CN114917188A - 一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液 - Google Patents
一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114917188A CN114917188A CN202210488253.2A CN202210488253A CN114917188A CN 114917188 A CN114917188 A CN 114917188A CN 202210488253 A CN202210488253 A CN 202210488253A CN 114917188 A CN114917188 A CN 114917188A
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体的说是涉及一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液。塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液为采用湿法介质研磨法将塞来昔布、空间稳定剂、小分子助悬剂和水混合,即得;塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液按质量体积比计,塞来昔布的质量体积浓度为1%‑30%、空间型稳定剂的质量体积浓度为1%‑5%、小分子助悬剂的质量体积浓度为1%‑20%,余量为水。本发明制备的塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液中加入小分子助悬剂,可以增加分散介质的黏度,提高纳米混悬液的稳定性,使纳米混悬液在体内不发生聚集,仍然保持较大的比表面积,增大药物的溶出速率,使药物更容易进入体循环,从而促进药物的吸收。本制剂在治疗急性疼痛领域具有较好的应用前景,不仅可以解决临床上频繁给药的问题,而且还能够缓解阿片类药物滥用的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体的说是涉及一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液。
背景技术
急性疼痛是常见的临床症状之一,主要包括急性创伤性疼痛、手术后疼痛、分娩痛以及内脏痛。目前,临床上治疗术后急性疼痛主要是使用阿片类镇痛药。然而,阿片类镇痛药虽然镇痛效果好,但是会产生许多副作用,比如,患者经常会出现恶心、呕吐和成瘾性。一般情况下,阿片类镇痛药给药一次只能维持几个小时。然而,手术后急性疼痛一般会持续几天、几周甚至几个月。鉴于以上情况,开发一种长效注射剂用于治疗术后急性疼痛是有必要的。
塞来昔布(Celecoxib,CXB)是临床上常用的非甾体类抗炎镇痛药,通过选择性抑制环氧化酶-2(COX-2)来有效抑制前列腺素的合成,降低术后炎症反应和组织水肿,达到抗炎、镇痛及退热的效果。
塞来昔布化学名为4-[5-(4-甲苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1氢-1-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酰胺,为白色或类白色结晶性粉末,几乎不溶于水,但溶于甲醇、乙醇、二甲亚砜及丙酮等有机溶剂,熔点为158-163℃。其化学结构式如下:
塞来昔布是第一个根据环氧化酶异构体理论研制的新型非甾体抗炎药。与传统的非甾体抗炎药相比,胃肠道不良反应发生率较低,但仍伴随着安全性问题。塞来昔布由美国GD Searle&Pfizer公司研发成功,于1999年在美国上市销售。2000年批准在中国上市,商品名为“西乐葆”(Celebrex),在临床上主要用于治疗急性和慢性的骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎和急性疼痛。到目前为止,塞来昔布的上市制剂只有胶囊剂和片剂。然而,这些口服制剂存在一些缺点。首先,塞来昔布属于BCS II类药物,水溶性极差,其吸收主要受溶出速率的限制,口服生物利用度低;其次,口服后在体内很快被胃肠道代谢吸收,所以无法长期在体内缓慢释放药物。因此,需要开发一种能够提高塞来昔布生物利用度,降低给药频率的制剂。
近年来,纳米技术发展迅速,已成为药剂学领域解决难溶性药物问题的一种重要手段。纳米混悬液是指纯药物与少量稳定剂形成的一种亚微米胶态分散体系。将难溶性药物制成纳米混悬液不仅可以提高生物利用度,而且由于辅料用量少,也提高了制剂的安全性。然而,纳米混悬液属热动力学不稳定体系,由于纳米粒子具有较大的表面自由能,为了降低表面自由能,纳米粒子有聚集的趋势。为了提高纳米混悬液的稳定性,需要加入合适的稳定剂来增加液体分散介质的黏度,进一步增加粒子间的排斥力,抑制纳米粒子的聚集。然而,使用单一稳定剂不能最大限度的保持混悬液的稳定性,导致纳米混悬液在体内发生聚集,降低药物的溶出速率,使药物难以进入体循环,从而降低药物的吸收。因此,开发一种稳定性好、安全性高且具有持久镇痛效果的纳米混悬液是急需解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有的问题,本发明目的在于提供一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用技术方案为:
一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液,塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液为采用湿法介质研磨法将塞来昔布、空间稳定剂、小分子助悬剂和水混合,即得;塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液按质量体积比计,塞来昔布的质量体积浓度为1%-30%、空间型稳定剂的质量体积浓度为1%-5%、小分子助悬剂的质量体积浓度为1%-20%,余量为水。
所述稳定剂为D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS);所述小分子助悬剂选自:聚乙二醇300(PEG300)、聚乙二醇400(PEG400)、聚乙二醇600(PEG600)、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖中的一种或多种。
所述纳米混悬液中塞来昔布原料的粒径为50-600nm。
塞来昔布与D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)的重量比为:30:1-1:5,优选为10:1-1:1。
一种塞来昔布纳米混悬液的制备方法,采用湿法介质研磨法将塞来昔布、空间稳定剂、小分子助悬剂和水混合,即得;塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液按质量体积比计,塞来昔布的质量体积浓度为1%-30%、空间型稳定剂的质量体积浓度为1%-5%、小分子助悬剂的质量体积浓度为1%-20%,余量为水。
进一步的说:
(1)将空间型稳定剂、小分子助悬剂溶于去离子水中,得到溶液A;
(2)将塞来昔布原料药缓慢倒入溶液A中,通过磁力搅拌使塞来昔布均匀分散在溶液A中,得到粗混悬液B;
(3)将粗混悬液B倒入含有二氧化锆球磨珠的研磨罐中;
(4)将研磨罐放入行星式球磨机中研磨,研磨后,得到塞来昔布纳米混悬液。
所述步骤(3)二氧化锆研磨珠与粗混悬液的比为1-5(w/v),研磨珠的直径为0.1-0.6mm。
所述步骤(4)行星式球磨机的功率为25-35Hz,为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨1-15min,停止1-10min,总研磨时间为2-10h。
一种塞来昔布纳米混悬液的应用,所述塞来昔布纳米混悬液在作为持久的镇痛中的应用。
本发明的优点在于:
本发明塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液,其中添加小分子助悬剂,并以湿法介质研磨法制备获得;所得纳米混悬液达到持久的镇痛作用,可以应用于术后急性疼痛的治疗。对该制剂进行体外溶出度和体内药动学、药效学的研究,测定结果表明,在提高塞来昔布的溶出度及生物利用度的同时实现长达240h的药物释放,并对术后疼痛具有显著的镇痛效果。制备的塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液中加入小分子助悬剂,可以增加分散介质的黏度,提高纳米混悬液的稳定性,使纳米混悬液在体内不发生聚集,仍然保持较大的比表面积,增大药物的溶出速率,使药物更容易进入体循环,从而促进药物的吸收。本发明制剂在治疗急性疼痛领域具有较好的应用前景,不仅可以解决临床上频繁给药的问题,而且还能够缓解阿片类药物滥用的问题;进一步的说:
(1)增大塞来昔布在体内的溶出速率,提高其生物利用度。
(2)通过湿法介质研磨法制备塞来昔布纳米混悬液,此法工艺简单,易于工厂大规模生产。
(3)制备过程中不使用有机溶剂,不会有有机溶剂残留问题,提高制剂的安全性。
(4)制剂不使用离子型表面活性剂为稳定剂,不会引起溶血以及血红蛋白的变化,造成贫血症。
(5)制剂以D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)为稳定剂,该稳定剂是可以提高难溶性药物的溶解度并促进药物的吸收,并且由于其在体内可生物降解,比一般的空间型稳定剂更加安全。因此,本制剂具有较高的安全性,可以用于肌肉注射、皮下注射。
(6)通过加入小分子助悬剂,提高制剂的稳定性、促进药物进入体循环,降低高分子辅料在体内蓄积产生炎症过敏反应等风险。
(7)通过肌肉注射给药实现长达10天的镇痛效果,克服了口服制剂在胃肠道代谢快,不能长期在体内缓慢释放,无法保持平稳的血药浓度问题。
(8)主要用于治疗术后急性疼痛,改善临床上阿片类药物滥用问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的塞来昔布纳米混悬液(TPGS+glycerol-NS)的透射电镜图像。
图2为本发明实施例提供的原料药、物理混合物、塞来昔布纳米混悬液(TPGS+glycerol-NS)的体外溶出图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的塞来昔布纳米混悬液(TPGS+glycerol-NS)、塞来昔布粗混悬在大鼠体内血药浓度-时间曲线图(n=5)。
图4为本发明实施例提供的塞来昔布纳米混悬液(TPGS+glycerol-NS)、阳性对照、阴性对照的大鼠机械痛阈结果。(TPGS+glycerol-NS与阴性对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001;TPGS-NS与阴性对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001)
具体实施方式:
下面将通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
本发明纳米混悬液中添加小分子助悬剂,并通过湿法介质研磨法制备获得,将其通过肌肉注射、皮下注射达到持久的镇痛效果,减少给药频率,显著提高治疗依从性;在提高塞来昔布的溶出度及生物利用度的同时实现长达240h的药物释放,并对术后疼痛具有显著的镇痛效果,进而塞来昔布纳米混悬液可以用于治疗急性疼痛,改善临床上频繁给药和阿片类药物滥用问题。
实施例1:塞来昔布纳米混悬液小分子助悬剂种类以及小分子助悬剂与稳定剂比例的的筛选
首先,制备不同小分子助悬剂与稳定剂比例为1:1、5:1、10:1、20:1、50:1(w/w)的不同水分散溶液。其中,小分子助悬剂为聚乙二醇300(PEG 300)、聚乙二醇400(PEG 400)、聚乙二醇600(PEG 600)、甘油(glycerol)、甘露醇(mannitol)、山梨醇(sorbitol)、蔗糖(sucrose)、葡萄糖(glucose)。稳定剂为D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)。将塞来昔布分散于上述水分散溶液中至塞来昔布的终浓度为10%(w/v),通过磁力搅拌使塞来昔布均匀分散,形成粗混悬液。
然后,将粗混悬液转移至100mL球磨罐中,同时加入35g二氧化锆球磨珠(0.4-0.6mm),为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨5min,停止3min,总研磨时间为6h,得到纳米混悬液。测定各处方的粒径分布及跨度(Span值),结果如表1所示。
结果表明,助悬剂的种类以及助悬剂与稳定剂的比例对塞来昔布纳米混悬液的粒径分布有很大影响。最终确定助悬剂为甘油且与稳定剂的比例为5:1(w/w)时,粒径较小且分布较为均匀。其余助悬剂制备的塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径较大且分布不均匀。
表1小分子助悬剂种类及小分子助悬剂与稳定剂比例对塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径分布的影响
(-表示研磨时,混悬液较粘稠,未进行测量)
实施例2塞来昔布纳米混悬液其他空间型稳定剂种类以及用量的筛选
首先,制备不同空间型稳定剂与小分子助悬剂比例为1:1、1:5、1:10、1:20、1:50(w/w)的不同水分散溶液。其中空间型稳定剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K12(PVP K12)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K15(PVP K15)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K17(PVP K17)、15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯(HS15)、吐温20(Tween20)、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯35醚(Cremophor EL-35)、泊洛沙姆188(Poloxamer188),小分子助悬剂为甘油。将塞来昔布分散于上述水分散溶液中至塞来昔布的终浓度为10%(w/v),通过磁力搅拌使塞来昔布均匀分散,形成粗混悬液。
然后,将其转移至100mL球磨罐中,同时加入35g二氧化锆球磨珠(0.4-0.6mm),为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨5min,停止3min,总研磨时间为6h,得到纳米混悬液。测定各处方的粒径分布及跨度(Span值),结果如表2所示。
结果表明,稳定剂的种类及用量对塞来昔布纳米混悬液的粒径分布有很大影响。稳定剂为PVP K17,与助悬剂比例为1:5(w/w)时,效果较好,制备塞来昔布纳米混悬液的D10、D50、D90分别为0.276、0.647、1.800μm,Span值为2.356。而以TPGS为稳定剂且与助悬剂比例为1:5(w/w)时,制备塞来昔布纳米混悬液的D10、D50、D90分别为0.284、0.628、1.587μm,Span值为2.075,与其他空间型稳定剂相比具有更好的稳定效果。
表2空间型稳定剂种类以及用量对塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径分布的影响
(-表示研磨时,混悬液较粘稠,未进行测量)
实施例3塞来昔布纳米混悬液药物浓度的筛选
首先,制备含有稳定剂与助悬剂1:5(w/w)的水分散溶液,其中稳定剂为D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS),小分子助悬剂为甘油,将原药塞来昔布分别倒入上述水分散溶液,达到不同终浓度5%、10%、15%(w/v),通过磁力搅拌使其均匀分散于水分散溶液中,即得粗混悬液。
将粗混悬液倒入100mL球磨罐中,同时加入35g二氧化锆球磨珠(0.4-0.6mm),为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨5min,停止3min,总研磨时间为6h,得到纳米混悬液。结果如表3所示。
结果表明,药物浓度对塞来昔布纳米混悬液的粒径分布有很大影响。一般来说,随着药物浓度增加,研磨介质与药物之间的碰撞几率增加,使研磨效果越来越好。然而,药物浓度并不是越高越好,药物浓度过高时,会导致药物粒子之间的空间变小,使药物颗粒融合在一起反而使粒子变大。最终确定质量体积浓度为10%的塞来昔布所制得的塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径小,且分布均匀。
表3药物浓度对塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径分布的影响
实施例4塞来昔布纳米混悬液制备工艺的筛选
根据上述实施例1-3获得最优条件后,通过不同研磨时间利用湿法介质研磨法制备塞来昔布纳米混悬液,研究研磨时间对粒径的影响。结果如表4所示。结果表明,随着研磨时间的延长,颗粒粒径逐渐减小,最后基本趋于稳定。最终确定研磨时间为6h所制得的塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径小且分布均匀。
表4研磨时间对塞来昔布纳米混悬液粒径分布的影响
实施例5塞来昔布纳米混悬液
塞来昔布纳米混悬液的制备方法为:首先,制备含有稳定剂与助悬剂1:5(w/w)的水分散溶液,其中稳定剂为D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS),助悬剂为甘油,然后,将塞来昔布(10%,w/v)倒入水分散溶液中,通过磁力搅拌使其均匀分散,即得粗混悬液。将粗混悬液倒入100mL球磨罐中,同时加入35g二氧化锆球磨珠(0.4-0.6mm),为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨5min,停止3min,总研磨时间为6h,得到塞来昔布纳米混悬液TPGS+glycerol-NS,测得其D10、D50、D90分别为0.284、0.628、1.587μm,Span值为2.075。
采用透射电子显微镜法(TEM)对所制备的塞来昔布纳米混悬液形态进行观察,结果如图1所示,结果表明,塞来昔布纳米晶的形态是棒状。
同时,按照上述方法制备不含甘油的塞来昔布纳米混悬液(TPGS-NS):首先,制备含有2.5%(w/v)稳定剂的水分散溶液,其中稳定剂为D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS),然后,将10%(w/v)塞来昔布倒入水分散溶液中,通过磁力搅拌使其均匀分散,即得粗混悬液。将粗混悬液倒入100mL球磨罐中,同时加入35g二氧化锆球磨珠(0.4-0.6mm),为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨5min,停止3min,总研磨时间为6h,即得TPGS-NS。
实施例6溶出度实验方法
根据《中国药典》(2020版)第四部通则第二法(桨法)。取塞来昔布原料药、物理混合物(实施例5记载的塞来昔布粗混悬)和TPGS+glycerol-NS(相当于塞来昔布100mg)置于溶出杯中,转速为50r·min-1,温度为(37±0.5)℃,以900mL含0.2%的SDS磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)为溶出介质。经5min、10min、15min、20min、30min、45min、60min取溶出液5mL,并补充相同体积的溶出介质,取样后用0.22μm滤膜过滤,续滤液用溶出介质稀释后用分光光度法(测量波长为254nm)测定吸光度,计算累积释放量,结果如图2所示。塞来昔布原料药在60min时溶出度为55.8%,而塞来昔布纳米混悬液的溶出度达到了90%以上,这表明所制备的塞来昔布纳米混悬液的溶出度显著提高。
实施例7生物利用度实验
将10只SD大鼠随机分成2组,每组5只,分别在右侧大腿肱二头肌垂直肌内注射给予TPGS+glycerol-NS和实施例5记载的塞来昔布粗混悬液,给药量按50mg/kg计算,肌肉注射后分别在0.083h、0.25h、0.5h、1h、1.5h、2h、4h、6h、8h、12h、24h、36h、48h、72h于大鼠眼内眦静脉丛取血,取血量为0.5mL。将血浆样品置于预肝素化离心管中,13000rpm/min离心10min,取血浆置-20℃保存备用。血浆通过用沉淀蛋白的方法处理后,样品用高效液相色谱检测血药浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线(图3)。结果表明,塞来昔布纳米混悬液注射后能够保持较高的血药浓度至240h,并且CXB-NSs的AUC(0-240h)(207.97±18.32)显著高于塞来昔布粗混悬液(p<0.05)。
实施例8大鼠切口痛实验
将20只SD大鼠随机分成4组:假手术组、疼痛模型组、疼痛模型+TPGS-NS组、疼痛模型+TPGS+glycerol-NS组;其中,疼痛模型+TPGS-NS组、疼痛模型+TPGS+glycerol-NS组即为给药组,给药组按50mg/kg的给药剂量通过肌肉注射给药,将混悬液用氯化钠稀释成20mg/mL,给药体积大约为0.5mL。
大鼠术后切口疼痛模型制备:常规麻醉后,对大鼠左后爪进行常规消毒。然后,在足底近端0.5cm处向大鼠趾部纵向切开约1cm长的皮肤,暴露肌肉,并用镊子将肌肉纵行分离开,注意需保持肌肉的起止和附着的完整,用纱布按压止血,然后用4-0细线缝合皮肤共两针即成切口疼痛模型。
机械缩足阈值的测定:在安静的恒温恒湿的环境中,将大鼠置于金属网格笼子中,适应30min后,使用von Frey纤维丝(力度依次为2.0g、4.0g、6.0g、8.0g、10.0g、15.0g和26.0g)垂直刺激大鼠左后足底切口附近0.5mm区域。如果大鼠的后爪出现快速缩足、逃避或舔足等行为反应时即为阳性反应,否则为阴性反应。每个刺激力度反复刺激5次,每次测定间隔1min,将出现3次以上阳性反应的最小刺激力度记为机械缩足阈值。
考察在大鼠造模前1d,给药后2h、4h、8h、1d、3d和5d测机械痛阈值。所有测定均在安静且恒温恒湿的环境下操作。测定结果如图4所示,结果表明,塞来昔布纳米混悬液的对于术后急性疼痛具有持久的镇痛效果。
Claims (8)
1.一种塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液,其特征在于:塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液为采用湿法介质研磨法将塞来昔布、空间稳定剂、小分子助悬剂和水混合,即得;塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液按质量体积比计,塞来昔布的质量体积浓度为1%-30%、空间型稳定剂的质量体积浓度为1%-5%、小分子助悬剂的质量体积浓度为1%-20%,余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液,其特征在于:所述稳定剂为D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS);所述小分子助悬剂选自:聚乙二醇300(PEG300)、聚乙二醇400(PEG400)、聚乙二醇600(PEG600)、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液,其特征在于:所述纳米混悬液中塞来昔布原料的粒径为50-600nm。
4.一种权利要求1所述的塞来昔布纳米混悬液的制备方法,其特征在于:采用湿法介质研磨法将塞来昔布、空间稳定剂、小分子助悬剂和水混合,即得;塞来昔布长效纳米混悬液按质量体积比计,塞来昔布的质量体积浓度为1%-30%、空间型稳定剂的质量体积浓度为1%-5%、小分子助悬剂的质量体积浓度为1%-20%,余量为水。
5.根据权利要求4所述的塞来昔布纳米混悬液的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤如下:
(1)将空间型稳定剂、小分子助悬剂溶于去离子水中,得到溶液A;
(2)将塞来昔布原料药缓慢倒入溶液A中,通过磁力搅拌使塞来昔布均匀分散在溶液A中,得到粗混悬液B;
(3)将粗混悬液B倒入含有二氧化锆球磨珠的研磨罐中;
(4)将研磨罐放入行星式球磨机中研磨,研磨后,得到塞来昔布纳米混悬液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)二氧化锆研磨珠与粗混悬液的比为1-5(w/v),研磨珠的直径为0.1-0.6mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)行星式球磨机的功率为25-35Hz,为了防止研磨过程中温度升高,每研磨1-15min,停止1-10min,总研磨时间为2-10h。
8.根据权利要求1-7所述的塞来昔布纳米混悬液的应用,其特征在于,权利要求1所述塞来昔布纳米混悬液在作为持久的镇痛中的应用。
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