CN114921970A - 一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,依次经过预聚液制备、预聚液涂覆和光催化网的制备步骤制备而成,制备过程简单、易于控制,整个制备过程无污染,制备的光催化网在水环境中具有较好的防污性能,降解过程中只需要太阳光照射,不需要提供其它能源,且反应过程不产生污染物,避免二次污染,易于回收,即节能又环保。本发明所制备的新型防污光催化网适用于海水淡化、废水净化等领域中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防污光催化网的制备技术领域,涉及到一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法。
背景技术
河流、湖泊、海洋是一个生物丰富的复杂系统,存在多种细菌、真菌和藻类等生物污染物,大量的废水排入水体环境,使得在水环境中工作的污水治理装置容易受到污染,造成光催化剂的腐蚀,甚至导致装置失效,影响装置的使用寿命。因此开发新型防污光催化材料是热点研究方向。
近年来,光催化技术快速发展。光催化技术利用太阳光,成本低无污染,已广泛应用于海洋污水处理技术领域,成为利用可再生太阳能处理废水的最有前景的技术之一。但在实际水体环境中的应用仍存在不足,微生物细胞附着在光催化剂上,繁殖形成群落,导致光催化剂受到微生物腐蚀甚至失效,严重影响光催化剂在海洋环境中的使用寿命。然而,两性离子涂层可以结合水分子形成水化层,从而达到良好的水运输和防污性能,防止蛋白质的吸附和细菌、硅藻的粘附。因此,开发一种操作简单、成本低廉的新型防污光催化网在保护光催化剂免受污染,提高污水处理装置使用寿命方面有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,依次经过预聚液制备、预聚液涂覆和光催化网的制备步骤制备而成,制备过程简单、易于控制,整个制备过程无污染,制备的光催化网在水环境中具有较好的防污性能,降解过程中只需要太阳光照射,不需要提供其他能源,且反应过程不产生污染物,避免二次污染,易于回收,即节能又环保。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,按照如下的步骤顺序依次进行:
(1)预聚液制备
在光催化剂中加入两性离子单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮和水,利用振荡器使其在水中均匀分散,形成预聚液;
(2)预聚液涂覆
将预聚液均匀涂覆于载体网正反两面上,涂覆的厚度为50-100μm;
(3)光催化网制备
将上述涂覆了预聚液的载体网置于紫外光下照射30~60min,直至载体网两面的光催化剂都聚合,形成两性离子水凝胶,然后将其置于清水中浸泡10~14h,得到新型防污光催化网。
作为本发明的一种限定:
(一)步骤(1)中,所述光催化剂为TiO2、g-C3N4或Bi2O3中的一种。
(二)步骤(1)中,所述两性离子单体是[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵、2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱或3-二甲基(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)丙烷磺酸铵中的一种。
(三)步骤(1)中,所述光催化剂、两性离子单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和水的质量比为80:400:3:600,所述两性离子单体与2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮的质量体积比为400:3,所述质量体积比的单位为kg/mL。
在本发明中,两性离子单体的种类至关重要。两性离子同时带正、负两种电荷,呈电中性。两性离子聚合物表面电荷与水分子之间形成强相互作用,表现为强烈的表面水合作用。在该作用下,聚合物表面形成强氢键水层,使聚合物具有超亲水性和优异的抗蛋白粘附性能,能够抵抗其他分子和生物体的附着,可以形成有效的防污屏障。
光催化剂、两性离子单体以及BIS、BPO以及水的配比影响着预聚液的性质,进而影响着后期紫外光照射后单体的聚合反应,进而影响最终产品的光催化性能和防污性能。
(四)步骤(3)中,所述紫外光由300W的氙灯配备模拟太阳光的滤波片提供。本发明中,紫外光照过程发生如下的反应,具体为:
将二氧化钛催化剂和两性离子单体,溶解在去离子水中,加入交联剂和引发剂,两性离子单体通过紫外光引发单体聚合,形成水凝胶。
在该过程中加入单体和交联剂的浓度影响着聚合反应的交联程度,而交联的程度对于后期的涂覆及涂层与载体网的附着性能和其使用的寿命有着较大的关系,网状结构会产生毛细作用,使得胶体在网表面更好的扩散,从而有利于在载体网上的涂覆,本发明的原料配比使得单体的交联程度高,有利于凝胶在载体网上的附着性能,提高防污光催化网的稳定性,从而增加它的使用寿命。
(五)步骤(3)中,所述载体网为疏水聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)网、聚丙烯(PP)网或聚碳酸酯(PC)网中的一种。
本发明上述技术方案作为一个整体,每个步骤都是息息相关,无法割裂的,其共同影响着最终产品的光催化和防污性能。
由于采用本发明上述技术方案后,所取得的技术效果如下:
1、本发明所用光催化剂无毒且稳定性能好,应用于水环境防污治理中,对环境无污染,在光催化反应中得到广泛应用。
2、本发明制备具有高防污性能光催化剂水凝胶涂层网的制备方法简单,聚合过程只需要简单的紫外光照射,操作简单,反应条件易于满足,整个过程没有废弃污染物,对环境无污染。
3、本发明所制备的防污光催化网在水环境中具有较好的防污性能,如整个 PP网经改性后由疏水性变为超亲水性,使得防污光催化网可以与污水更好的接触,提升防污性能,其防污性能良好,水环境中可有效降解甲基蓝;降解过程中只需要太阳光照射,不需要提供其他能源,且反应过程不产生污染物,避免二次污染,易于回收,即节能又环保。
4、本发明整个操作步骤具有可重复性,成本低廉,易于工业化推广应用。
本发明适用于制备用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网。
下面将结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明对比例1中聚丙烯(PP)网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网的SEM图,其中:a图为聚丙烯(PP)网的SEM图,b图为新型防污光催化网的SEM图;
图2是本发明对比例1中聚丙烯(PP)网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网在水环境中降解甲基蓝效果图;
图3是本发明对比例1中聚丙烯(PP)网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网的红外测试曲线图;
图4是本发明对比例1中聚丙烯(PP)网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网的接触角测量图,其中:a图为聚丙烯(PP)网接触角测量图,b图为新型防污光催化网的接触角测量图;
图5是本发明对比例1中聚丙烯(PP)网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网的防污性能图,其中:a图为不同网的光学照片,b图为不同网的防污性能对比图,1#是PP网,2#是新型防污光催化网。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中,所述的试剂如无特殊说明,均采用市售试剂,下述实验方法及检测方法,如无特殊说明均采用现有的实验方法和检测方法。
实施例1
本实施例为一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,按照如下的步骤顺序制备而成:
(11)预聚液制备
取4g[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵(SBMA)、 0.8g二氧化钛(粒径尺寸为50nm)、30mg N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS),向其中加入30μL 2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮(BPO)和6g水,在振荡器振荡下使其分散均匀,形成二氧化钛预聚液;
(12)预聚液涂覆
将二氧化钛预聚液均匀涂覆于疏水聚丙烯(PP)网正反两面,涂覆厚度为 100μm;
(13)光催化网制备
将上述涂覆了预聚液的PP网放在紫外光(由300W的氙灯配备模拟太阳光的滤波片提供)下照射30min,使二氧化钛预聚液聚合成二氧化钛水凝胶,然后将其置于清水中浸泡12h,即得具有防污性能的二氧化钛水凝胶涂层网。
本实施例制备具有高防污性能光催化剂水凝胶涂层网的制备方法简单,聚合过程只需要简单的紫外光照射,操作简单,反应条件易于满足,整个过程没有废弃污染物,对环境无污染。制备得到的防污光催化网在水环境中具有良好的防污性能。
实施例2-4
本实施例2-4分别制备一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,制备过程与实施例1相似,不同之处尽在于:制备过程中相应的技术参数不同,具体见下表。
对比例1
本实施例对于不涂覆任何涂层的疏水性聚丙烯网(PP网)进行了防污性能和甲基蓝降解性能测试并分别进行了一些列测试。
本对比例中聚丙烯(PP)网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网进行SEM和红外测试,结果如图1和图3所示。在SEM图中,未经处理的PP网表面呈光滑状态,当在表面涂覆二氧化钛水凝胶后,其表面变得粗糙,证明PP网上已形成涂层。在红外光谱图中可以看出,新型防污光催化网在3300~3500cm-1处和1190 cm-1左右,出现了明显的吸收峰,这可以归结为凝胶层中两性离子单体[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵(SBMA)中的N-H键和C-N 键,表明在PP网表面成功地覆盖了一层水凝胶层。
将本实施例1所制备的新型防污光催化网在水环境中降解甲基蓝,具体的实验过程为:将防污光催化网置于100mL的甲基蓝溶液中,放到紫外光下照射,每十分钟取一次样,一次取3mL,另外还需要取一次甲基蓝原液作为比较。70 min后,甲基蓝由初始浓度10mg/L降解为3.4mg/L,降解率达66%,结果如图 2所示。
将对比例1中PP网和实施例1中新型防污光催化网进行了接触角测量,结果如图4所示,从图中可以看出,PP网与水的接触角要大于130°,而本发明的新型防污光催化网与水的接触角接近于0°,它的超亲水性使得防污光催化网可以与污水更好的接触,从而提升防污性能,达到理想的效果。
将本发明对比例1的PP网和新型防污光催化网放置在室外湖水中,自然条件下放置30天,之后用水冲洗网的表面,将所得的滤液用0.45μm的滤头进行过滤,并对其进行吸光度测量,结果如图5所示,图a为两个不同的网的光学照片,可以很明显的看出,经过一个月后PP网已经完全被污染物覆盖,而实施例1提供的新型防污光催化网还能看到网原来的形貌,表明经过改性的网抗污染能力要强于PP网。图b为两个不同网的防污性能对比图,图中556cm-1和618 cm-1处为藻类的特征吸收波长,PP网中藻类吸收峰很强,而新型防污光催化网中两处的峰明显下降,表明它的防污性能良好。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求保护的范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,按照如下的步骤顺序依次进行:
(1)预聚液制备
在光催化剂中加入两性离子单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮和水,利用振荡器使其在水中均匀分散,形成预聚液;
(2)预聚液涂覆
将预聚液均匀涂覆于载体网正反两面上,涂覆的厚度为50-100μm;
(3)光催化网制备
将上述涂覆了预聚液的载体网置于紫外光下照射30~60min,直至载体网两面的光催化剂都聚合,形成两性离子水凝胶,然后将其置于清水中浸泡10~14h,得到新型防污光催化网。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述光催化剂为TiO2、g-C3N4或Bi2O3中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述两性离子单体是[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵、2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱或3-二甲基(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)丙烷磺酸铵中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述光催化剂、两性离子单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和水的质量比为80:400:3:600,所述两性离子单体与2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮的质量体积比为400:3,所述质量体积比的单位为kg/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述紫外光由300W的氙灯配备模拟太阳光的滤波片提供。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的一种用于水环境中的新型防污光催化网的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述载体网为疏水聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯网或聚丙烯网或聚碳酸酯网中的一种。
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