CN114919247A - 一种层状复合薄膜及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种层状复合薄膜及其制备方法、应用,属于功能材料技术领域。所述层状复合薄膜包括聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二,所述聚合物薄膜一单面注入正/负电荷,所述的聚合物薄膜二覆盖在所述聚合物薄膜一带电荷面并使其紧密接触;所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二可以为同质材料,也可为异质材料,不限于有机聚合物。所述层状复合薄膜的制备方法利用了静电相互作用原理,使得聚合物薄膜一与聚合物薄膜二能牢固地贴合在一起,形成层状复合薄膜,工艺简单、操作方便;两层膜之间的正/负电荷引起极化性质的改变,能够有效地提高薄膜的机电耦合性能;由于层状复合薄膜的主体为有机聚合物,柔性高,满足可穿戴器件对薄膜材料的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料的领域,更具体地,涉及一种层状复合薄膜及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
可穿戴技术能够实时感知穿戴者及其周围环境的信息,因此在医疗、体育、机器人等领域都具有广阔的发展前景。目前一些常见的穿戴设备,如手环,可以向使用者提供一些基础的健康检测功能,如血压、脉搏、运动和睡眠监测等,受到了人们的青睐。柔性和自供电是可穿戴器件的两个重要的性能要求。传统的材料如压电陶瓷虽然具有较高的力电转换效率,但是其刚度大,柔性差,很难满足可穿戴设备的需求。一些柔性压电聚合物材料如聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜,具有柔性高的特点,因而具有较高的适用性。但是其制备工艺较为复杂、极化条件要求较高、且成本较高。
因此,本发明提出一种静电组装法,通过简单静电加工即可得到内部带有电荷的薄膜材料。由于其结构简单和制备成本低的优点,可以用以替换传统压电聚合物材料。。
发明内容
为了克服现有的复合薄膜的缺陷,本发明提出了一种层状复合薄膜及其制备方法、应用,具体技术方案如下:
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种层状复合薄膜,所述层状复合薄膜包括聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二,所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二通过静电作用紧密连接,聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二在静电吸引区域为平整状态。
作为本发明的优选,所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二为同质材料或异质材料。
本发明的第二方面,提出了一种层状复合薄膜的制备方法,包括:
在聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二的表面使用有机溶剂进行表面处理;
在聚合物薄膜一进行过表面处理的一面或双面注入电荷;
将聚合物薄膜二进行过表面处理的一面覆盖在聚合物薄膜一带电荷面并使其紧密接触。
作为本发明的优选,所述的有机溶剂为无水乙醇、去离子水、甲醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙醚中的任意一种或多种。
作为本发明的优选,所述的聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二的材质选自派瑞林、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙丙烯共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯及其共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酰亚胺中的任一种或多种。
作为本发明的优选,所述的聚合物薄膜一与聚合物薄膜二的厚度为0-1mm。
作为本发明的优选,所述的聚合物薄膜二与聚合物薄膜一的内部设有孔洞,可通过调节孔洞的大小和密度等改变复合薄膜的力学灵敏度。
作为本发明的优选,所述聚合物薄膜一带电荷面的带电荷面积至少占其带电荷面的表面积的30%,使聚合物薄膜一的带电荷面间断带电;注入电荷的方法采用电晕充电、电击穿充电、电子束辐照充电、液体接触法充电中的任一种。
作为本发明的优选,所述聚合物薄膜一或/和聚合物薄膜二进行过表面处理的一面上设置有凹槽阵列。
本发明的第三方面,提出了通过上述制备方法制备得到的层状复合薄膜在可穿戴传感器上的应用。
通过上述技术方案,本发明具备以下优点:
1.本发明通过电晕充电、液体接触法充电等方法使聚合物薄膜带电,以静电吸附方式实现了将多层薄膜组装成层状复合薄膜,无需化学反应或高温熔融等过程,可有效简化制备工艺,降低制备成本。
2.本发明采用的聚合物薄膜和驻极体薄膜的主体均为有机聚合物,机械柔性比传统无机材料有显著提高。
3.本发明将聚合物薄膜二与带正/负电荷的聚合物薄膜一通过薄膜间的静电作用结合在一起组成层状复合薄膜,剪切强度较大,可靠性高,且操作简单,适合大批量生产。聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二适用多种薄膜类型,例如聚合物薄膜一可采用驻极体薄膜,其能够长时间保存电荷,使制得的薄膜获得更高的寿命和性能稳定性,且具有良好的机电耦合效应、高透明度、质量和体积小等优点,可以应用于传感领域,但不限于能量收集与能量存储领域。
附图说明
图1是实施例中的一种层间带连续负电荷的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图2是实施例中的一种层间带连续正电荷的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图3是薄膜的力学性能测试示意图,其中(a)测试的原理图,(b)薄膜的剪切力和位移的数据图;
图4是实施例中的一种层间带间断负电荷的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图5是实施例中的一种由单层薄膜和双层薄膜形成的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图6是实施例中的一种多层结构的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图7是实施例中的一种单层复合面设有孔洞的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图8是实施例中的一种双层复合面设有孔洞的层状复合薄膜的结构图;
图9是薄膜作为传感器应用时的电压信号图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种层状复合薄膜,所述层状复合薄膜包括聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二,所述聚合物薄膜一的一面注入正/负电荷,将所述聚合物薄膜二覆盖在聚合物薄膜一带电荷面并使其紧密接触。所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二可以为同质材料,也可为异质材料;所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二不限于有机聚合物。
该层状复合薄膜由聚合物薄膜一与聚合物薄膜二构成,两层膜之间通过正/负电荷引起的极化性质的改变,能够有效地提高层状复合薄膜的机电耦合性能。改变聚合物薄膜一注入电荷方式及注入电荷量、两片薄膜的厚度以及材质,可以得到不同性能的层状复合薄膜。聚合物薄膜一的材质可以选择:氟化乙丙烯共聚物(FEP)、可溶性聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙稀、聚丙烯和聚乙稀等。聚合物薄膜二可以选用以上材料,也可以选择聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚丙烯腈等,可根据实际需求选择。以上材料均可向其中加入一些无机材料以获得不同的性能。
本发明的第二方面提出一种层状复合薄膜的制备方法,用于制备本发明中公开的层状复合薄膜,包括以下内容:
使用聚合物材料制备一片聚合物薄膜一与一片聚合物薄膜二,并将聚合物薄膜一其中一面注入电荷;将聚合物薄膜二覆盖在聚合物薄膜一带电荷面,通过静电作用形成层状复合薄膜。
实施例一
参照图1,将厚度为12.5μm的FEP薄膜平铺在电晕充电试验仪接地端上,采用电晕充电法对FEP驻极体薄膜加-18kV的偏压注入电荷,时长为10分钟,获得带负电的FEP薄膜,测得其表面电势为-1.8kV。将带负电荷的FEP薄膜平铺后,在其表面覆盖一层厚度为12.5μm的FEP薄膜,通过静电组装后获得层状复合薄膜。对材料进行力学性能测试,测得其剪切强度为16kPa。
实施例二
取一片12.5μm厚的FEP薄膜,用无水乙醇对表面进行清洗后,待无水乙醇挥发完之后,将薄膜平铺在电晕充电试验仪接地端上,采用电晕充电法对FEP驻极体薄膜加-18kV的偏压注入电荷,时长为10分钟,获得带负电的FEP薄膜,测得其表面电势为-2.4kV。另取一片12.5μm厚的FEP薄膜,用无水乙醇对表面进行清洗,并将其覆盖在前述FEP薄膜带电荷面,通过静电组装后获得层状复合薄膜。
对制备得到的层状复合薄膜的剪切强度进行测试,如图3中的a所示,为了便于测试,该层状复合薄膜在中间部分进行静电作用连接,两端分别预留了可进行拉伸的部分。测量结果如图3中的b所示,相比实施一,使用有机溶剂进行表面处理后的层状复合薄膜的剪切强度得到了明显提升。
本实施例中,还可以在实施例一和实施例二的基础上,对驻极体薄膜注入正电荷,获得带正电的FEP薄膜,得到如图2所示的层间带连续正电荷的层状复合薄膜。
聚合物薄膜一可以局部、间断带电,如图4所示。在制备过程中,可以对薄膜局部注入电荷,采用多点位注入的方式,通过局部的静电作用将两层薄膜复合在一起。本实施例中,聚合物薄膜二可以是单层,也可以是两层及以上,所述的两层及以上的薄膜可通过高温熔融、旋涂等方法制得,如图5所示。
本实施例中,可以重复实施例一和实施例二的过程,将FEP驻极体薄膜的另一侧同样注入负电荷,得到由多层叠加形成的层状复合薄膜结构,如图6所示为三层复合薄膜结构。
本实施例中,聚合物薄膜二表面可以带有部分孔洞,孔洞结构的存在可以有效降低材料的模量,在将其作为传感器时,可调节其力学灵敏度的需要,例如,可以如图7所示,在其中一层薄膜的层间设置矩形凹槽阵列,或者如图8所示在两层聚合物薄膜内部设计成多孔结构。
实施例三
取一片12.5μm厚FEP薄膜放入磁控溅射仪内镀上铜电极,然后切割成两片,对未镀电极面进行电荷注入、组装。之后用铜导线贴附于薄膜两面,并接到实验仪表上。将薄膜置于柔性物品如海绵上,用手指按压,并测量相应的电压信号变化,如图9所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种层状复合薄膜,其特征在于,包括聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二,所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二通过静电作用紧密连接,聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二在静电吸引区域为平整状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层状复合薄膜,其特征在于,所述聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二为同质材料或异质材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
在聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二的表面使用有机溶剂进行表面处理;
在聚合物薄膜一进行过表面处理的一面或双面注入电荷;
将聚合物薄膜二进行过表面处理的一面覆盖在聚合物薄膜一带电荷面并使其紧密接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为无水乙醇、去离子水、甲醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙醚中的任意一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合物薄膜一和聚合物薄膜二的材质选自派瑞林、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙丙烯共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯及其共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酰亚胺中的任一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合物薄膜一与聚合物薄膜二的厚度为0-1mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合物薄膜二与聚合物薄膜一的内部设有孔洞。
8.根据权利要求1所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物薄膜一带电荷面的带电荷面积至少占其带电荷面的表面积的30%,注入电荷的方法采用电晕充电、电击穿充电、电子束辐照充电、液体接触法充电中的任一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的层状复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物薄膜一或/和聚合物薄膜二进行过表面处理的一面上设置有凹槽阵列。
10.权利要求3-9任一权利要求所述的制备方法制备得到的层状复合薄膜在可穿戴传感器上的应用。
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