CN1149018C - 一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1149018C
CN1149018C CNB001092308A CN00109230A CN1149018C CN 1149018 C CN1149018 C CN 1149018C CN B001092308 A CNB001092308 A CN B001092308A CN 00109230 A CN00109230 A CN 00109230A CN 1149018 C CN1149018 C CN 1149018C
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Abstract

本发明为改进了的从山楂核直接提取山楂核汁液技术，采用炉内直接加热山楂核使其产生汽烟，将汽烟导入胆管然后冷凝，产出山楂核汁液，再经沉淀分离，静置比重分离，得到产品。本发明增加了入炉前将山楂核原料长时间浸泡的工艺，发明设备主要由炉体、胆管、导出管及冷凝器构成，用本发明方法和设备干馏的山楂汁液产出率高。本发明方法及设备易实施，可实现工业化批量生产，设备结构及安装均较简单，干馏工艺操作易行。

Description

一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备
本发明属于果核加工技术领域，尤其涉及山楂核加工技术。
山楂是一种人们喜爱的酸味水果，我国北方许多省份均有种植，它可以做成各种食品，以满足不同口味之需要，但其果核——山楂核却大多未被利用，有的作为燃料烧掉，十分可惜。
现代科技方法已经证实，从山楂核中提取的汁液有人们预想不到的抗菌、杀菌及消毒的功效，而且已广泛应用于医药卫生、食品加工及环保各领域，例如以山楂核液为原料制成的体外皮肤杀菌剂，对皮肤粘膜无刺激，并且无任何毒副作用，用山楂核液制成蚊香，有很好的杀蚊效果，并且于人体无任何不良作用，随着科学技术不断发展，它的用途领域也会逐渐拓宽。
但目前干馏山楂核技术方法，产出率受到一定限制，如何利用合理的提取工艺，尽量简化的生产设备提高其产出率，是目前生产领域部门普遍关心的问题，这也正是本发明所要解决的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种改进了的提取山楂核汁液的方法及设备，以便在同样的能耗下获取更高的产出率。
本发明是通过以下技术方案完成的，经过反复试验证明，山楂核在洗净入炉前，必须经过长时间水浸泡，一般约为12-14小时，而且沥水后即入炉(勿使山楂核干燥)，因此本发明方法步骤包括：
①洗净山楂核，去掉其中杂质(前面山楂加工中留下来的除核以外杂质)；
②自然凉干；
③入炉前用水浸泡；
④沥水后即入炉；
⑤两段加温，提取干馏液。
⑥两段加温干馏液混合沉淀；
⑦分离水状物；
⑧静置比重分离；
⑨虹吸分离。
以上③、④两步时间上必须连续，不可延隔。
根据上述方法步骤设计了本发明设备，它主要由炉体、胆管、导出管、冷凝管、冷凝器构成，胆管与导出管连接进而再与冷凝管连接形成山楂核汁液产出通路，即成品山楂汁液最后从冷凝管流出。
胆管为一管壁多孔的一端封闭式园管。
胆管置于炉中心，其周围则为原料山楂核包围，当然也可并行设置数路胆管，分别与数个导出管及数个冷凝管连接形成数条产出通路。
本发明有益效果：
①本发明工艺方法的山楂核汁液产出率高。
②产品用途广，可衍生产品包括：祛疣液、脚股癣液、烫伤药、褥疮药、妇女洗液、口洁液、杀菌剂、杀菌卫生香、植物型农药、食品添加剂、HIV×AIDS药、食用菌生长素、肝炎药、战地急救包(外用)。
③本发明工艺方法易于实施，适于山楂产区乡镇建厂投产。
④本发明设备，结构简单，易于制造，成本低廉。
附图说明：
图1为本发明设备示意图
图2为本发明方法流程图
以下接合附图说明实施例：
图1所示，其中1为热源(可用煤火也可用天燃气或电热)，2为炉体，3为胆管，4为导出管，5为冷凝管，6为冷凝器，7为山楂核原料入口，8为山楂核废料出口，9为温度计，10为温度表，11为山楂核汁液出口，12为冷凝水进口，13为冷凝水出口。
炉体应选碳钢，材质厚度在10-20mm，胆管上的透汽孔尺寸应小于山楂核(可选2-3mm)以免其周围的山楂核料进入胆管，设一条胆管时胆管位于炉体中心，本实施例炉体高1.8米，直径1米，胆管直径10厘米，进料口直径20厘米，出料口直径25厘米，冷凝器高80厘米，直径30厘米，冷凝管初始直径10厘米，后渐细，冷凝管可盘旋10几卷后伸出冷凝器外。
进出料口、胆管与导出管连接处，导出管与冷凝管连接处均采用法兰型连接，并夹以石棉垫密封，上述实施例干馏炉，每炉可处理约350公斤山楂核。
以下叙述动态操作过程，参见图2。
将山楂核洗净，并去掉杂质(在山楂加工时，剩下来的果肉，枝叶等)，凉干后备用。正式入炉前须浸泡12-14小时，主要为使其膨胀，核中吸纳水分，达到提高产出率之目的，同时也有进一步去土和去杂质的作用，浸泡后山楂核放入漏孔容器，自然沥掉水分，约1小时后装入炉中，入料高度约为炉体内2/3，即上部留有1/3空间。将炉封闭，然后即可点火升温，火源可用煤(炉外加垒炉灶)煤气、天燃气，或电热均可，以能达到预期温度为目的，升温速度采用逐渐为宜，且采取两段加温：当温度升至105℃时恒温/小时，此后在115、135、155、175、195℃各恒温1小时，以收取山楂核液；第二段当温度升至305℃时恒温/小时，此后325、345、365℃各恒温1小时再继续收取山楂核液。将两温度段山楂核液混合沉淀36小时，分离出上层水状物，然后于容器中静置48小时，采用物质比重分离法在常温或低于常温、常压下使产品分为两层，虹吸出上层棕红色透明液即为本发明产品。
有关本发明设备，由于高温和山楂的酸性腐蚀作用，胆管每三炉要拆下清洗，炉体也宜1个月后更换(耐温耐蚀材质可延长)。

Claims (4)

1、一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法，其特征在于按照如下流程进行：
①洗净山楂核，去掉杂质；
②自然晾干；
③入炉前用水浸泡，时间约在12-14小时；
④沥水后即入炉；
⑤两段加温，提取干馏液：第一段当温度升至105℃时恒温1小时，此后在115、135、155、175、195℃各恒温1小时，以干馏山楂核；第二段当温度升至305℃时恒温1小时，此后325、345、365℃各恒温1小时以继续高温下干馏；
⑥两段加温干馏液混合沉淀；
⑦分离水状物；
⑧静置比重分离；
⑨虹吸分离。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法，其特征在于升温最高不超过380℃。
3、一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的设备，主要由炉体、胆管、导出管、冷凝管、冷凝器组成，其特征在于胆管与导出管连结，导出管与冷凝管连接形成胆管、导出管及冷凝管通路以使成品山楂核汁液直接流出。
4、如权利要求3所述的一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的设备，其特征在于也可设置两条或两条以上的胆管、导出管及冷凝管通路，即炉体内可同时插入两根或两根以上胆管，形成多路平行引出汁液通路。
CNB001092308A 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1149018C (zh)

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CNB001092308A CN1149018C (zh) 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备
AU2001272318A AU2001272318A1 (en) 2000-06-16 2001-06-15 The process of extracting from haw-pit by dry distillation and its device
PCT/CN2001/000971 WO2001097864A1 (fr) 2000-06-16 2001-06-15 Procede d'extraction de noyaux de cenelles par distillation seche et dispositif associe
EP01951334A EP1295603A4 (en) 2000-06-16 2001-06-15 METHOD FOR EXTRACTING CELLULAR CORES BY DRY DISTILLATION AND DEVICE THEREOF
JP2002503347A JP3967265B2 (ja) 2000-06-16 2001-06-15 乾留による山査子核からの抽出方法及びその装置
US10/311,461 US6821394B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2001-06-15 Process of extracting from haw-pit by dry distillation and its device

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CN106866224A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-20 山东森科尔生物药业有限公司 植物提取物、含植物提取物的植物肥料及其应用
CN107619673B (zh) * 2017-11-01 2024-01-30 承德本多宝生物科技有限公司 山楂核熏蒸汽化提取系统及提取方法
CN107674759A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2018-02-09 承德本多宝生物科技有限公司 一种植物药液提取与活性炭生产加工设备及工艺
CN110923056A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2020-03-27 北京多宝德健康科技产业发展有限公司 一种干馏山楂核提取液方法及装置
CN115968915A (zh) * 2022-12-21 2023-04-18 山西巴盾环境保护技术研究所 一种全新无色低刺激性山楂核精改进制备工艺及应用

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JP2003535914A (ja) 2003-12-02
JP3967265B2 (ja) 2007-08-29
EP1295603A4 (en) 2009-05-27
US6821394B2 (en) 2004-11-23
US20030159914A1 (en) 2003-08-28
CN1275346A (zh) 2000-12-06
AU2001272318A1 (en) 2002-01-02
EP1295603A1 (en) 2003-03-26

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