CN114931959B - 一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,属于制氢催化剂技术领域。其特征在于:所述的催化剂以球形的胶体氧化铝为载体,以镍、镉、铂的氧化物为复合活性成分;所述的复合活性成分均匀包覆在胶体氧化铝的表面;所述的镍、镉、铂的摩尔比为10:6.5~8.5:0.6~1.3。制备步骤为:配制可溶镍盐、镉盐和铂盐的混合溶液;将胶体氧化铝装入混料机中,混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中;将吸湿的胶体氧化铝进行微负压焙烧,重复增加包覆率即得。本发明利用胶体氧化铝的强吸湿性将活性成分种植在其表面,避免了载体的孔道被积碳堵塞后就会造成催化剂失活的问题。
Description
技术领域
一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,属于制氢催化剂技术领域。
背景技术
氢能作为一种清洁可再生能源,有着燃烧热值高、安全性较好、生产方式多样等优点,是极其理想的高能燃料,烃类蒸汽转化制氢可采用的原料有天然气、油田气、石脑油、液化石油气和炼厂各种尾气等。在国内制氢装置中,绝大部分采用轻油为原料,包括石脑油、抽余油、饱和液化气等。
工业上广泛应用的甲烷水蒸气重整制氢会产生大量的二氧化碳,不利于环境保护和“双碳”目标达成;电解水制氢能耗过高,成本高。天然气裂解制氢技术并非一种全新的技术,该技术的可行性早已被多个机构通过实验证明,但因反应过程中固体催化剂积碳失活的问题,一直未能实现工业规模的连续运转。
中国专利CN114618490A公开了一种天然气重整制氢催化剂及其制备方法和应用,其催化剂由铝锰复合氧化物载铂催化剂与氧化铈载钯催化剂按1~4:1的比例复合而成。铝锰复合氧化物载铂催化剂的重量组成比例为氧化铂:铝锰复合氧化物=0.05~1:100。氧化铈载钯催化剂的重量组成比例为氧化钯:氧化铈=0.02~ 0.5:100。制备方法:(1)分别制备铝锰复合氧化物载体和棒状氧化铈载体;(2)分别浸渍铂和钯源溶液,然后干燥、焙烧;(3)将二者按比例机械混合。该发明声称解决催化剂在反应过程表现出的易积碳和易团聚烧结的问题。但是其载体同样是一种多孔道结构,在孔道被堵塞后,催化剂会降低活性甚至失活。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:该轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
所述的催化剂以球形的胶体氧化铝为载体,以镍、镉、铂的氧化物为复合活性成分;
所述的复合活性成分均匀包覆在胶体氧化铝的表面;
所述的镍、镉、铂的摩尔比为10:6.5~8.5:0.6~1.3。
本发明改变催化剂的基本形式,不再将活性成分附在载体的孔道内部,而是选择球形的胶体氧化铝为载体,将活性成分包覆在其表面。这就避免了载体的孔道被积碳堵塞后就会造成催化剂失活的问题。本发明利用胶体氧化铝的强吸湿性将活性成分种植在其表面,能够保证两者的结合强度。本发明提供的复合活性成分复合使用后催化活性高,能够较好地满足转化工艺的要求,而且制备成本较低。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,所述的胶体氧化铝的粒径为 0.5mm~3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.75~1。胶体氧化铝的球形度越好,粒径越小,则比表面积越大,催化剂在催化反应时与反应物的接触效率越高。结合催化剂的装填效果,本发明将粒径设定为0.5mm~3mm,能够得到较好的工业应用效果。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,所述的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝载体上的包覆面占胶体氧化铝的表面积的35%以上。虽然复合活性成分的包覆率越高,在催化反应时与反应物的接触效率越高,催化效果越好。但是结合催化剂物料成本和工艺成本,当包覆率达到35%以上时即能满足生产速率要求,同时成本较低。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,所述的镍、镉、铂的摩尔比为10: 7.2~7.6:0.9~1.1。优选的复合活性成分配比在复合使用后达到本发明的最佳催化活性。
一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤为:
1)按摩尔比配制可溶镍盐、镉盐和铂盐的混合溶液;
2)将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机转动过程中将步骤 1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝;
3)将吸湿的胶体氧化铝进行微负压焙烧,除去胶体氧化铝中吸收的水分,同时将镍盐、镉盐和铂盐焙烧为其各自的氧化物并包覆在胶体氧化铝的表面;
4)重复步骤2)、3)增加包覆率即得。
本发明选择胶体氧化铝为载体,胶体氧化铝本身具有多孔和吸湿性,胶体氧化铝在混料机翻料,再以喷雾的形式喷入可溶镍盐、镉盐和铂盐的混合溶液,其中的水分被胶体氧化铝吸收后,镍盐、镉盐和铂盐大多留在胶体氧化铝表面的孔隙,再经过焙烧,将胶体氧化铝内的水分烘出的同时,将镍盐、镉盐和铂盐焙烧为其各自的氧化物,所得的氧化物活性成分会在转化过程中,以类似于种植的形式固定在胶体氧化铝的表面,具有较高的结合强度。
为了防止胶体氧化铝一次性吸收过多,导致活性成分渗入到内部,造成活性成分浪费。所以单次喷雾加湿的量不宜过多,需要经过多次吸湿、焙烧,才能保证有足够包覆率的同时,氧化物活性成分又能大多数固定在胶体氧化铝表面。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂的制备方法,步骤1)中所述的混合溶液的总质量浓度为25%~35%。优选的质量浓度即是优选的溶剂(水)和溶质(镍盐、镉盐、铂盐)的比例,在此比例时能够保证溶剂水被吸收到胶体氧化铝内部时,溶质渗入恰当的深度,既不会造成活性成分过分深入浪费,又能够保证氧化物活性成分与胶体氧化铝的结合强度。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂的制备方法,步骤2)中所述的混料机的转速为15r/min~25r/min。优选的转速下既能够在较短的时间内将物料充分混合,又不会出现过度磨损。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂的制备方法,所述的胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.3~2.1。单次喷雾加湿的量不宜过多也不能过少,单次喷雾加湿的量过多的话,会随着的胶体氧化铝的再次吸水,把部分溶质带入到更深的位置。单次喷雾加湿的量过少的话,则需要增加重复次数,增加加工成本。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂的制备方法,步骤3)中所述的微负压焙烧的温度为580℃~650℃,负压值为:-15KPa~-20KPa,焙烧时间为1.5h~3h。优选的微负压焙烧工艺,能够将水分等气体及时的抽离,增加分离效率。能够同时完成水分的分离和盐的分解,恢复胶体氧化铝的吸水性的同时得到镍、镉、铂的氧化物活性成分。
优选的一种上述的轻烃转化制氢用催化剂的制备方法,步骤4)中的重复次数为3~7次。优选的上述工艺配合下,吸湿、焙烧的优选重复次数下,能够得到所述的优选的包覆率。
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂所具有的有益效果是:本发明提高了催化剂活性的同时也提高了抗积炭老化性能,并且降低了催化剂制备成本。本发明将活性成分的混合溶液喷洒到胶体氧化铝上,利用其吸水性吸附结合,再焙烧除去水并分解盐得到氧化物,如此反复直到达到所需的包覆率。
本发明以镍作为主组分调配复合活性组分,本催化剂活性高,能够较好地满足转化工艺的要求,制备成本较低。而且尤其适用于轻烃的转化制氢。
本发明摆脱传统的多孔载体的思路,采用球形载体,在其表面结合催化剂,能有效防止催化剂载体的孔隙在使用中积碳堵塞而造成催化效率降低,从而表现出较好的抗积炭老化性能。
具体实施方式
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,其中实施例1为最佳实施。
实施例1
1)按摩尔比10:7.4:1.0配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为30%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为1.5mm~2.3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.85~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为 20r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.7;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧,温度为610℃,负压值为:-18KPa,焙烧时间为2h。
4)重复步骤2)、3)的操作5次,所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为42.2%。
实施例2
1)按摩尔比10:7.2:1.1配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为28%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为1.0mm~2.5mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.8~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为18r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.5;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧,温度为630℃,负压值为:-19KPa,焙烧时间为1.8h。
4)重复步骤2)、3)的操作4次,所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为38.4%。
实施例3
1)按摩尔比10:7.6:0.9配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为32%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为1.5mm~3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.8~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为 22r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.9;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧,温度为600℃,负压值为:-17KPa,焙烧时间为2.5h。
4)重复步骤2)、3)的操作6次,所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为40.8%。
实施例4
1)按摩尔比10:6.5:1.3配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为35%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为0.5mm~1.3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.75~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为 25r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.3;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧,温度为580℃,负压值为:-15KPa,焙烧时间为3h。
4)重复步骤2)、3)的操作7次,所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为39.1%。
实施例5
1)按摩尔比10:8.5:0.6配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为25%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为1.5mm~3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.75~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为15r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:2.1;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧,温度为650℃,负压值为:-20KPa,焙烧时间为1.5h。
4)重复步骤2)、3)的操作3次,所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为35.4%。
对比例1
1)按摩尔比10:7.4:1.0配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为30%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为1.5mm~2.3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.85~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为 20r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:8.5;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧即得,温度为610℃,负压值为:-18KPa,焙烧时间为2h。所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为24.8%。
对比例2
1)按摩尔比5:10:1配制硝酸镍、硝酸镉和四氨合硝酸铂的混合溶液;混合溶液的总质量浓度为30%。
2)称取胶体氧化铝,胶体氧化铝的粒径为1.5mm~2.3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.85~1,将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机的转速为 20r/min;混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中,胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.7;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝。
3)焙烧路中用氮气置换后,将吸湿的胶体氧化铝在无氧环境下进行微负压焙烧,温度为610℃,负压值为:-18KPa,焙烧时间为2h。
4)重复步骤2)、3)的操作5次,所得催化剂的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝的表面包覆率为41.8%。
从实施例1~5及对比例1、2所得催化剂中取样,进行催化剂活性及抗老化性能测试。其中催化剂活性以每立方米的催化剂在每小时内将天然气原料转化得到的氢气的立方数。抗老化性能分别以使用120h、240h、360h和720h后的催化剂活性的变化来对比表征。天然气制备氢气的工艺采用传统工艺,并分别采用各实施例和对比例的取样催化剂作为对比试验的单变量,产气量固然还与天然气进气量等其它工艺条件有关,在对比实验中作为固定条件,具体工艺条件在此不做赘述,在此仅以各实施例和对比例的对比结果来对比各催化剂的抗老化性能。具体测试结果见表 1。
表1
5h(Nm<sup>3</sup>) | 120h(Nm<sup>3</sup>) | 240h(Nm<sup>3</sup>) | 360h(Nm<sup>3</sup>) | 720h(Nm<sup>3</sup>) | |
实施例1 | 8565 | 8566 | 8564 | 8564 | 8563 |
实施例2 | 8532 | 8532 | 8531 | 8530 | 8531 |
实施例3 | 8546 | 8546 | 8546 | 8545 | 8545 |
实施例4 | 8538 | 8536 | 8536 | 8535 | 8535 |
实施例5 | 8467 | 8466 | 8465 | 8465 | 8463 |
对比例1 | 3642 | 3513 | 3492 | 3321 | 2653 |
对比例2 | 4263 | 4214 | 4175 | 4120 | 4065 |
从表1中可以看出,各实施例的催化剂天然气原料转化量均远高于对比例,同时也高于传统的制氢催化剂,可见本发明的催化剂的催化活性有明显的提高。同时本发明各实施例的催化剂在使用720h后,催化活性(原料转化量)也没有非常明显的降低。而两个对比例的催化活性(原料转化量)却明显降低,说明本发明的催化剂能更长时间的保持催化活性即具有更好的抗老化性能。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
所述的催化剂以球形的胶体氧化铝为载体,以镍、镉、铂的氧化物为复合活性成分;
所述的复合活性成分均匀包覆在胶体氧化铝的表面;
所述的镍、镉、铂的摩尔比为10:6.5~8.5:0.6~1.3;
所述的复合活性成分在胶体氧化铝载体上的包覆面占胶体氧化铝的表面积的35%以上;
催化剂的制备步骤为:
1)按摩尔比配制可溶镍盐、镉盐和铂盐的混合溶液;
2)将胶体氧化铝装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的混料机中,混料机转动过程中将步骤1)中的混合溶液以喷雾的形式喷入混料机中;混料得到吸湿的胶体氧化铝;
3)将吸湿的胶体氧化铝进行微负压焙烧,除去胶体氧化铝中吸收的水分,同时将镍盐、镉盐和铂盐焙烧为其各自的氧化物并包覆在胶体氧化铝的表面;
4)重复步骤2)、3)增加包覆率即得;
步骤3)中所述的微负压焙烧的温度为580℃~650℃,负压值为:-15KPa~-20KPa,焙烧时间为1.5h~3h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
所述的胶体氧化铝的粒径为0.5mm~3mm,胶体氧化铝的球形度为0.75~1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
所述的镍、镉、铂的摩尔比为10:7.2~7.6:0.9~1.1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
步骤1)中所述的混合溶液的总质量浓度为25%~35%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
步骤2)中所述的混料机的转速为15r/min~25r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
所述的胶体氧化铝与混合溶液的质量比为10:1.3~2.1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻烃转化制氢用催化剂,其特征在于:
步骤4)中的重复次数为3~7次。
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CN108561211A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-21 | 中自环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种具有低背压、低起燃温度催化层的dpf及其制备工艺 |
EP3574994A1 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-04 | Basf Se | Method for producing catalyst monoliths for the reforming of hydrocarbons |
CN108906060A (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-30 | 江南大学 | 一种甲烷干重整负载型催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
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