CN114899404A - 一种锂电池用防开裂剂 - Google Patents
一种锂电池用防开裂剂 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940058020 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种锂电池用防开裂剂,防开裂剂具有式1所示的结构通式。本发明公开的锂电池用防开裂剂,电阻率低,可用于正极、负极的极片制备,能够避免极片干燥过程中出现裂痕,提升锂离子电池性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂电池用化学添加剂及其应用,具体涉及到一种锂电池用防开裂剂。
背景技术
当前锂电池产业蓬勃发展,为了更好的提升电池能量密度,开发人员不断发展厚极片技术。所谓的厚极片技术是指提高极片的涂布量和涂布速度,既有利于提高电池的能量密度,同时能提高效率,节省成本。
然而目前不管是在正极极片还是负极极片,提高涂布速度都容易导致极片干燥过程中开裂,特别是正极材料中,由于粘结剂柔韧性不佳,开裂情况更为严重。目前有一些公司已经着手解决这些问题,如专利CN201710398358.8公开了一种粘结剂及二次电池,该粘结剂为共轭二烯、烯基芳香基团、烯基酯基或酰氧基团和极性极性基团的共聚物,该粘结剂能够防止极片开裂,但是采用新的粘结剂在锂电池行业需要验证所有的性能,电池厂开发周期较长,难以匹配现有的粘结剂电池制备工艺,且该粘结剂从结果上看,水溶性不佳,在负极极片中难以推广使用。专利CN202110582758.0通过使用改性纤维素醚、二甘醇、NMP和2-氨基-2-甲基-1丙醇为添加剂减少正极极片开裂,这些添加剂可以直接用于现有的电池粘结剂体系,但是添加剂导离子和导电子的能力较差,添加后会增加电池的阻抗,导致电池能量和使用寿命的下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而提供的一种锂电池用防开裂剂,该防开裂剂能够解决电池极片的开裂问题,且电阻率低,不影响电池的能量和使用寿命,效果良好。
实现本发明目的的具体技术方案是:
一种锂电池用防开裂剂,它具有式1所示的结构通式:
其中R1为-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-SO3Na或-CN;R2为H或-COOM;R3为H或甲基;R4为H、M、-CH2CH2COOM或的至少一种;R5为 M为Li、Na、K或铵基;n为1-12的任意整数;m为1至120的任意整数;x为1%~20%的摩尔分数;y为1%~85%的摩尔分数;z为1%~60%的摩尔分数;x+y+z=100%。
所述的锂电池用防开裂剂,式1所示的结构通式中R1为-SO3Na,R2和R3为H,R4为H、M、-CH2CH2COOM和的至少一种;R5为M为Li、Na、K或铵基;n为1-12的任意整数;x为1%~20%的摩尔分数;y为1%~85%的摩尔分数;z为1%~60%的摩尔分数;x+y+z=100%。
所述的锂电池用防开裂剂,式1所示的结构通式中,R1为-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-SO3Na或-CN;R2和R3为H;R4为-CH2CH2COOM、H或M;R5为M为Li、Na、K或铵基;m为1至120的任意整数;x为1%~20%的摩尔分数;y为1%~85%的摩尔分数;z为1%~60%的摩尔分数;x+y+z=100%。
所述的锂电池用防开裂剂,式1所示的结构通式中R1为-COOH、-SO3Na或-CN;R2和R3为H;R4为R5为n为1-12的任意整数;x为1%~20%的摩尔分数;y为1%~85%的摩尔分数;z为1%~60%的摩尔分数;x+y+z=100%。
所述的锂电池用防开裂剂,式1所示的结构通式中R1为-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-SO3Na或-CN;R2和R3为H;R4为H、M、-CH2CH2COOM和的至少一种;R5为-CH2CH2CH2CH2OH;x为1%~15%的摩尔分数;y为40%-80%的摩尔分数;z为5%-25%的摩尔分数;x+y+z=100%。
所述的锂电池用防开裂剂,它通过凝胶渗透色谱仪测试的重均分子量为1万至40万。
本发明的锂电池用防开裂剂,分子结构中含有导电的苯环结构,苯环上的R1基团能够提供孤对电子,使聚合物的导电性增加,电阻大幅下降。防开裂剂中含有羧基或羟基基团,羧基在聚合物结构中能更好的传递锂离子,既可以使聚合物具有一定的粘结力同时还可以作为大分子交联基团形成交联网络。聚合物上的羟基基团,能够和CMC、水形成氢键范德华力,改善CMC的柔性,减缓水分挥发速度。此外,本发明公开的防开裂剂可以对浆料体系进行增稠,从而减少增稠剂的使用量。本发明公开的防开裂剂,可以用于正极极片也可以用于负极极片,在极片中使用不改变现有电池的粘结体系,可以直接添加使用,对电池厂的适配性好。本发明的锂电池用防开裂剂能够解决电池极片的开裂问题,且电阻率低,不影响电池的能量和使用寿命,效果良好。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但不对本发明造成任何限制。
实施例
各实施例制备的防开裂剂结构如下:
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
A-6
将实施例A-1至A-6和空白(不加防开裂剂)加入到水性负极极片浆料制备过程中,其中空白组为:活性物质石墨、CMC、SP、SBR,实施例中添加活性物质0.2%质量的实施例防开裂剂,按照相同制浆方法,防开裂剂在加入SBR前加入,制备好的浆料涂布在极片上,150℃烘干20min即可得到负极极片。记录浆料粘度,测试极片的电阻和涂布后极片开裂情况,结果如下:
从结果上看,各实施例极片电阻和空白相比增加较少,电阻率低,防开裂效果显著。
Claims (6)
6.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池用防开裂剂,其特征在于,它通过凝胶渗透色谱仪测试的重均分子量为1万至40万。
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015122498A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-20 | 東ソー株式会社 | 親水性重合体、その製造方法、バインダー、及び電極 |
CN109937500A (zh) * | 2017-02-03 | 2019-06-25 | 富士胶片和光纯药株式会社 | 锂电池电极用粘结剂组合物和使用了该粘结剂组合物的电极 |
CN113773435A (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 恒大新能源技术(深圳)有限公司 | 贻贝仿生聚合物、硅碳负极粘结剂、硅碳负极材料及应用 |
CN114388795A (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-22 | 广州理文科技有限公司 | 锂离子电池硅碳负极粘结剂及其制备方法 |
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015122498A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-20 | 東ソー株式会社 | 親水性重合体、その製造方法、バインダー、及び電極 |
CN109937500A (zh) * | 2017-02-03 | 2019-06-25 | 富士胶片和光纯药株式会社 | 锂电池电极用粘结剂组合物和使用了该粘结剂组合物的电极 |
CN113773435A (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 恒大新能源技术(深圳)有限公司 | 贻贝仿生聚合物、硅碳负极粘结剂、硅碳负极材料及应用 |
CN114388795A (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-22 | 广州理文科技有限公司 | 锂离子电池硅碳负极粘结剂及其制备方法 |
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