CN114938772B - Safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method, which adopts a small number of Kong Jianse seedling trays to combine with a fence-type floating bed and a slow-release special plant ash substrate for floating seedling raising, adopts white expanded perlite or mixes the special plant ash substrate for floating seedling raising with the white expanded perlite and then covers the seeds, and takes out the seedling trays and seedlings together before the seedling raising machine is transplanted into a field head to be transplanted to reduce the water content of the substrate, thereby effectively avoiding the pollution of floating seedling raising to water environment, overcoming the high-temperature hazard of floating seedling raising and overcoming the defect of easy deformation of floating seedling raising blocks.

Description

Safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical transplanting rice seedling raising, and particularly relates to a safe and environment-friendly mechanical transplanting rice floating seedling raising method.

Background

The mechanized transplanting has the advantages of light weight, simplicity, high efficiency, high yield, stable yield, safety and the like, and is suitable for rural labor force transfer, social development and town generation, rural labor force aging, land management scale and the like in China.

The mechanical rice seedling raising technology is a key matching technology of a mechanical rice seedling transplanting technology system, and plays a vital role in successful application of mechanical rice seedling transplanting. So the research and application of the mechanical transplanting seedling raising technology are paid attention to by all parties. Through careful research, exploration and summary for many years, the mechanical transplanting seedling raising technology in China has long-term development: from double-film seedling raising, soft-disc seedling raising, to hard-disc seedling raising for the most part; from water seedling, wet seedling raising to micro-spraying seedling raising; from one family to centralized seedling raising to industrialized large-scale seedling raising; from soil seedling raising to matrix seedling raising. Various mechanical transplanting seedling raising techniques have been explored according to local conditions.

The machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising technology is an innovative technology for machine-transplanted rice seedling raising, utilizes floating bed materials to raise seedlings on natural shallow water surfaces such as ditches, ponds, rivers, lakes and the like by discharging seedling raising trays, does not need seedling fields during seedling raising, and also avoids the procedures of ditching, making furrows and finely flattening seedling beds in the conventional machine-transplanted fields, thereby saving fields, saving labor and time, reducing the labor intensity of seedling raising and overcoming the defect of limitation of hard micro-spraying seedling raising fields; the floating force is utilized, the floating bed is used for traction, so that the seedling can be easily and intensively put and taken at two convenient places at the water side, the aggregation and the scattering of the seedling can be easily and rapidly realized, the labor of putting and taking the seedling in the seedling bed to and fro and carrying is avoided, and the defect of difficult walking of the muddy seedling bed is overcome; the seedling substrate automatically absorbs water during the growth period, so that the vexation of manual water management is avoided, and the problem of uneven seedling quality caused by improper water management and inconsistent water supply is solved. By adopting the floating seedling raising technology, the nutrition and water are uniformly supplied during the seedling raising period, the uniformity of the seedlings is high, the root systems of the seedlings are white, the seedling blocks are well coiled, the overall quality of the seedlings is high, and the seedling raising effect is good.

Literature on technology of floating seedling raising of mechanically transplanted Rice [ Ji Li, et al, shanghai agriculture science and technology, 2019 (03): 48-49] provides a set of operation flow and technical requirements of a machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising technology adopting pearl cotton as a floating bed from nutrient soil preparation and preparation, seed preparation and treatment, sowing, darkening seedling emergence, tray laying and water drainage, seedling stage management and seedling raising and transplanting, and seedlings suitable for machine-transplanted can be obtained under specific conditions by utilizing the technology, but the provided technical method and operation flow lack of consideration on water environment safety, and are not aware of prevention of high-temperature hazard. The nutrient soil and the general seedling raising matrix are used for raising seedlings, water-soluble nutrients in the nutrient soil or the matrix have higher concentration in pore water during raising seedlings, the water-soluble nutrients are inevitably diffused into water, the risk of enriching the water exists, and the actual application shows that no high-temperature countermeasure is adopted in the production of the southern rice area, and the probability of raising seedlings in a floating mode is high Wen Weihai. Because, in the south double-season late rice, single-season medium rice and late rice seedling raising, the air temperature is higher, the weather that the temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and even about 35 ℃ is quite common, and because the pearl cotton with the floating material has quite strong heat insulation effect, the water on the floating material receives sunlight radiation, the temperature is raised, the higher the temperature is, the smaller the water density is, the more the water density is on the upper surface, the water is not easy to move downwards, and the water temperature on the floating material is far higher than the water; meanwhile, before the 3-leaf period of the seedling, the area index of the seedling leaf is small, the solar heat radiation energy is gathered in the water body and the matrix on the floating bed in sunny weather, the temperature is greatly increased, the floating bed is usually locally or widely heated to be higher than 45 ℃ or even 50 ℃ before and after the midnoon, the protein in the root system of the seedling is denatured at high temperature, the normal function and metabolism are disturbed, and the phenomenon that the whole seedling or partial spot-shaped seedling dies frequently occurs.

The utility model patent CN 104303915B provides a machine-transplanted rice water floating seedling raising technology, which adopts water to drain in a seedling Chi Tianwa pool, utilizes a PVC foaming plate to provide buoyancy for raising seedlings by a seedling tray arranged on the upper part, provides corresponding implementation modes, comprises the steps of manufacturing the seedling pool in a seedling bed according to certain width and depth requirements, mechanically sowing, darkening and aligning seedlings by a stacking tray, filling water in the seedling pool, arranging and floating by a foaming PVC upper swinging tray, covering and uncovering a seedling bed, fertilizing, applying drugs, preventing diseases and insects, regulating growth and carrying out seedling reeling machine transplanting, and provides corresponding claims. The technical scheme of carrying out water storage floating seedling raising by taking a seedling pool excavated by a seedling bed as a background condition, covering a seedling bed and fertilizing is quite unsuitable for mechanical transplanting floating seedling raising by taking natural water as a background condition, because under the natural water, the water environment is extremely easy to be polluted by removing a cover film from the edge of the floating bed and removing fertilization from the natural water surface. Meanwhile, the technology is similar to the technology provided by the literature 'mechanical rice floating seedling raising technology', and particularly when the non-woven fabric is used for covering, the shading degree is low, but the high-temperature hazard is more likely to occur under the conditions of ventilation and water evaporation under the condition of sunny high temperature. In addition, the floating seedling raising directly utilizes natural water body water to float seedling raising, and adopts general nutrient soil or matrix seedling raising as seedling raising medium, wherein nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are inevitably permeated into the water body, and the risk of eutrophication of the seedling raising water body is increased; if the conventional technology is adopted for spraying treatment during seedling raising, a large amount of pesticides are at risk of entering the water body, so that the water body environment can be polluted and the safety of aquatic organisms can be threatened.

The utility model provides a novel patent CN201721778308.4 that China is suitable for a floating bed that is used for rice machine to transplant rice seedlings to float sprout cultivation discloses a floating bed that is used for rice machine to transplant rice seedlings to float sprout cultivation, including the main part, the main part is the rectangle, be equipped with the hole that permeates water in the main part, the hole that permeates water evenly sets up. The utility model provides a floating bed for floating seedling raising of mechanical rice transplanting, wherein a main body floats on the water surface, a seedling raising tray is placed on the main body, water is provided for the seedling raising tray through a water permeable hole at the lower end of the main body, the root growth of seedling raising in the seedling raising tray can be effectively promoted, and the transplanting survival rate is improved; but also is matched with the prior device and equipment for transplanting and raising rice seedlings.

CN201420271213.3 special floating device for raising rice seedlings on water

A special floating device for raising rice seedlings on water belongs to the technical field of seedling raising devices. The seedling raising device consists of a floating layer, a seedling raising tray and a matrix from bottom to top, wherein the bottoms of the floating layer and the seedling raising tray are porous structures. The floating device special for raising rice seedlings on water is a device which meets the requirements of raising rice seedlings on water, not only can provide buoyancy, but also can collect nutrient substances in water, so that the raising rice seedlings can absorb sufficient water, can absorb and convert nitrogen and phosphorus in water, reduce the eutrophication degree of water, play a good role in purifying water, beautify environment and improve space utilization rate,

however, in practical application, when the mechanical transplanting seedling raising device equipment suitable for the novel patent is adopted for mechanical transplanting seedling raising, as the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen and the orthophosphate in the surface tertiary water is not more than 1ppm, the concentration difference is in the floating bed set according to the novel patent, and the porous structure and the conventional seedling raising disk (the number of disk holes is more than 200, even up to 600, and the diameter is 3-5mm, and the like) are adopted, the content of nutrient elements such as quick-acting phosphorus (mainly orthophosphate) is up to tens to hundreds ppm, and most of the nutrient elements are adsorbed on the matrix or soil cosmid, but tens or hundreds of ppm are generally arranged in free water in the matrix or soil pores, and the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen and the orthophosphate in the surface tertiary water is not more than 1ppm, so that the large concentration difference is in the floating bed set according to the novel patent, and the porous structure and the conventional seedling raising disk (the number of disk holes is more than 200, even up to 600, and the diameter is 3-5mm, and the conventional seedling raising device is matched with the novel patent CN201721778308.4, and the novel patent number of 201420271213.3 is suitable for raising the number of holes and 200-400, and the nitrogen-400 is a risk-rich material is brought to the water body.

In addition, in actual production, due to improper selection of water environment, such as overlarge water flow rate, not only can the floating bed water exchange blocks be caused, but also the matrix nutrition loss is quickened due to the large number of disc holes, the opportunity for nutrient components to enter the water is increased, meanwhile, turbulence is caused, the floating bed is impacted, and the seedling disc falls into water.

The water content of seedling blocks is high when the floating seedling is lifted on the water surface, the seedling blocks are easy to deform to influence the machine transplanting quality, and on the other hand, when the seedling is rolled on a floating bed, a large amount of scattered matrixes enter the seedling raising water body, so that suspended particles in the water body are increased, nutrition is also caused to enter the water body, and the risk of eutrophication is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model designs a safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method to solve the problems of risk of eutrophication of water bodies and high-temperature hazard of floating seedling raising, which are caused easily in the seedling raising process, and realize the safety of seedling raising and solve the problem that the deformation of a floating seedling raising block influences machine transplanting.

The technical scheme disclosed by the utility model is as follows: a safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method comprises the following technical steps:

(1) The light-color seedling trays with few holes are used for carrying out blanket seedling machine transplanting, seeding and seedling raising;

(2) Spreading a special plant ash seedling raising matrix for slow-release fertilizer floating seedling raising, sowing, and covering seeds after white expanded perlite or mixing the special plant ash seedling raising matrix for slow-release fertilizer floating seedling raising with perlite;

(3) Selecting a water surface with stable still water surface or water flow and flow speed less than 1m/s as a seedling raising water surface;

(4) The floating bed is used, the floating force of the floating bed is satisfied that after a substrate which darkens and emerges after seeding is placed on the floating bed, the floating bed is submerged into the water surface, at least the lower part of the substrate in the seedling tray is contacted with water, the lower part of the substrate in the tray is contacted with water in the whole seedling raising period, and more than 1/2 of the substrate layer is higher than the water surface.

On the basis of the scheme, the plant ash seedling raising substrate is preferably laid to have a thickness of 1.5cm-2.0cm, and the thickness of the seed covering layer is about 0.5cm, so that the total thickness of the laid layers is 2.0cm-2.5cm.

Based on the scheme, preferably, seedlings and seedling trays are taken out in advance during transplanting, heads of the fields to be transplanted are placed, grafting medicines are applied according to needs, and the seedlings are rolled up and transplanted after 4-24 hours.

On the basis of the scheme, preferably, the seedling tray is off-white or white.

On the basis of the scheme, preferably, the water through holes of the seedling tray bottom are square holes with the side length and width of 3mm-5mm or round holes with the diameter of 2mm-5mm, the number of the water through holes of the tray bottom is 12-50, and the number of the 7-inch trays is 10-40.

Wherein 9 inch and 7 inch refer to seedling tray width, and seedling tray length is 60cm.

On the basis of the scheme, preferably, the tray bottom holes are square holes or round holes with the length and the width of 3mm, the diameters of the square holes or the round holes are 3mm-4mm, the number of the tray bottom water through holes is 15-20, the number of the tray with 7 inch trays is 12-18, and the tray bottom water through holes are uniformly distributed.

On the basis of the scheme, as preferable, the special plant ash seedling raising matrix for fertilizer slow-release type floating seedling raising: 90% of nitrogen quick-acting nutrient elements are derived from the slow-release fertilizer added before sowing, the slow-release period is about 30d, the accumulated release amount of N in the first 7d is not less than 20% of the total N amount and not more than 40% of the total N amount, and the plant ash seedling matrix contains not less than 5% of active carbon by mass.

On the basis of the scheme, the content of the plant ash seedling raising matrix activated carbon is preferably higher than 8%.

The fertilizer slow-release plant ash seedling substrate is tested by rice seeds according to the method specified in annex E of NY/T2118-2012, and investigated after 15 days, and the germination rate of germinated seeds is not lower than 80%.

On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the particle size of the white expanded perlite is less than 5mm,

wherein the white expanded perlite particle size is 1mm-3mm and accounts for more than 80% of the total volume, the pH value is regulated and controlled to be 5.5-7.8,

the mixing volume ratio of the plant ash seedling raising matrix to the perlite is 1:9 to 5:5, a step of; further preferred ratio 1:9 to 3:7.

on the basis of the proposal, preferably, the fence type seedling raising floating bed is a floating bed which is made of pearl cotton coiled material and is provided with a plurality of intermittent long-strip grid holes,

wherein the length direction of the intermittent strip-shaped grid holes is parallel to the length direction of the floating bed, the length of the grid holes is 5-10cm, the width is 0.5-1.5cm, the longitudinal spacing is 4-10cm, the transverse spacing is 5-15cm, and two adjacent rows are staggered in a 'delta' shape.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

under the condition of utilizing the existing floating seedling raising technology advantages, the utility model overcomes the technical innovation for solving the technical defect of floating seedling raising, has various advantages and beneficial effects, and particularly comprises the following steps:

1. the conventional machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising adopts pearl cotton and the like as a floating bed, the floating effect is good, the input cost is relatively low, but the foaming material floating bed is heat-insulating and heat-preserving, during the south rice seedling raising period, the weather conditions of more than 30 ℃ and even more than 35 ℃ are often generated when double-season late rice, single-season medium rice and late rice are raised, clear breeze is encountered, the conventional method seedling raising can generate sunlight radiation due to water, the temperature is raised, and the physical characteristics of the water are as follows: the higher the temperature is, the smaller the water density is, and the higher the temperature is, the more the water is positioned on the upper surface, so that the upper surface temperature of the water body is far higher than the water under the water; and moreover, as the heat insulation effect of the floating material is strong, and the area index of the seedling leaves is small before the 3-leaf period of the seedling, on one hand, the transpiration amount is small, on the other hand, the shielding of sunlight is small, the opportunity of solar irradiation to dial soil is more, the solar heat radiation energy is gathered in water body and matrix on the floating bed, the temperature is greatly increased, the local or large-range temperature of the floating bed before and after the noon exceeds 45 ℃, the protein in the root system of the seedling begins to denature, the normal function and metabolism disorder cause death of the seedling, and the phenomenon that the whole seedling or local spot-shaped seedling withers frequently occurs.

The utility model adopts the light color or even white seedling tray to raise seedling, has the advantages of reducing the absorption of the seedling tray body to heat radiation, particularly obviously reducing the temperature of the edge of the tray and delaying the temperature rise, changing the seedling raising cover layer from black plant ash substrate to white perlite or doping more than half of white perlite cover seeds, making the upper layer which receives illumination in the seedling tray light in color, enhancing the reflection capability, reducing the absorption of the heat radiation of illumination, being beneficial to reducing the temperature rise and delaying the temperature rise process. Meanwhile, the fence type floating bed is adopted, so that the contact flow area of upper and lower water bodies of the floating bed is enlarged, the heat radiation area of the floating bed is reduced, the heat radiation opportunity of high-temperature water downward under the seedling tray is increased, the contact opportunity of holes and heat collection areas is enlarged through long-duration grid holes, and the local high temperature is relieved.

Therefore, the technical scheme of the utility model is applied, and the obvious effect is achieved that the high-temperature hazard of floating seedling raising is overcome, and the safety of seedling raising is ensured. Is one of the technical advantages of the present utility model.

And because of the advantages, the utility model can select still water or use slow-flow water body to float and raise seedling, the water flow speed is within 1m/s, the damage of the water body with high flow speed to the impact of floating and raising seedling is avoided, the slow-flow energy is reduced because of the strong mobility, the temperature of water on a floating bed is effectively reduced through water flow exchange, and the high Wen Shangmiao is avoided.

2. By adopting the fence type floating bed, the exchange diffusion opportunity of solutes in water on and off the tray is increased, and if a conventional porous seedling tray is still adopted, the opportunity that nutrient soil or nutrients in a matrix in the seedling tray enter a water body is further increased, so that the risk of polluting a water source is increased.

In order to overcome the problem, firstly, the number of water permeable holes is reduced as much as possible, on one hand, the upward flow speed of water outside the tray in the holes is increased, and the upward flow keeps a more time proportion, on the other hand, the contact surface of water inside the tray and water outside the tray is reduced, and the diffusion opportunity of nutrient elements in pore water inside the tray to water outside the tray is reduced, so that the requirements of seedling growth and water transpiration evaporation are met, kong Yingpan (considering that a certain number of root growth holes are included to prevent water from entering the tray) is used, namely, the side length and width of water passing through the tray bottom are between 2.5mm and 3.5mm, the diameter of a circular hole is between 3mm and 4mm, and the number of water passing through the tray bottom is between 15 and 50. 7 inch discs between 12 and 40; preferably, the thin hole hard disk is characterized in that the square holes on the bottom of the disk are 3mm long and wide, the diameter of the round hole is 3mm-4mm, and the number of the water holes on the bottom of the disk is 15-20. The 7 inch discs are between 12 and 18 and are evenly distributed. More preferred holes are square holes. Thus greatly reducing the chance of nutrient loss and pollution. The hard disk can solve the problems that the floating support is uneven and the water absorption is uneven due to the fact that the flexible disk cannot resist the uneven swing disk.

Secondly, the floating seedling raising technology uses pearl cotton coiled materials to manufacture fence type floating beds, wherein the density of the pearl cotton is 20 kg/m < 3 > -30 kg/m < 3 >, and the thickness is 1.8 cm-2.3 cm. The thickness of the bonding matrix is controlled to be 2.0cm-2.5cm, and the bonding matrix has the advantages that: a. avoiding the increase of the cost of the floating bed caused by the too large density of the floating bed; b. avoiding the unstable buoyancy caused by the large bubble size and slow water absorption when the density of the floating material is too low, and reducing the lifting force of the seedling tray in the later period; the thickness of the tray-loading substrate is controlled to be 2.0cm-2.5cm, so that the buoyancy is ensured to be just suitable for floating seedling raising, the floating bed just submerges under the water meter, and the medium in the seedling tray is contacted with the water. But will not enter too much water, and the medium is always positioned above the water surface by more than half of the height during seedling raising, so that the medium is coordinated with water vapor, and the seedling growth is facilitated. Meanwhile, moisture is kept to enter the hard disk all the time through the disk hole. The potential of retarding the nutrient components from entering the tray water body to maintain the upward flow of water in the tray holes.

And the plant ash substrate prepared from ash with high active carbon content has higher Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), can obviously and effectively reduce the nutrient concentration in free water among the substrates, simultaneously, due to the controlled release effect, the release amount of the water-soluble nitrogen in 7 days is only 1/4 of that of a conventional fertilizer, and is only 40% at most, so that the nutrient concentration in water among the substrates is further reduced, the water pollution phenomenon caused by large nutrient quantity entering the water body in the process of floating seedling raising after the prior stage of primary throwing of the conventional seedling fertilizer substrate is effectively avoided, the probability of entering the water body is greatly reduced, the environmental risk is effectively overcome, the requirement on the water body floating is also met, and the water body floating is effectively relieved. In addition, the plant ash substrate has high Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and has the function of purifying eutrophic water.

And again, because the high-temperature hazard prevention effect of the fence type floating bed is obvious, the utility model can select still water or use slow-flow water bodies to float and raise seedlings, the water flow speed is within 1m/s, the damage of the water bodies with high flow speed to the impact of floating and raising seedlings is avoided, and the dead water or slow-flow energy can be utilized to reduce the loss of nutrition into water caused by the over-strong fluidity and reduce the opportunity of polluting the water environment of floating and raising seedlings.

Finally, the hard disk and seedlings are taken out in advance before transplanting, placed on the field head to be transplanted, applied with fertilizer and medicine, drained, transpired and evaporated for 4-24 hours, and the moisture content of the seedling block matrix is reduced to be suitable for seedling rolling level, and then the seedling block matrix is transplanted on a machine. Therefore, the phenomenon that a large amount of matrix is scattered into water to increase suspended particles in a local water body and enrich the water body caused by seedling rolling on a floating bed can be avoided, adverse effects of seedling block deformation on field machine transplanting can also be avoided, the fertilizer and pesticide utilization rate is improved through seedling transfer, and waste in pollution is reduced.

Therefore, the utility model uses less Kong Yangpan and controlled release plant ash substrate special for floating seedling, the reasonable substrate is paved on the pearl cotton fence type floating bed with proper density, the seedling is taken in advance by connecting a disc to the farmland, water is controlled by the farmland, the fertilizer is transferred to the farmland, the static water and slow flow water body are used for floating seedling, and the techniques are integrated and applied to floating seedling, so that the utility model has the beneficial effects of effectively preventing the pollution risk of floating seedling to the water body environment, even having the purifying effect on the eutrophic water body, and being beneficial to the strong seedling cultivation of floating seedling.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present utility model. It is obvious that the present utility model is provided by way of example only, and that other embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without undue burden.

Example 1

In order to research the safe and environment-friendly floating seedling raising technology, the inventor has conducted a comparative pot comparison test, and the specific conditions are as follows:

the tap water with the height of 40cm is injected into 6 square open plastic barrels with the same size, the length of 65cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 48cm, and the tap water is divided into two groups of 3 tap water.

One group of the methods is provided by Chinese applicable novel patent CN201721778308.4, wherein each barrel is provided with pearl cotton with the length of 60cm, the width of 30cm, the thickness of 22mm and 10 circular holes of two rows, a seedling tray is provided with a seedling tray with nutrient soil for darkening of rice seedlings after seedling emergence, and the seedling tray bottom is provided with 570 circular holes with the diameter of 3.5mm. The soil is measured and blended by monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride, so that the hydrolytic nitrogen of the soil is 460 plus or minus 20mg/Kg, the available phosphorus is 70mg/Kg plus or minus 10mg/Kg, the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/Kg to 300 mg/Kg,

the other group of the grid type floating beds with the density of 30Kg/m < 3 > and the thickness of 25mm are respectively put into the grid type floating beds, the grid holes on the grid type floating beds are opened at 3 rows with the spacing of 10cm, the length of 10cm, the width of 1cm and the longitudinal spacing of 5cm, and two adjacent rows are staggered to form a Chinese character 'Pin'. The seedling tray is provided with 10 holes and 3mm in diameter, and a small-hole nine-inch hard disk which is used for planting the lower layer of a plant ash substrate special for slow-release floating seedling raising, sowing rice and darkening seedling emergence by using perlite cover seeds is placed on the seedling tray. The slow-release plant ash seedling raising substrate special for floating rice seedling raising contains 5.3% of biochar, 287mg/Kg of quick-acting potassium and 73mg/Kg of quick-acting phosphorus, and 1g/Kg of the slow-release fertilizer is added by 46% of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (resin coated urea, biuret is less than 0.2% and the total nitrogen content is 37%) in the nitrogen controlled-release period for 30 days.

Both treatments were sown simultaneously. The seeding rate was 120 g/dish. Darkening for 5 days, and placing the seedlings on a pearl cotton floating bed in a plastic bucket after aligning the seedlings. After the balance of the water absorbed by the water after the water surface swaying disc is treated, observing that the two treatment floating beds are immersed below the water surface, and the substrate and the soil are in comprehensive contact with the water, wherein the water is about 1/3 of the water surface, and about 2/3 of the water surface.

The day before and 1d,3d,7d and 20d after the disc is arranged, each barrel is sampled for measuring water quality, and measuring ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus of water, and the quality of seedlings is inspected with 20. The measurement finds that all indexes of the measured project are below the surface grade 3 water limit index before seedling swinging. Adopts a special plant ash substrate for slow-release floating seedling raising combined with a thin Kong Yang plate, and various indexes are not obviously increased. Wherein, nitrate nitrogen is increased by 15% after the swinging plate and 3 before the swinging plate, total nitrogen is increased by 9%, and the measurement is carried out on the seventh day, and the level is restored to the level before the swinging plate. The ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate are reduced by 22% and 9% compared with the front of the wobble plate when measured in 20 d. The indexes of the conventional soil seedling raising method are obviously increased in the first 1-7 days, especially the nitrate nitrogen content is 4.4 times that of the front of the swinging plate, and the synchronous value of the seedling raising method is more than 3 times that of the seedling raising method by combining a dilute Kong Yang plate with a plant ash substrate special for slow-release type floating seedling raising. The measurement result of 20d is that other indexes except ammonia nitrogen are at least 30% higher than those before measurement. The examination of taking seedlings in 20 days shows that the difference of leaf ages of the two treatments is not obvious, but plant height, leaf PSD value, stem width and hundred seedlings are increased by 5.1%, 13.0%, 6.5% and 5.7% respectively compared with the conventional soil seedling raising by combining a slow-release type special plant ash substrate for floating seedling raising with Kong Yang trays. Miao Sheling is not obvious in difference, the nitrogen plant height and the result show that the potted plant result shows that the seedling raising by combining the thin Kong Yang disc with the slow-release plant ash substrate special for floating seedling raising does not cause obvious increase of nutrient components of seedling raising water, and compared with the conventional technology, the method is safe to the water and is beneficial to strong seedling raising.

Example 2

According to the technical scheme of the utility model, the method is required to be carried out for 5 months and 24 days, seven-inch small-hole white hard disk seedling raising is adopted, the diameter of a disk hole is 3mm, the number of the disk holes is 16, the special plant ash for slow-release floating seedling raising is special (the ash slag after desalination and acid regulation is matched, the biochar content is 8.6%, the available phosphorus is 83mg/Kg, the quick-acting potassium is 330mg/Kg, the 46% nitrogen slow-release fertilizer is 1.5 g/Kg), the production line is sowed, each disk is paved with 2cm, each disk is sowed with 100 g, and the white perlite with 2-3mm particles is sowed with 5 volume ratio: 5, mixing the seed with a special plant ash matrix special for slow-release floating seedling raising to serve as a seed covering matrix, wherein the covering thickness is strictly controlled to be 0.4cm-0.5cm. After sowing, the seedlings are subjected to indoor moisture retention darkening, and after 6 days, the seedlings are aligned, and when the length of buds is more than 5mm, the seedlings are put on a fence floating bed made of pearl wool on the water surface for floating seedling, the floating bed is 1.2 m wide, each strip is about 30m long, each section of upper intermittent grid hole is 8cm wide and 1cm square strip holes are parallel to the length direction of the floating bed, the interval between grid hole rows is 10cm, and two adjacent rows of strip holes are staggered to form a 'product' and an inverted 'product' shape. The thickness of the pearl cotton is 2.5cm.

Routine control experiments were performed on the same day:

the control 1 is that a conventional seven inch disc (disc hole number 478, aperture 4 mm) is adopted, nutrient soil is used for raising seedlings according to a conventional method, the nutrient soil is mixed according to a proportion of 1:200 (fertilizer special for mechanical transplanting), then the seedlings are raised by adopting assembly line seeding, the soil is paved to be 1.8cm thick, the seeding rate is 100 g per disc, a floating bed adopts a pearl cotton coiled material with the width of 1.2 m, and 5mm round steel bars are used for sharpening to puncture holes according to the length-width interval of about 15cm, so that the floating bed is manufactured.

According to the method disclosed in patent No. CN201420271213.3, a tray with 300 holes per aperture of 2mm is used, a polystyrene foam basket is used, 20 round holes with the size of 5mm are formed in the bottom of the basket according to the position of each nine-inch tray, conventional plant ash matrixes are adopted for raising seedlings, the nutrition content is the same as that of plant ash special for slow-release floating seedling raising, only the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is changed into the same conventional fly controlled-release fertilizer, perlite is not added in the cover seed, the plant ash matrixes are used for covering seeds, and the seedlings are darkened after sowing.

And (3) raising seedlings for each treatment by using a cement seepage-proofing small canal, putting water into the canal, darkening each treatment 200 disc, and placing the darkened seedlings on a corresponding floating bed for growth. During seedling raising, the first 10 days after tray arrangement are mainly sunny days without raining, wherein the highest temperature of the day is 33 ℃,35 ℃ and 34 ℃ in the day is the sunny weather for 3 days continuously, the temperature in the tray is measured, the temperature in the tray is found to be more than 45 ℃ in the high-temperature weather from noon to 3 pm, the temperature in a plurality of trays is controlled to be 1 and 2, and the conditions of leaf rolling and withering are shown, and the conditions are observed to be 6 months 8, and the substrate temperature in the tray is 42 ℃ in the method, so that 40% trays are observed to have spot and massive dead seedlings, and the seedlings are well grown. No noon leaf rolling phenomenon and no dead seedling phenomenon occur, and the quality of seedlings is obviously better than that of seedlings treated by two control treatments.

Example 3

According to the technical scheme of the utility model, seven-inch small-hole white hard disks are adopted for raising seedlings on the same day of 24 days of 5 months, the diameter of each disk hole is 3mm, and the number of the disk holes is 12. The fence type floating bed is 1.22 m wide, each length is about 25m, each section of the upper intermittent grid holes is 10cm long and 0.8 cm square grid holes are 5cm intermittent, the grid holes are parallel to the length direction of the floating bed, the distance between the transverse rows of the grid holes is 10cm, and the two adjacent rows of grid holes are staggered to form an inverted-product shape. The thickness of the floating bed is 2.5cm. The special plant ash for slow-release type floating seedling raising is special for example 2, the production line seeding is carried out, each tray is laid with the thickness of 2cm, each tray is sowed with 100 g, and 2-3mm white perlite particles are mixed according to the volume ratio of 8:2 and special plant ash matrix special for slow-release floating seedling raising are mixed and used as a seed covering layer, and the covering thickness is strictly controlled to be 0.4cm-0.5cm. And (3) after sowing, indoor moisturizing darkening seedling emergence, after 6 days, aligning seedlings, enabling buds to be longer than 5mm, placing a floating bed on a dead water pond for floating seedling raising, and transversely placing seedling trays on the floating bed in pairs when the trays are arranged on the floating bed on the water surface, wherein the group is tightly abutted to the transverse sides of the group. After the seedling tray substrate absorbs enough water, the floating bed is immersed into water, the lower layer of the substrate contacts with water, and more than half of the substrate is positioned above the water surface in the whole seedling raising process.

Routine control experiments were performed on the same day:

the method is compared with 1, a method provided by the literature 'machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising technology' is adopted on the same day, and the novel patent method applicable to China is referred to as CN201721778308.4 and CN201420271213.3, wherein pearl cotton is adopted, a round steel bar with the length and width is sharpened, puncturing holes are formed at intervals of about 15cm, a porous floating bed is manufactured, a black conventional seven-inch disc (the disc hole number is 478 and the aperture is 3 mm), conventional seedling raising matrixes are adopted according to the conventional method, the seedling raising adopts assembly line seeding seedling raising, the thickness of the seed layer is 2.0cm, the seeding amount is 100 g per disc, and the thickness of the cover seed is 0.5cm.

Darkening is carried out simultaneously with the treatment of the utility model, and the water surface swaying disc is simultaneously carried out.

In the process of floating seedling raising on the water surface of the seedling, a plurality of sunny weather with the temperature reaching or exceeding 33 high temperature are continuous, but the seedling treated by the technology of the utility model always grows normally. The leaf rolling and withering do not occur.

In contrast, when part of the seedlings in the seedling trays with about 40% are in high-temperature weather for 6 months and 5 days, the dark green rolling leaves appear in the midday to afternoon, the seedlings appear to be withered and slightly longer in 6 months and 6 days, the seedlings are shorter than the normal seedlings, and about 20% of the seedlings in the seedling trays with about 6 months and 8 days appear to have spotted and block-shaped dead seedlings.

22 days after sowing, the seedlings and the seedling trays are taken out together by adopting the method of the utility model, and the seedlings are taken out, so that only a small amount of matrix particles fall into water. The seedling-connected trays are placed on the field head ground to be inserted to reduce the water content of the matrix by means of draining, evaporating and transpiration, 300 g of ammonium phosphate and 10 g of 10% imidacloprid are mixed every 30 trays, and then the mixture is sprayed into the trays. The seedling is rolled up in 6 hours, the seedling block has moderate water content and is not deformed. The machine insertion is smooth.

The contrast method is to roll up seedling on the water surface floating bed, and as a result, the matrix is mushy and deformed, and many matrixes are lost into water along with water flow from seedling blocks, so that pollution is obviously formed to the water body. The number of planted seedlings in the planting holes is greatly varied during machine planting, and the number of clumped seedlings is increased.

It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present utility model, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (6)

1. The safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following technical steps of:

(1) Selecting a light-color less-hole seedling tray for seedling raising by transplanting and seeding of a blanket seedling machine, wherein the light-color less Kong Yangpan is grey or white, water holes at the bottom of the seedling tray are square holes with the side length and width of 3mm-5mm or round holes with the diameter of 2mm-5mm, water Kong Shujiu inch trays at the bottom of the tray are 12-50, and 7 inch trays are 10-40;

(2) The special plant ash seedling raising substrate for slow-release fertilizer floating seedling raising is used for laying a tray, white expanded perlite or special plant ash seedling raising substrate for slow-release fertilizer floating seedling raising is adopted for mixing with the white expanded perlite after sowing, the plant ash seedling raising substrate is covered with the seed with the thickness of 1.5cm-2.0cm, the thickness of the seed covering layer is about 0.5cm, the total thickness of the laid seed is 2.0cm-2.5cm, and the special plant ash seedling raising substrate for slow-release fertilizer floating seedling raising is used for slow-release fertilizer floating seedling raising: 90% of nitrogen quick-acting nutrient elements are derived from the slow-release fertilizer added before sowing, the slow-release period is about 30d, the accumulated release amount of N in the first 7d is not less than 20% of the total N amount and not more than 40% of the total N amount, and the plant ash seedling matrix contains not less than 5% of active carbon by mass percent;

(3) Selecting a water surface with stable still water surface or water flow and flow speed less than 1m/s as a seedling raising water surface;

(4) The fence type seedling raising floating bed is used, the floating force of the floating bed is satisfied that after a seedling-taking substrate which is darkened and emerged after seeding is placed on a seedling tray with enough water, the floating bed is submerged into the water surface, at least the lower part of the substrate in the seedling tray is contacted with water, the lower part of the substrate in the tray is contacted with water in the whole seedling raising period can be maintained, more than 1/2 of the substrate layer is higher than the water surface,

the fence type seedling raising floating bed is a floating bed which is made of pearl cotton coiled materials and is provided with a plurality of intermittent strip-shaped grid holes,

wherein the length direction of the intermittent strip-shaped grid holes is parallel to the length direction of the floating bed, the length of the grid holes is 5-10cm, the width is 0.5-1.5cm, the longitudinal spacing is 4-10cm, the transverse spacing is 5-15cm, and two adjacent rows are staggered in a 'delta' shape.

2. The method for floating seedling raising of machine transplanted rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedlings and the seedling trays are taken out in advance during transplanting, the heads to be transplanted are placed, the grafting medicine is applied according to the requirement, and the machine transplanting is carried out after 4-24 hours.

3. The safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tray bottom holes are square holes with the length and width of 3mm or round holes with the diameter of 3mm-4mm, 15-20 trays with Kong Shujiu inch trays and 12-18 trays with 7 inch trays are evenly distributed.

4. The safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active carbon content of the plant ash seedling raising matrix is higher than 8%.

5. The safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the white expanded perlite is below 5mm,

wherein the white expanded perlite particle size is 1mm-3mm and accounts for more than 80% of the total volume, the pH value is regulated and controlled to be 5.5-7.8,

the mixing volume ratio of the plant ash seedling raising matrix to the perlite is 1:9 to 5:5.

6. the safe and environment-friendly machine-transplanted rice floating seedling raising method of claim 5, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the plant ash seedling raising substrate to the perlite is 1:9 to 3:7.