CN114907775A - 一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料及其制备方法和应用。本发明中以具有低表面能的氟单体甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、含有硅元素的单体γ‑(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、可提高成膜性的丙烯酸丁酯及具有活性基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯进行自由基共聚以获得结合各个单体优异特征性能的低表面能改性氟硅无规共聚物,再通过KH570上的双键将改性后的纳米二氧化硅稳固接枝到上述低表面能改性氟硅无规共聚物中,以进一步降低表其面能,提高防污效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域,尤其涉及一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
伴随国家海洋资源开发战略的推行和远洋航运行业的高速发展,对海上施工设备、远洋船舶的防腐防污能力提出了新的要求和挑战。传统防污涂料采用杀虫剂、重金属盐类防污剂等方法处理海洋生物污损,但大都存在海洋生态环境的破坏、防污性能不稳定、长效防污能力差、成本高等一系列的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,现提供纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料及其制备方法,以针对性解决现有低表面能涂料疏水性能差、附着力弱等问题。
具体技术方案如下:
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料的制备方法,具有这样的特征,包括如下步骤:
1)将二氧化硅溶胶加入到十二烷基硫酸钠的乙醇溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,用盐酸将混合液pH值调到9.6,随后加入过量的硅烷偶联剂KH570,搅拌混合24h后回流反应2h,离心、洗涤干净后烘干,制得改性纳米二氧化硅;
2)称量FMA、GMA、BA、KH570及引发剂,溶解混合均匀,在氮气气氛下将混合物料于2h内匀速滴加至反应溶剂中,保温反应2.5h,降温出料,制得一种无色透明溶液;
3)将步骤1)制得的改性纳米二氧化硅超声分散于步骤2)得到的无色透明溶液中,随后边搅拌边加入流平剂、成膜助剂,分散20min,加热并保温搅拌30min,制得一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料。
上述的制备方法,还具有这样的特征,步骤1)中二氧化硅溶胶的固含量为30%。
上述的制备方法,还具有这样的特征,步骤1)中乙醇及十二烷基硫酸钠的质量比为1:1,回流反应温度为80-90℃。
上述的制备方法,还具有这样的特征,步骤2)中FMA、GMA及BA的质量比为3:2:8。
上述的制备方法,还具有这样的特征,步骤2)中保温反应温度为80-90℃。
上述的制备方法,还具有这样的特征,步骤2)中引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),以单体质量和计引发剂添加量为0.5-1.0wt%。
上述的制备方法,还具有这样的特征,步骤3)中以单体质量和计改性纳米二氧化硅的添加量为0.3-0.6wt%。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料,具有这样的特征,由上述制备方法制备获得。
本发明的第三个方面是提供上纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料的应用,具有这样的特征,包括:将上述复合防污涂料涂覆于海上施工设备、远洋船舶的表面。
本发明中以具有低表面能的氟单体甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(FMA)、含有硅元素的单体γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)、可提高成膜性的丙烯酸丁酯(BA)及具有活性基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)进行自由基共聚以获得结合各个单体优异特征性能的低表面能改性氟硅无规共聚物,再通过KH570上的双键将改性后的纳米二氧化硅(纳米二氧化硅的引入使得涂膜具有较好的抗菌性,但纳米粉体表面的羟基为强亲水性,需对其进行表面修饰改性,以免涂膜的耐水性能受到影响,因而本发明中用十二烷基硫酸钠及KH570对二氧化硅进行改性处理)稳固接枝到上述低表面能改性氟硅无规共聚物中,以进一步降低表其面能,提高防污效果。本发明中复合防污涂料的制备原理如下:
本发明中有机硅的引入,即成膜过程中Si-O-Si键的引入,使得涂膜的分子致密性和弹性模量提高,增强了其耐水性;有机氟的引入则是利用C-F键极性强且向树脂涂膜表面迁移的特点,大幅降低涂膜的表面能。
上述方案的有益效果是:
本发明提供的复合涂料不仅能使海洋生物难以附着在涂膜表面造成污损,且易在水流的冲刷作用下脱附,同时对一些微生物、细菌等具有较强的抑制能力,整体性能优异且环保无毒,适用于海洋环境。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料,其制备包括如下步骤:
1)将固含量为30%的二氧化硅溶胶加入到含有150mg十二烷基硫酸钠及150mL乙醇的500mL烧杯中,搅拌混合均匀,用1mol/L盐酸将混合液pH值调到9.6,随后加入过量的硅烷偶联剂KH570,室温下搅拌混合24h,再将物料转入500mL三颈瓶中,于80℃水浴温度下回流反应2h,离心、洗涤去除未反应的硅烷偶联剂后烘干,制得改性纳米二氧化硅;
2)在装有回流冷凝管、恒压滴液漏斗、温度计和N2入口的四口烧瓶中放入磁力转子,置于80℃的恒温水浴中,开通氮气,加入31.0545gMIBK(甲基异丁基酮),启动磁力搅拌;称量4.5gFMA、3.0gKH570、11.7gBA、11.7gGMA及0.1545gAIBN,溶解混合均匀后注入恒压滴液漏斗中,将恒压滴液漏斗内物料于2h内匀速滴加至四口烧瓶,继续保温2.5h后降温出料,得到固含量为50%的无色透明溶液;
3)将0.136g改性纳米二氧化硅超声分散于步骤2)制得的无色透明溶液中,再加入0.0776g420流平剂、2.329g成膜助剂,分散混合均匀,制得一种纳米二氧化硅改性丙烯酸酯复合涂料。
实施例2
一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料,其制备包括如下步骤:
1)将固含量为30%的二氧化硅溶胶加入到含有150mg十二烷基硫酸钠及150mL乙醇的500mL烧杯中,搅拌混合均匀,用1mol/L盐酸将混合液pH值调到9.6,随后加入过量的硅烷偶联剂KH570,室温下搅拌混合24h,再将物料转入500mL三颈瓶中,于80℃水浴温度下回流反应2h,离心、洗涤去除未反应的硅烷偶联剂后烘干,制得改性纳米二氧化硅;
2)在装有回流冷凝管、恒压滴液漏斗、温度计和N2入口的四口烧瓶中放入磁力转子,置于80℃的恒温水浴中,开通氮气,加入45.3447gMIBK,启动磁力搅拌;称量4.5gFMA、3.0gKH570、11.7gBA、11.7gGMA及0.4747gAIBN,溶解混合均匀后注入恒压滴液漏斗中,将恒压滴液漏斗内物料于2h内匀速滴加至四口烧瓶,继续保温2.5h后降温出料,得到固含量为50%的无色透明溶液;
3)将0.181g改性纳米二氧化硅超声分散于步骤2)制得的无色透明溶液中,再加入0.0776g420流平剂、2.329g成膜助剂,分散混合均匀,制得一种纳米二氧化硅改性丙烯酸酯复合涂料。
对比例1
本对比例中参照实施例1中步骤2)取BA及GMA作为聚合单体制得一种防污涂料,即为对比例1。
对比例2
本对比例中以实施例1中步骤2)方法制得一种防污涂料,即为对比例2。
本发明及对比例中涂料性能如下表所示:
防污性能测定:
众所周知,海洋生物污损的过程是:细菌吸附在水体结构表面并在上面生长、繁殖,随后形成一层微生物粘膜,这层微生物粘膜非常有利于海洋生物幼虫和大型附着生物的进一步附着与生长,从而形成生物污损,因此,防止或减少细菌对涂层的附着是防污的关键步骤。
本发明中用接种环取少量活化后的大肠杆菌,加入到培养液中,制得一定浓度的菌悬液,再分别取灭菌平皿,分别以适量的菌悬液浸没对比例及实施例涂料固化薄膜后将培养皿在37±1℃、相对湿度RH>90%条件下培养24h,取出薄膜,用灭菌棉签擦拭多余的菌悬液后用洗脱液反复冲洗薄膜,将薄膜上的菌尽可能的全部冲入准备好的灭菌平皿中,充分摇匀后用液体培养基进行稀释,之后取一定量接种于固体培养基中,在37±1℃下培养24~48h后即可观察培养基表面的细菌生长状况。其中空白对照样品为直径为90mm的灭菌平皿的内平板,实验样品为对比例和实施例提供涂料的固化薄膜。
按GB4789.2《食品卫生微生物学检验菌落总数测定的方法》计算表面的菌落数,抑菌率计算公式为:
R(%)=(A-B)/A×100%
式中,R为抑菌率(%);A为空白对照样品培养24h后的菌落数(cfu/片);B为实验样品培养24h后的菌落数(cfu/片)。
测试表明,对比例涂料的抑菌率最高达到75%,而本发明实施例涂料抑菌率达到89%,这主要是实施例中涂料表面能低、极性小,细菌难以附着,即使附着在水流的冲刷作用下也容易脱附,特别是加入改性纳米二氧化硅之后涂料表面能进一步降低,细菌也更难以附着,从而起到防污的效果。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的实施方式及保护范围,对于本领域技术人员而言,应当能够意识到凡运用本发明说明书内容所作出的等同替换和显而易见的变化所得到的方案,均应当包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将二氧化硅溶胶加入到十二烷基硫酸钠的乙醇溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,用盐酸将混合液pH值调到9.6,随后加入过量的硅烷偶联剂KH570,搅拌混合24h后回流反应2h,离心、洗涤干净后烘干,制得改性纳米二氧化硅;
2)称量FMA、GMA、BA、KH570及引发剂,溶解混合均匀,在氮气气氛下将混合物料于2h内匀速滴加至反应溶剂中,保温反应2.5h,降温出料,制得一种无色透明溶液;
3)将步骤1)制得的改性纳米二氧化硅超声分散于步骤2)制得的无色透明溶液中,随后边搅拌边加入流平剂、成膜助剂,分散20min,加热并保温搅拌30min,制得一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中二氧化硅溶胶的固含量为30%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中乙醇及十二烷基硫酸钠的质量比为1:1,回流反应温度为80-90℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中FMA、GMA及BA的质量比为3:2:8。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中保温反应温度为80-90℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中引发剂为AIBN,以单体质量和计引发剂添加量为0.5-1.0wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中以单体质量和计改性纳米二氧化硅的添加量为0.3-0.6wt%。
8.一种纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料,其特征在于,由权利要求1-7任一项所述制备方法制备获得。
9.权利要求8所述纳米二氧化硅/氟硅改性丙烯酸酯复合防污涂料的应用,其特征在于,包括:将上述复合防污涂料涂覆于海上施工设备、远洋船舶的表面。
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