CN114921497A - 一种双靶向cd19/cd38嵌合抗原受体t细胞的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种双靶向cd19/cd38嵌合抗原受体t细胞的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备方法和应用,该种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体慢病毒表达质粒的制备步骤如下:(1)按照中心法则,获得所述CAR的编码序列DNA;(2)以PCDH质粒为表达载体,对其进行EcoRI/Sall双酶切,然后利用T4 DNA连接酶将步骤(1)中的编码序列DNA整合重组进入PCDH质粒中;(3)将步骤(2)中的连接产物转化STABL3感受态细胞,筛选、扩大培养后进一步提取质粒,即可获得重组后的慢病毒表达质粒,它通过制备成CAR‑T细胞进行应用。本发明既可以靶向CD19抗原也能靶向CD38抗原,规避了CAR‑T细胞因为其中一种抗原的缺失或下调导致肿瘤细胞逃逸,CAR‑T细胞治疗无效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肿瘤细胞免疫治疗领域,具体涉及到一种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
CAR-T(Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell,嵌合抗原受体T细胞)作为肿瘤免疫治疗的一种有效治疗方式,已在2017年被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准上市用于治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)。其中以CD19为靶点的CAR-T细胞可以有效的清除CD19+肿瘤细胞,在临床前和临床实验中表现出了令人鼓舞的结果,并且已经证明他们在患有难治性和复发性的b-前体急性淋巴细胞性白血病儿童和青少年中进行有效的抗白血病效应是安全可行的,毒性可逆并且没有发生持续的B细胞发育不全。尽管CAR-T细胞治疗取得了非常好的效果,但是仍有一大批患者发生复发。研究表明CART19细胞治疗之后复发的患者中涉及到CD19抗原表达的缺失或下调,使CART19细胞不能有效地激活,CART19细胞治疗的疗效明显减弱。在我们的临床试验中发现复发的患者中CD38抗原均表达,并且相较于CART19回输前复发的患者CD38表达有升高现象。
人CD38抗原(45kda)是一种II型跨膜糖蛋白,在单核细胞、浆细胞和未成熟细胞,以及激活的T和B淋巴细胞中表达。CD38广泛表达于各种类型的癌细胞上(包括实体瘤和血液系统肿瘤),例如,肺癌、前列腺癌、B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B-NHL)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)和胶原蛋白疾病。CD38也表达在一些难治性/复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病(R/R-ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤中(NHL),尤其是与在CART19细胞治疗之后复发难治性癌症相关。多项研究已经证明CD38单克隆抗体(Daratumumab)在临床应用中的有效性和安全性。基于以上,靶向CD38的CAR-T细胞疗法已被研究,能够靶向并消除CD38阳性的肿瘤细胞,证明了其在癌症治疗中的可行性。
大量研究表明CART19细胞只能靶向表达CD19抗原的肿瘤细胞,CART38只能靶向表达CD38抗原的肿瘤细胞,由于单一抗原易发生突变或者缺失,导致这两种CAR-T细胞不能识别相应的靶细胞并进行杀伤。
那么解决这种困境的一种潜在的方法是设计一种能够靶向两种及更多抗原的T细胞。本发明提供了一种表达双特异性CAR分子的T细胞,即串联型Tandem CART19/38。肿瘤细胞只需要表达两种抗原(CD19、CD38)中的任意一种抗原就可以激活T细胞,而肿瘤细胞若想不被T细胞识别攻击,则必须要同时丢失两种抗原。这种双靶点CAR-T细胞疗法能够双管齐下,降低了癌细胞发生逃逸现象的机率,明显改善了CAR-T细胞疗法的有效性。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备方法和应用,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明既可以靶向CD19抗原也能靶向CD38抗原,规避了CAR-T细胞因为其中一种抗原的缺失或下调而导致肿瘤细胞逃逸,CAR-T细胞治疗无效。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备方法,它的制备步骤如下:
S1、慢病毒表达质粒的构件
(1)按照中心法则,获得所述CAR的编码序列DNA;
(2)以PCDH质粒为表达载体,对其进行EcoRI/Sall双酶切,然后利用T4 DNA连接酶将步骤(1)中的编码序列DNA整合重组进入PCDH质粒中;
(3)将步骤(2)中的连接产物转化STABL3感受态细胞,筛选、扩大培养后进一步提取质粒,即可获得重组后的慢病毒表达质粒。
如上述的慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用。
如上述的慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用,它用于靶向肿瘤细胞的CD19、CD38抗原,包装制备慢病毒时,以293T细胞作为待转染目的细胞。
如上述的慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用,具体应用步骤如下:
S2、包装制备慢病毒:以293T细胞作为待转染目的细胞,首先进行铺板孵育24h;然后将所构建获得的慢病毒表达质粒与包装质粒混合,利用脂质体转染试剂jetprime对待转染的目的细胞293T细胞进行转染48h;转染结束后,收集上清,备用,以准备用于T细胞的感染;
S3、制备纯化的T细胞
首先从人外周血分离获得单个核细胞,然后分离获得纯化的CD3+T细胞;最后,每1*106 CD3+T中加入10ul T cell TransActTN活化2天备用;
S4、T细胞感染
在S3中活化2天后的细胞中,铺于12孔板中,1*106 cellls/孔,加入S1中所收集的病毒上清3ml与10ug/ml 溴化己二甲铵,1000g, 离心150min;
S5、扩增T细胞并检测
对S4中孵育感染后的T细胞,离心清洗至少3次后,加入含1000U IL-2与10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基,以进一步扩增T细胞;
对扩增后的T细胞可利用流式细胞技术对T细胞表面CAR的表达情况进行检测判定,确定转染效率之后,进行CAR-T杀伤以及体内实验。
如上述的慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用,所述肿瘤具体为表达CD19或CD38的恶性肿瘤。
上述人外周血分离获得单个核细胞,可以采用密度梯度离心方法;分离获得纯化的CD3+T细胞可以采用T细胞分离磁珠进行分离纯化。
与现有技术相比,本发明具备的有益效果:
本发明既可以靶向CD19抗原也能靶向CD38抗原,规避了CART19细胞因为CD19抗原的缺失或下调而导致肿瘤细胞逃逸,CART19细胞治疗无效。
附图说明
图1为CART19/38-41BB-CD3z结构和现有以CD19和CD38为靶点的CAR结构说明图;
图2是流式细胞术检测CAR-T转染效率图;
图3是流式细胞术检测CD19和CD38在不同肿瘤细胞系中的表达情况;
图4是流式细胞术检测CART19上清诱导肿瘤细胞中CD38的表达;
图5是流式细胞术检测CART19、CART38、CART19/38对不同肿瘤细胞的杀伤情况;
图6是活体成像技术检测肿瘤生长的荧光情况。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
本发明提供了一种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备方法,它的制备步骤如下:
S1、慢病毒表达质粒的构件
(1)按照中心法则,获得所述CAR的编码序列DNA;
(2)以PCDH质粒为表达载体,对其进行EcoRI/Sall双酶切,然后利用T4 DNA连接酶将步骤(1)中的编码序列DNA整合重组进入PCDH质粒中;
(3)将步骤(2)中的连接产物转化STABL3感受态细胞,筛选、扩大培养后进一步提取质粒,即可获得重组后的慢病毒表达质粒。
上述的慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用,它用于靶向肿瘤细胞的CD19、CD38抗原,包装制备慢病毒时,以293T细胞作为待转染目的细胞,具体应用步骤如下:
S2、包装制备慢病毒:以293T细胞作为待转染目的细胞,首先进行铺板孵育24h;然后将所构建获得的慢病毒表达质粒与包装质粒混合,利用脂质体转染试剂jetprime对待转染的目的细胞293T细胞进行转染48h;转染结束后,收集上清,备用,以准备用于T细胞的感染;
S3、制备纯化的T细胞
首先以采用密度梯度离心方法从人外周血分离获得单个核细胞,然后分离获得纯化的CD3+T细胞,具体纯化方法采用T细胞分离磁珠进行分离纯化;最后,每1*106 CD3+T中加入10ul T cell TransActTN活化2天备用;
S4、T细胞感染
在S3中活化2天后的细胞中,铺于12孔板中,1*106 cellls/孔,加入S1中所收集的病毒上清3ml与10ug/ml 溴化己二甲铵,1000g, 离心150min;
S5、扩增T细胞并检测
对S4中孵育感染后的T细胞,离心清洗至少3次后,加入含1000U IL-2与10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基,以进一步扩增T细胞;
对扩增后的T细胞可利用流式细胞技术对T细胞表面CAR的表达情况进行检测判定,确定转染效率之后,进行CAR-T杀伤以及体内实验。
实验检测
一、病毒包装情况检测
T细胞感染5天后,利用流式细胞术对T细胞表面CAR的表达情况进行检测,图1为CART19/38-41BB-CD3z结构和现有以CD19和CD38为靶点的CAR结构说明图,图2为流式细胞术检测CAR-T转染效率图,结果显示,病毒感染CD3+T细胞状态良好,CAR表达阳性率均能达到40%-60%,可以用于下一步实验的检测。
二、CD19及CD38表达情况检测
CD19和CD38表达检测方法具体参考如下:
将1ul CD19 antibody和1ul CD38 antibody分别加入细胞悬液中,在4℃的避光环境中孵育15分钟,通过流式细胞术上机检测CD19和CD38表达水平。
图3为流式细胞术检测CD19和CD38在不同肿瘤细胞系中的表达情况,结果如图3所示,在Rosi细胞中,CD19和CD38表达水平最低,几乎不表达,可以作为对照;在A549-CD19(CD19过表达的A549细胞系)细胞中,CD19高表达,CD38表达水平很低,可作为CART19和CART19/38的靶细胞;在YTS细胞中,CD38高表达,CD19不表达,可作为CART38和CART19/38的靶细胞;在Raji细胞中,CD19和CD38均高表达,可作为CART19、CART38和CART19/38的靶细胞。
为验证CART19上清对肿瘤细胞表面CD38表达的刺激作用,将肿瘤细胞Rosi和A549分别与CART19上清共孵育,48小时后,流式细胞术检测CD38表达。
图4为流式细胞术检测CART19上清对肿瘤细胞中CD38的诱导表达情况,具体结果如图4所示,肿瘤细胞表面CD38明显上调,这一结果说明,CART19细胞的上清有效地诱导了肿瘤细胞表面抗原CD38表达上调。
三、对不同肿瘤细胞凋亡情况检测
将CAR-T细胞扩增7天后,以不同CD19和CD38表达情况的肿瘤细胞作为实验对象,以检测评价肿瘤细胞凋亡情况,具体实验设置为:
分别用A549-CD19、YTS、Raji细胞作为靶细胞,Rosi作为对照细胞。使用CellProliferation Dye eFluor™ 670标记肿瘤细胞,然后以不同种类的T细胞作为效应细胞(Mock-T、CART19、CART38、CART19/38),按照不同的效靶比(1:1、2.5:1、5:1、10:1)将T细胞与靶细胞于96孔板中共孵育6小时,每组设置三个复孔。
收集细胞,将细胞沉淀物用Annexin V- binding buffer (BioLegend, SanDiego, CA, USA)重悬,将1ul Annexin V antibody (BioLegend)加入细胞悬液中,在4℃的避光环境中孵育15分钟;Propidium(碘化丙碇,Sigma)在上机前加入细胞悬液中;所有样本均使用FACSCanto II或C6流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson)进行分析,数据使用FlowJo软件(FlowJo, LLC, Ashland, Covington, KY, USA)进行分析。
图5为流式细胞术检测Mock-T、CART19、CART38、CART19/38杀伤靶细胞效率,结果如图5所示,可以看出:即使针对不同的肿瘤细胞,相比于Mock-T细胞,CART19细胞可以有效的特异性杀伤表达CD19的肿瘤细胞Raji和A549-CD19,CART38细胞可以有效的特异性杀伤表达CD38的肿瘤细胞Raji和YTS,CART19/38细胞可以有效的特异性杀伤表达CD19或CD38的肿瘤细胞Raji、A549-CD19和YTS。例如:
在效靶比为10:1情况下,其差异效果更为明显。CART19细胞对CD19阳性的肿瘤细胞A549-CD19和Raji的清除效果在效靶比10:1时分别为30-40%和45-60%;CART38细胞对CD38阳性的肿瘤细胞YTS和Raji的清除效果在效靶比10:1时分别为30-40%和50-60%;CART19/38细胞对CD19或(和)CD38阳性的肿瘤细胞A549-CD19、YTS和Raji的清除效果在效靶比10:1时分别为30-40%,30-40%和50-60%。
四、肿瘤异种移植小鼠模型
在上述实验基础上,进一步进行了小鼠实验,具体过程简要介绍如下:
利用NTG免疫缺陷小鼠,给予尾静脉回输PBS重悬的Raji-fluc 细胞100ul,构建尾静脉回输异种移植小鼠模型,7天后,经尾静脉分别回输不同组别的T细胞(Mock-T、CART19、CART38、CART19+CART38、CART19/38)进行治疗,按照每组5只计。
实验过程中利用小动物活体成像设备检测肿瘤表达的荧光变化。
利用小动物活体成像设备检测肿瘤表达的荧光变化时,首先用3%异氟醚(RWD生命科学,深圳,中国)在诱导室内麻醉小鼠;然后每只小鼠用注射器腹腔注射100ul 的d -荧光素溶液(0.15mg/ml, Yeasen Biotech Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai, China),10分钟后利用动物活体成像设备IVIS Lumina, Series Ⅲ spectrometer (Caliper Life Science) 检测荧光,最后利用live image 4.3.1 software (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA)进行分析。
图6为小动物活体成像技术检测新型CAR-T细胞能够有效控制肿瘤生长且效率优于现有CAR-T细胞,实验结果如图6所示,结果统计及分析可以看出:
肿瘤荧光强度方面:Mock-T细胞治疗组,小鼠的肿瘤荧光强度持续增加,在35天内全部死亡;CART19、CART38、CART19+CART38细胞治疗的小鼠肿瘤荧光强度在第12天时明显下降,部分小鼠仍能检测到肿瘤荧光值,随着时间的延长,个别小鼠荧光强度明显增加,在第35天时这三组均出现小鼠死亡的现象;CART19/38治疗的小鼠肿瘤在第12天被完全清除,随着时间的延长,在第35天时有2只小鼠出现复发,但荧光值很低,小鼠均未出现死亡。即:CART19/38细胞治疗组对小鼠肿瘤有明显的清除和抑制作用,且作用效果强于前四组。
综上实验结果可以看出,CAR-T细胞治疗的效果与肿瘤细胞表面抗原的表达有关,本发明正对目前现有的靶向CD19的CAR结构进行优化,优化的CAR19/38结构经过慢病毒包装及T细胞感染构建的CART19/38细胞能有效的杀伤和控制肿瘤,明显改善了CAR-T细胞疗法的有效性。
体外实验证明串联型CART19/38不仅可以杀伤CD19阳性的肿瘤细胞,还可以杀伤CD19阴性但CD38阳性的肿瘤细胞;而CART19细胞只能杀伤表达CD19阳性的肿瘤细胞,对CD19阴性的细胞没有杀伤作用。
小鼠实验证明串联型CART19/38对小鼠肿瘤进展的控制力略优于CART19细胞,而且经过CART19/38治疗的小鼠的生存时间略优于CART19治疗的小鼠。
CAR 骨架质粒的构建 首先从 NCBI 网站获得 CD19 和 CD38 的 scFV 序列信息,序列信息如下:
Anti-CD19 antibody,clone FMC63,
Heavy chain:
EVKLQESGPGLVAPSQSLSVTCTVSGVSLPDYGVSWIRQPPR KGLEWLGVIWGSETTYYNSALKSRLTIIKDNSKSQVFLKMNSLQTDDTAIYYC AKHYYYGGSYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSSAAA
Light chain:
DIQMTQTTSSLSASLGDRVTISCRASQDISKYLNWYQQKPDGTV KLLIYHTSRLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDYSLTISNLEQEDIATYFCQQGNTLPYTFG GGTKLEIT。
Anti-CD38 antibody, clone HB7
Heavy chain:
TLVQLKQSGPSLVQPSQRLSITCTVSGFSLISYGVHWVRQSPGKGLEWLGVIW RGGSTDYNAAFMSRLSITKDNSKSQVFFKMNSLQADDTAIYFCAKTLITTGYA MDYWGQGTSVTVSSAKTTPPSVYPLAPGSAAQTNSMVTLGCLVKGYFPEPVT VTWNSGSLSSGVHTFPAVLQSDLYTLSSSVTVPSSTWPSETVTCNVAHPASSTKVDKKIENR
Light chain:
IQMTQSSSSFSVSLGDRVTITCKASEDIYNRLAWYQQKPGNAPRLLISGATSLE TGVPSRFSGSGSGKDYTLSITSLQTEDVATYYCQQYWSTPTFGGGTKLEIKRA DAAPTVSIFPPSSEQLTSGGASVVCFLNNFYPKDINVKWKIDGSERQNGVLNS WTDQDSKDSTYSMSSTLTLTKDEYERHNSYTCEATHKTSTSPIVKSFNRNE
以上所述仅为本发明最佳的实施例,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1. 一种双靶向CD19/CD38嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
S1、慢病毒表达质粒的构件
(1)按照中心法则,获得所述CAR的编码序列DNA;
(2)以PCDH质粒为表达载体,对其进行EcoRI/Sall双酶切,然后利用T4 DNA连接酶将步骤(1)中的编码序列DNA整合重组进入PCDH质粒中;
(3)将步骤(2)中的连接产物转化STABL3感受态细胞,筛选、扩大培养后进一步提取质粒,即可获得重组后的慢病毒表达质粒;
S2、包装制备慢病毒:以293T细胞作为待转染目的细胞,首先进行铺板孵育24h;然后将所构建获得的慢病毒表达质粒与包装质粒混合,利用脂质体转染试剂jetprime对待转染的目的细胞293T细胞进行转染48h;转染结束后,收集上清,备用,以准备用于T细胞的感染;
S3、制备纯化的T细胞
首先从人外周血分离获得单个核细胞,然后分离获得纯化的CD3+T细胞;最后,每1*106CD3+T中加入10ul T cell TransActTN活化2天备用;
S4、T细胞感染
在S3中活化2天后的细胞中,铺于12孔板中,1*106 cells/孔,加入S1中所收集的病毒上清3ml与10ug/ml 溴化己二甲铵, 1000g, 离心150min;
S5、扩增T细胞并检测
对S4中孵育感染后的T细胞,离心清洗至少3次后,加入含1000U IL-2与10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基,以进一步扩增T细胞;
对扩增后的T细胞可利用流式细胞技术对T细胞表面CAR的表达情况进行检测判定,确定转染效率之后,进行CAR-T杀伤以及体内实验。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法中慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用,其特征在于:它用于靶向肿瘤细胞的CD19、CD38抗原,包装制备慢病毒时,以293T细胞作为待转染目的细胞。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法中慢病毒表达质粒通过制备成CAR-T细胞进行应用,其特征在于:所述肿瘤具体为表达CD19或CD38的恶性肿瘤。
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