CN114940909A - Karst region lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Karst region lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a karst region lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components: 20-30% of sepiolite, 40-50% of tailed vegetable compost containing 300-500 CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 10-20% of red mud, 3-7% of quicklime, 3-7% of ground phosphate rock and 3-7% of humic acid. The soil conditioner is simple in preparation method, can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal lead and cadmium in karst regions, reduces the enrichment amount in Chinese cabbages, and can improve the yield and quality safety quality of the Chinese cabbages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a karst region lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, the heavy metal pollution of soil is severe, the production of crops is influenced, and meanwhile, the harm is generated to the health of human bodies. A number of experts use soil conditioners or passivators for treatment to reduce the hazard of heavy metals. The common soil conditioners have a plurality of types, but have single function or poor treatment effect on part of indexes.
The Chinese cabbage is a common vegetable, has rich nutrition, contains rich crude fiber, vitamin C and the like, and also has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity. The Chinese cabbage produced in the karst plateau area has the characteristics of sufficient sweet taste and good taste, is a regional dominant vegetable variety, but the soil in the area is generally poor in fertility, and meanwhile, part of areas are in high background areas of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and the safety production of the Chinese cabbage is seriously influenced. Common soil conditioners in the market are generally low in pertinence or too high in price, and partial products are difficult to combine fertility synergism and heavy metal passivation, so that the common soil conditioners are difficult to popularize and apply in the area.
The application number CN201611047188.0 discloses a conditioner for repairing medium and light acid cadmium polluted soil, a preparation method and application thereof, and discloses a conditioner which is composed of red mud, quicklime, sepiolite and biochar according to a certain proportion, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: A. respectively crushing sepiolite, biochar and quicklime, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A; B. adding water into the mixture A while stirring to uniformly mix the water with the mixture A to generate heat, and stopping stirring when the mixture A is boiled; C. after the mixture A is cooled, adding the crushed red mud into a vertical stirrer, and uniformly stirring; D. and detecting to obtain the conditioner.
The technical problem of application No. CN201611047188.0 is: (1) soil fertility synergism and passivation of heavy metals cadmium and lead are difficult to be considered; (2) is not suitable for planting Chinese cabbages in karst plateau areas, and leads to low yield of the Chinese cabbages. (3) The preparation method of the conditioner is complex and is not suitable for industrial production.
Aiming at the problems, the combination of vegetable production is one of twelve major industries in Guizhou, and a large amount of tail vegetables are produced in the production or sale link and are directly discarded to cause environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to use the tailed vegetable compost and realize the resource utilization of wastes, the invention team obtains a soil conditioner with a simple preparation method by researching a large amount of tests on the planting of the Chinese cabbage in view of the high background soil of lead and cadmium in the karst region, can reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal lead and cadmium in the karst region, reduces the enrichment amount in the Chinese cabbage, and can improve the yield and the quality safety quality of the Chinese cabbage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lead-cadmium polluted soil conditioner in karst regions.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the conditioner for the lead-cadmium polluted soil in the karst region.
The invention also aims to provide application of the conditioner in reducing lead and cadmium pollution in soil of the karst region.
The conditioner provided by the invention comprises the following components: 20-30% of sepiolite, 40-50% of tailed vegetable compost containing 300-500 CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 10-20% of red mud, 3-7% of quicklime, 3-7% of ground phosphate rock and 3-7% of humic acid.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the conditioner provided by the invention comprises the following components: 22-28% of sepiolite, 42-48% of rape compost containing 360-440 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of red mud, 4-6% of quicklime, 4-6% of ground phosphate rock and 4-6% of humic acid.
It is further preferred that the first and second liquid compositions are,
the conditioner provided by the invention comprises the following components: 25% of sepiolite, 45% of tailed vegetable compost containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
The preparation method of the conditioner comprises the following steps: taking the tailed vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring the mixture in a stirrer, covering a film, storing the film for 3-4 days, taking the film out, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the preparation method of the conditioner comprises the following steps: taking the tailed vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring the mixture in a stirrer, then laminating the mixture, storing the mixture for 3 days, taking the mixture out, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the conditioner.
The conditioner disclosed by the invention is applied to the aspect of reducing the pollution of lead and cadmium in soil in the karst region.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the conditioner disclosed by the invention is applied to the aspect of reducing the lead and cadmium enrichment amount of the Chinese cabbage in the karst region.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the conditioner is applied to improving the fertility and the yield of the Chinese cabbage planting soil in the karst region.
The application method of the conditioner in Chinese cabbage planting comprises the following steps: before planting Chinese cabbage, the weight is 4000-6000 kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the mixture in a land block, turning over the mixture to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbages.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the application method of the conditioner in Chinese cabbage planting comprises the following steps: before planting Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage is planted according to the ratio of 5000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the mixture in a land block, turning over the mixture to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbages.
Composting the tail vegetables: is prepared from the Chinese cabbage and the Chinese cabbage through composting.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
1. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal lead and cadmium in karst regions, and reduce the enrichment amount of lead and cadmium in Chinese cabbages; the increase of the cabbage compost can improve the yield, the quality and the safety quality of the cabbage, the cabbage is treated in situ, the pollution and the waste are reduced, and the waste is utilized; the conditioner uses industrial pollutants such as red mud, powdered rock phosphate and vegetable industry waste tail vegetable compost, and can realize comprehensive utilization of aluminum processing, phosphorus chemical industry waste and vegetable industry waste.
2. The invention passes through screening test of the formula proportion of the conditioner, laboratory simulation planting and field planting test, and determines the optimal formula of the conditioner according to the percentage reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil and the percentage increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage as follows: 25% of sepiolite, 45% of waste vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
3. The invention determines the optimal preparation method of the conditioner according to the reduction percentage of the effective state of the detected soil heavy metal and the increase percentage of the yield of the Chinese cabbage by screening the preparation method of the conditioner, and has the advantages of soil fertility synergism and heavy metal passivation.
4. The invention is inspected by the dosage of the conditioner, and the result shows that the dosage is 5000kg/hm 2 "and" 6000kg/hm 2 The reduction percentage of the effective state of the heavy metals in the soil after the Chinese cabbage is planted and the yield increase percentage of the Chinese cabbage are both high, the PH of the soil is increased moderately, and the planting cost is considered to be 5000kg/hm 2 "is the preferred amount.
5. According to the invention, through the comparison test investigation of different conditioners for planting Chinese cabbages, the results show that the conditioner prepared by the method has the advantages that the percentage reduction of the effective states of heavy metals in soil after planting the Chinese cabbages and the yield of the Chinese cabbages are higher than those of a comparative example, and the superiority and rationality of the method are further proved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1 formulation
25% of sepiolite, 45% of tailed vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
Example 2 formulation
20% of sepiolite, 50% of tailed vegetable compost (containing 300 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in dry matter), 15% of red mud, 4% of quicklime, 6% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
Example 3 formulation
30% of sepiolite, 40% of tailed vegetable compost (containing 500 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in dry matter), 10% of red mud, 7% of quicklime, 7% of ground phosphate rock and 6% of humic acid.
Example 4 formulation
20% of sepiolite, 45% of tailed vegetable compost (containing 360 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 20% of red mud, 3% of quicklime, 7% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
Example 5 formulation
28% of sepiolite, 48% of rape compost (containing 440 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in dry matter), 12% of red mud, 4% of quicklime, 4% of ground phosphate rock and 4% of humic acid.
Example 6 formulation
30% of sepiolite, 40% of tailed vegetable compost (containing 350 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), 14% of red mud, 3% of quicklime, 7% of ground phosphate rock and 6% of humic acid.
The formulations of examples 1-6 were prepared according to the preparation methods of any of examples 7-9
EXAMPLE 7 preparation method
Taking the tailed vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, covering with a film, storing for 3 days, taking out, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
EXAMPLE 8 preparation method
Taking the tailed vegetable compost (containing 300 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, covering a film, storing for 3.5 days, taking out, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
Example 9 preparation method
Taking the tailed vegetable compost (containing 500 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, covering with a film, storing for 4 days, taking out, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The conditioner prepared by any one of the preparation methods of examples 7 to 9 is used in any one of the preparation methods of examples 10 to 12
EXAMPLE 10 method of use
Before planting Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage is planted according to the ratio of 5000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the fertilizer in the land, turning over till the conditioner enters the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbage.
Example 11 method of use
Before planting Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage is planted according to 4000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the mixture in a land block, turning over the mixture to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbages.
EXAMPLE 12 method of use
Before planting Chinese cabbage, according to 6000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the mixture in a land block, turning over the mixture to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbages.
To prove the scientificity and rationality of the invention, the inventors conducted the following experimental studies:
experimental example 1:
1 Experimental materials and sources
Sepiolite: lingshou county mineral processing factory built in Kun province
Compost of tailed vegetables (dry matter basis): collecting the dried part of water from the tail vegetables, and composting to obtain the fertilizer.
Red mud: china aluminum Zunyi alumina Co Ltd
Quick lime: kaili quicklime powder plant
Powdered rock phosphate: guizhou Kaiyang county Fuxing mineral product Limited's phosphate rock powder plant
Humic acid: shandong Hongshuda chemical Co Ltd
B, bacillus subtilis: hengtian biological agriculture Co Ltd of Shaanxi
2 screening of formula proportion of conditioner
2.1 laboratory simulation test
Sepiolite, waste pickle compost (containing 400 million CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in dry matter), red mud, quicklime, ground phosphate rock and humic acid are respectively taken and proportioned according to the proportion in the table 1, the preparation method is prepared according to the preparation method of 'example 7', after simulation use in a laboratory, the optimal proportioning proportion is determined according to the yield of the Chinese cabbage and the content of cadmium and lead in the soil, and the result is shown in the table 1.
Table 1 laboratory simulation test tables with different ratios
2.2 field simulation test
The conditioner prepared under item 2.1 was used, and after the field test, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 different proportions field test table
2.3 results
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the conditioning agents with the numbers "T2-1" and "F2-1" were shown in both the laboratory and field tests: the percentage reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil and the percentage increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage are both higher, the pH of the soil is moderate, and the proportion is the optimal proportion in the whole consideration, namely the formula of the conditioner is ' 25% of sepiolite, 45% of tailed vegetable compost containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis ', 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid '.
3 screening of preparation method of conditioner
The conditioning agents were prepared according to the following method, respectively, using the formulation of "example 1", and the results are shown in table 3.
The method comprises the following steps: mixing sepiolite, waste pickle compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in dry matter), red mud, quicklime, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the formula proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The second method comprises the following steps: taking sepiolite, waste vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter), red mud, quicklime, ground phosphate rock and humic acid according to the proportion of the formula, mixing, uniformly stirring, covering with a film, storing for 3 days, and taking out to obtain the conditioner.
The third method comprises the following steps: taking the tailed vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, covering with a film, storing for 2 days, taking out, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The method four comprises the following steps: taking the tailed vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, covering with a film, storing for 3 days, taking out, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
The method five comprises the following steps: taking the tailed vegetable compost (containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis in terms of dry matter) and quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring in a stirrer, covering with a film, storing for 4 days, taking out, adding sepiolite, red mud, ground phosphate rock and humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
TABLE 3 Conditioning agent preparation methods survey table
As a result: as can be seen from Table 3, the conditioners prepared by the methods four and five have high percentage reduction of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil and high percentage increase of the yield of the Chinese cabbage after planting the Chinese cabbage, and the PH of the soil is increased moderately, so that the method four is a preferable preparation method of the conditioner in overall consideration.
4 conditioner used for inspecting using amount of Chinese cabbage planting
The formula of 'example 1' and the preparation method of 'example 5' were used to prepare conditioners, and cabbage plants were planted at different dosages, respectively, and the results are shown in table 4.
Table 4 conditioner usage survey table
As a result: as can be seen from Table 4, the amount used was "5000 kg/hm 2 "and" 6000kg/hm 2 The reduction percentage of the effective state of the heavy metals in the soil after the Chinese cabbage is planted and the yield increase percentage of the Chinese cabbage are both high, the PH of the soil is increased moderately, and the planting cost is considered to be 5000kg/hm 2 "is the preferred amount.
5 different regulators used in the contrast test of Chinese cabbage planting
5.1 sources of test modulators
Comparative example 1: a modulator prepared under application No. CN 201611047188.0;
comparative example 2: a commercially available soil planting regulator;
the application of the regulator: prepared according to the formulation of "example 1", preparation of "example 5".
5.2 test methods
The three regulators under the item '5.1' are applied according to the application amount of each regulator, and the Chinese cabbage is planted in the karst region, and the results are shown in table 5.
Table 5 comparative test table for different conditioner usage
As a result: the conditioner prepared by the method has the advantages that the reduction percentage of the effective state of the heavy metal in the soil after the Chinese cabbage is planted and the yield of the Chinese cabbage are higher than those of a comparative example, and the superiority and the reasonability of the method are further proved.
Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The conditioner for the lead-cadmium polluted soil in the karst region is characterized by comprising the following components: 20-30% of sepiolite, 40-50% of tailed vegetable compost containing 300-500 CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 10-20% of red mud, 3-7% of quicklime, 3-7% of ground phosphate rock and 3-7% of humic acid.
2. The conditioning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of: 22-28% of sepiolite, 42-48% of rape compost containing 360-440 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of red mud, 4-6% of quicklime, 4-6% of ground phosphate rock and 4-6% of humic acid.
3. The conditioning agent according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of: 25% of sepiolite, 45% of tailed vegetable compost containing 400 ten thousand CFU/kg of bacillus subtilis, 15% of red mud, 5% of quicklime, 5% of ground phosphate rock and 5% of humic acid.
4. A preparation method for preparing the conditioner of any one of 1 to 3 is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking the tailed vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring the tailed vegetable compost and the quicklime in a stirrer, covering a film, storing the film for 3-4 days, taking out the film, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain the conditioner.
5. The method for preparing the conditioning agent according to claim 4, wherein the conditioning agent is prepared by the steps of: taking the tailed vegetable compost containing the bacillus subtilis and the quicklime according to the formula proportion, uniformly stirring the mixture in a stirrer, then laminating the mixture, storing the mixture for 3 days, taking the mixture out, adding the sepiolite, the red mud, the ground phosphate rock and the humic acid according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the conditioner.
6. Use of the conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for reducing lead and cadmium pollution of soil in karst regions.
7. The use of claim 6, wherein the conditioner is used for reducing the lead and cadmium enrichment of Chinese cabbage in the karst region.
8. The use of claim 6, wherein the conditioner is used for improving the fertility and yield of the soil for planting Chinese cabbage in the karst region.
9. The use of claim 6, wherein the conditioner is applied to Chinese cabbage by: before planting the Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage is planted according to the weight of 4000-6000 kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the fertilizer in the land, turning over till the conditioner enters the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbage.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the conditioner is applied to Chinese cabbage planting by: before planting Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage is planted according to the ratio of 5000kg/hm 2 Uniformly spreading the mixture in a land block, turning over the mixture to enable the conditioner to enter the soil, and then planting the Chinese cabbages.
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| CN115537354A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-30 | 贵州大学 | Biocontrol bacterium microcapsule microbial inoculum, preparation method and application |
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