CN114907717B - 一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114907717B
CN114907717B CN202210608127.6A CN202210608127A CN114907717B CN 114907717 B CN114907717 B CN 114907717B CN 202210608127 A CN202210608127 A CN 202210608127A CN 114907717 B CN114907717 B CN 114907717B
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石洋
施天章
杨涵舟
葛省波
彭万喜
樊威
刘雨辰
李雪仪
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1：配制丝胶溶液，细度范围在144～400目；S2：将多巴胺改性的碳基材料浸泡、震荡、冲洗后，浸泡在醋酸银溶液中，高温高压震荡后过滤，得到含银碳基材料；S3：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌静置后，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶颗粒，即渗透微球，水洗过滤，液态留存；S4：将碳基含银丝胶颗粒浸入聚碳酸酯溶液中，搅拌静置后水洗过滤，得到低粘性丝胶微球；S5：将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，本发明通过低粘度渗透微球，使得杀菌防水剂在渗透微球的带动下向物质内部孔隙蔓延，扩大其影响范围。

Description

一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防水剂领域，尤其涉及一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
疏水性即对水的排斥性，有疏水性的表面表现出不能被水润湿，或不能被完全润湿，即产生所谓的“荷叶效应”。宏观测定可发现水滴在材料表面的接触角增大，接触角越大，界面越疏水。防水剂又叫憎水剂，是一类能在涂层表面或基材表面聚集，产生降低表面张力和减小亲水性效果的化合物。防水剂有两种作用方式：添加到涂料中，使固化后的涂膜具有良好的防水性并保持一定的透气性；渗透到多孔材料(无机建材、木材等)中，使材料产生憎水性，同时保持微孔的透气性。
当下的防水剂大多为高粘性材料，适合涂抹在表面进行覆盖式的防水，然而其防水效果并不是绝对的防水，对于一些内部细微孔隙较多的材料，例如未做表面处理的木材或水泥材料，其内外连通的孔隙较多，防水剂在外部防水，却对其内部的残留水分排出有负面影响，还容易导致细菌滋生。
如在专利文件CN109287658A中提供了一种载银抗菌剂，通过多巴胺的吸附性能，以及银离子的毒性使病原微生物蛋白质结构破坏，从而起到杀菌作用，然而由于多巴胺对其他物质的吸附性，其更加难以对内部孔隙进行渗透，依旧只能够在物质表面作用。
当下需要一种能够能够对物质表面以及内部都起到杀菌疏水作用的材料。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种抗菌防水剂及其制备方法，包括：其特征在于：包括加入防水剂的渗透微球，包裹在所述渗透微球表面的的聚碳酸酯，以及嵌入所述渗透微球内的纳米银颗粒，所述渗透微球采用多巴胺改性的碳基材料，所述碳基材料加入有丝胶。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌防水剂的制备方法，其特征在于：S1：配制丝胶溶液，细度范围在144～400目；S2：先将纳米银溶液倒入碳基材料的缓冲液中，高温高压震荡6h~8h后，得到含银碳基材料；S3：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌静置后，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶微球，即渗透微球，水洗过滤；S4：将过滤后产物浸入聚碳酸酯溶液中，搅拌静置后水洗过滤，得到低粘性丝胶微球；S5：将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，得到所需的抗菌防水剂。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，步骤S2中，碳基材料需先放入高温高压环境中进行震荡后，再添入缓冲液中。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，步骤S2中所述缓冲液为柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，碳基材料，丝胶材料与防水剂的加入质量比为2∶1∶8。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述纳米银溶液为醋酸银溶液。
本发明一个较佳实施例中，步骤S5中所述分散剂为聚乙二醇。
本发明解决了背景技术中存在的缺陷，本发明具备以下有益效果：
本发明通过在渗透颗粒表面镀上聚碳酸酯，通过其低粘度性质，能够使得防水剂在渗透微球的带动下向物质内部孔隙蔓延，扩大其影响范围，此外，通过丝胶与碳基材料以及纳米银颗粒的混合微球，在孔隙内部蔓延完全后固化，从而使得丝胶膨胀将碳基材料撑开，膨胀发生在小范围内，仅填充微球之间间距，不会对物质内部结构产生影响，一方面碳基材料能够对物质内部结构进行紧密的连接，另一方面也能够饱和式的释放纳米银颗粒，从而起到全面的杀菌效果。
实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种抗菌防水剂，包括加入防水剂的渗透微球，包裹在渗透微球表面的的聚碳酸酯，以及嵌入渗透微球内的纳米银颗粒，渗透微球采用多巴胺改性的碳基材料，碳基材料加入有丝胶。其制备方法包括以下步骤：S1：配制丝胶溶液，细度范围在144～400目；S2：先将纳米银溶液倒入碳基材料的缓冲液中，高温高压震荡6h~8h后，得到含银碳基材料；S3：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌静置后，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶微球，即渗透微球，水洗过滤；S4：将过滤后产物浸入聚碳酸酯溶液中，搅拌静置后水洗过滤，得到低粘性丝胶微球；S5：将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，得到所需的抗菌防水剂。
制备实施例一
步骤A，将生丝放入氢氧化钠溶液脱胶，离心分离生丝后浓缩纯化，得到丝胶溶液，采用300目过滤器过滤；
步骤B，筛选250目多巴胺改性的碳基材料置于去离子水中浸泡，通过超声悬浮震荡，并冲洗去除表面浮尘和杂质，在烘箱中50℃下放置8h，再放入10Mpa环境中8h；将碳基材料浸泡在浓度为0.1mol/L的醋酸银溶液100℃，10Mpa下水浴震荡5h后过滤，得到含银杀菌碳基材料；
步骤C：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌完全后静置2h，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒，即渗透微球，水洗过滤并在缓冲液中液态留存；其中碳基材料，丝胶材料与防水剂的加入质量比为1∶1∶4。
步骤D，通过界面缩聚法制备聚碳酸酯，少量混溶于四氯化碳与水，需要说明的是，此步骤下无需加热，避免四氯化碳挥发，将碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒置入聚碳酸酯溶液中静置5h，冲洗过滤后，碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒表面镀有低粘性层；
步骤E，将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，得到所需的抗菌防水剂。
本实施例与常规防水剂通过圆管流动状态测试，结合密度以及粘性系数如表一所示：
密度（20℃条件） 粘性强度 临界雷诺数
常规脂肪酸防水剂 1.18 1.5Mpa 约2100
本实施例 1.2 1.1Mpa 约2600
表一
本实施例能够将原防水剂的层流状态变为紊流状态，防水剂内的微球使得在流动过程中，惯性力起主导作用，粘结力的制约作用减弱，从而证明本实施例更高效的进入深层细微孔隙，减少了液体粘结力的作用。
实施例二
步骤A，将生丝放入氢氧化钠溶液脱胶，离心分离生丝后浓缩纯化，得到丝胶溶液，采用300目过滤器过滤；
步骤B，筛选250目多巴胺改性的碳基材料置于去离子水中浸泡，通过超声悬浮震荡，并冲洗去除表面浮尘和杂质，在烘箱中50℃下放置8h，再放入10Mpa环境中8h；将碳基材料浸泡在浓度为0.15mol/L的硝酸银溶液100℃，10Mpa下水浴震荡5h后过滤，得到含银杀菌碳基材料；
步骤C：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌完全后静置2h，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒，即渗透微球，水洗过滤并在缓冲液中液态留存；其中碳基材料，丝胶材料与防水剂的加入质量比为1∶1∶4。
步骤D，通过界面缩聚法制备聚碳酸酯，少量混溶于四氯化碳与水，需要说明的是，此步骤下无需加热，避免四氯化碳挥发，将碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒置入聚碳酸酯溶液中静置5h，冲洗过滤后，碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒表面镀有低粘性层；
步骤E，将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，得到所需的抗菌防水剂。
本实施例与实施例一的纳米银溶液浓度以及基质不同，进行对比获取能够在相同成本下提供更多银离子的方案，实验过程以未加纳米银颗粒碳基材料的疏水剂为对比。经抗菌性能对比：未加纳米银颗粒碳基材料的疏水剂，对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、粪链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率为26 .663％；而加入纳米银颗粒碳基材料的疏水剂，其对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、粪链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率达到99％ 以上，其抗菌效果明显提高。如表二所示：
载银量 杀菌率
实施例一 约8 ％ 99％ 以上
实施例二 约8 .5％ 99％ 以上
常规防水剂 0
表二
实施例三
步骤A，将生丝放入氢氧化钠溶液脱胶，离心分离生丝后浓缩纯化，得到丝胶溶液，采用300目过滤器过滤；
步骤B，筛选250目多巴胺改性的碳基材料置于去离子水中浸泡，通过超声悬浮震荡，并冲洗去除表面浮尘和杂质，在烘箱中50℃下放置8h，再放入10Mpa环境中8h；将碳基材料浸泡在浓度为0.1mol/L的硝酸银溶液100℃，10Mpa下水浴震荡5h后过滤，得到含银杀菌碳基材料；
步骤C：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌完全后静置2h，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒，即渗透微球，水洗过滤并在缓冲液中液态留存，其中碳基材料，丝胶材料与防水剂的加入质量比为2∶1∶8。
步骤D，通过界面缩聚法制备聚碳酸酯，少量混溶于四氯化碳与水，需要说明的是，此步骤下无需加热，避免四氯化碳挥发，将碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒置入聚碳酸酯溶液中静置5h，冲洗过滤后，碳基含银丝胶固体颗粒表面镀有低粘性层；
步骤E，将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，得到所需的抗菌防水剂。
本实施例在丝胶溶液的析出浓度上进行调节，以期针对不同覆盖物做出针对性的膨胀比例，如表三所示：
丝胶含量mg/ml 膨胀系数/℃
实施例一 0.14 0.00018
实施例三 0.23 0.00018
常规防水剂 0 0.00002
表三
以上依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定技术性范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种抗菌防水剂，其特征在于：包括加入防水剂的渗透微球，包裹在所述渗透微球表面的聚碳酸酯，以及嵌入所述渗透微球内的纳米银颗粒，所述渗透微球采用多巴胺改性的碳基材料，所述碳基材料加入有丝胶；
调节丝胶溶液的析出浓度，以做出针对性的防水剂膨胀比例。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌防水剂的制备方法，其特征在于：
S1：配制丝胶溶液，细度范围在144～400目；
S2：将多巴胺改性的碳基材料浸泡、震荡、冲洗后，浸泡在醋酸银溶液中，高温高压震荡后过滤，得到含银碳基材料；
S3：将含银碳基材料置入丝胶溶液，搅拌静置后，再加入防水剂升温混匀，升温后溶液内析出碳基含银丝胶颗粒，即渗透微球，水洗过滤，液态留存；
S4：将碳基含银丝胶颗粒浸入聚碳酸酯溶液中，搅拌静置后水洗过滤，得到低粘性丝胶微球；
S5：将低粘性丝胶微球加入到分散剂溶液中并搅拌，将所得产物进行水洗过滤并液态保存，得到所需的抗菌防水剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌防水剂的制备方法，其特征在于：碳基材料，丝胶材料与防水剂的加入质量比为2∶1∶8-1∶1∶4。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌防水剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S5中所述分散剂为聚乙二醇。
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