weight of Chinese cabbage is 5000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
Before planting cabbage, the weight of the cabbage is 4000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
Before planting Chinese cabbage, the weight of Chinese cabbage is 6000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
To prove the scientificity and rationality of the invention, the inventors conducted the following experimental studies:
sepiolite: mineral product processing plant for Kunqiu county
Tail compost (on dry matter): and collecting and drying part of moisture from the tail vegetables, and composting to obtain the finished product.
Red mud: aluminum oxide Co.Ltd
Quicklime: kaili quicklime powder plant
Phosphate rock powder: phosphate rock powder factory of Fuxing mineral products limited company in Yinzhou province, kaiyang county
Humic acid: shandong Hongsheng chemical Co., ltd
Bacillus subtilis: shaanxi Hengtian biological agriculture Co.Ltd
2.1 laboratory simulation test
Sepiolite, cabbage compost (containing 400 kilo CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis) red mud, quicklime, ground phosphate rock and humic acid are respectively taken and proportioned according to the proportion of table 1, prepared according to the preparation method of example 7, and after simulated use in a laboratory, the preferable proportioning proportion is determined according to the yield of cabbage and the content of cadmium and lead in soil, and the result is shown in table 1.
2.2 field simulation test
The conditioner prepared under item "2.1" was taken and tested in the field and the results are shown in Table 2.
2.3 results
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the conditioning agents numbered "T2-1" and "F2-1" were formulated to show in both laboratory and field tests: the percentage of the effective state reduction of the heavy metal in the soil and the percentage of the increase of the yield of the cabbage are both higher, the PH of the soil is moderate, and the proportion is the preferable proportion in the whole consideration, namely the formula of the conditioner is' sepiolite 25%, the tail vegetable compost containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg bacillus subtilis 45%, red mud 15%, quicklime 5%, ground phosphate rock 5% and humic acid 5%.
The conditioning agents were prepared by the following methods, respectively, taking the formulation of "example 1", and the results are shown in table 3.
The method comprises the following steps: sepiolite and cabbage compost (containing 400 kilocfu/kg bacillus subtilis by dry matter) are taken according to the formula proportion, red mud, quicklime, ground phosphate rock and humic acid are mixed, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain the conditioner.
The second method is as follows: sepiolite and cabbage compost (containing 400 kilocfu/kg of bacillus subtilis by dry matter) are taken according to the formula proportion, red mud, quicklime, ground phosphate rock and humic acid are mixed, and the mixture is uniformly stirred, covered with a film and stored for 3 days and then taken out to obtain the conditioner.
And a third method: taking the tail vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg bacillus subtilis by dry matter) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, taking out after the film is covered and stored for 2 days, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The method four: taking the tail vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg bacillus subtilis by dry matter) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, taking out after the film is covered and stored for 3 days, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
And a fifth method: taking the tail vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg bacillus subtilis by dry matter) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, taking out after the film is covered and stored for 4 days, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
Results: as can be seen from Table 3, the conditioner prepared by the method four and the method five has higher percentage of reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil and percentage of increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage after planting the Chinese cabbage, and the PH of the soil is moderately increased, so that the method four is the preparation method of the preferable conditioner in the whole consideration.
The conditioning agent was prepared according to the formulation of "example 1" and the preparation method of "example 7", and the Chinese cabbage was planted in different amounts, and the results are shown in table 4.
Results: as is clear from Table 4, the amount of the catalyst was "5000kg/hm 2 "and" 6000kg/hm 2 The percentage of reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil after planting the Chinese cabbage and the percentage of increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage are both high, the PH of the soil is moderately increased, and the planting cost is considered to be 5000kg/hm 2 "is a preferred amount.
5.1 test regulator Source
Comparative example 1: a modulator prepared by application number CN 201611047188.0;
comparative example 2: commercial soil planting regulators;
the regulator comprises: prepared according to the formulation of "example 1" and the preparation method of "example 7".
5.2 test methods
Three regulators under the item "5.1" were applied according to the respective application amounts of the regulators, and cabbage planting was performed in karst regions, and the results are shown in table 5.
Results: the conditioner prepared by the method has the advantages that the percentage of reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil after planting the cabbages and the yield of the cabbages are higher than those of the comparative example, so that the superiority and rationality of the method are further proved.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description, with reference to specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements can be made thereto, and it is therefore intended that the invention as defined in the appended claims be construed as broadly as possible without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner in karst regions comprises the following components: 20-30% of sepiolite, 40-50% of tail vegetable compost containing 300-500 CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 10-20% of red mud, 3-7% of quicklime, 3-7% of ground phosphate rock and 3-7% of humic acid; the method is characterized in that:
the preparation method of the conditioner comprises the following steps: and taking the tail vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, storing the mixture for 3-4 days by a coating film, taking out the mixture, and then adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
2. A conditioner prepared by the process of claim 1, wherein the conditioner consists of: 22-28% of sepiolite, 42-48% of tail vegetable compost containing 360-440 kilocfu/kg of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of red mud, 4-6% of quicklime, 4-6% of ground phosphate rock and 4-6% of humic acid.
3. The conditioner of claim 2, wherein the conditioner consists of: 25% of sepiolite, 45% of tail vegetable compost containing 400 kilo CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
4. The method for preparing the conditioning agent according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the conditioning agent comprises the following steps: taking the tail vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, coating and storing for 3 days, taking out, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
5. The application of the conditioner according to any one of claims 2-3 in reducing lead and cadmium pollution of karst soil.
6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that said conditioner is used for reducing the lead and cadmium enrichment of chinese cabbage in karst regions.
7. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that said conditioner is used for increasing the fertility and the yield of the cabbage planting soil in karst regions.
8. The use according to claim 5, wherein the conditioning agent is applied in the planting of chinese cabbage by the following method: before planting the Chinese cabbage, the weight of the Chinese cabbage is 4000-6000 kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the conditioning agent is applied in the planting of chinese cabbage by the following method: before planting Chinese cabbage, the weight of Chinese cabbage is 5000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the soil in the land, turning over to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and planting the Chinese cabbage.
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