CN114890849A - Glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of special fertilizers for crops, and comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of organic matters, 5-10% of microbial agents, 1-2% of ammonium sulfate, 5-10% of monoammonium phosphate, 30-40% of potassium sulfate, 5-10% of potassium nitrate, 1-2% of chelated calcium, 1-2% of magnesium sulfate and 1-2% of chelated titanium, wherein the microbial agents are bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1: 1. The glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer provided by the invention can meet the nutritional requirements of crop growth on the premise of ensuring the functions of all components of the fertilizer, can improve soil organic matters and root system environment, can promote the glucose increase and color change of fruits without using a plant regulator, and improves the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special fertilizers for crops, in particular to a glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the Chinese grape industry develops rapidly, the grape variety structure is further optimized, and the variety is more abundant. The cultivation area of the fresh food varieties such as Kyoho, red earth, rose fragrance and the like accounts for more than 70 percent of the total area of grape cultivation; the varieties such as giant roses, morning black treasures, Zuijinxiang and the like and the excellent single line of the Vitis davidii develop quickly; the Chinese medicinal composition has the advantages of strong resistance, good taste, high quality and further increased proportion of the Chinese medicinal composition in summer black seedless, sunlight rose and other giant-peak varieties, and seedless varieties such as flame seedless, Kerrien and the like. Particularly, the area of the sunshine rose is rapidly increased, the planting area in the whole country in 2020 reaches 70 ten thousand mu, and in order to obtain high yield and high efficiency of the grapes, a farmer applies a large amount of chemical fertilizer, so that soil barrier factors are generated to seriously deteriorate the soil texture, and the fruit quality is gradually reduced while pursuing the yield.
At present, most growers fertilize according to habitual, do not perform precise fertilization on grape crop characteristics and nutrient requirements in a targeted manner, do not consider the influence on the crop quality and the industrial harm on soil, and mainly show that: 1. the application of a large amount of inorganic high-potassium compound fertilizers or water soluble fertilizers in the later expansion and color conversion period easily causes soil hardening and root nutrient absorption obstacle, thereby causing phenomena of slow and difficult sugar increase and coloring and the like 2, and the use of plant regulator products in the near-mature period accelerates ripening, and easily causes the loss of taste and flavor of agricultural products.
With the development of technology, the composite microbial fertilizer gradually enters the visual field of people due to the advantages of the composite microbial fertilizer compared with the traditional fertilizer, for example, CN106278580A discloses a water-soluble composite microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the water-soluble composite microbial fertilizer comprises two strains of bacillus mucilaginosus NK-BM (Bacillus mucilaginosus) and bacillus subtilis NK-BS (Bacillus subtilis), and is prepared by adopting glucose as an auxiliary material and granulating, the effective viable count ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus NK-BM (Bacillus mucilaginosus) to the bacillus subtilis NK-BS (Bacillus subtilis) is 1: 0.5-2, and the effective viable count ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.5-2The number of the particles is 1 to 5 x 10 8 cfu/g, after the fertilizer is used, the soil fertility can be increased, the yield of crops can be increased, the disease resistance of the crops can be improved, the soil property can be improved, the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, but the nutrient requirement of grapes cannot be met, and the fertilizer has the effect of increasing the sugar and changing the color of the grapes. CN104447117A discloses a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which is reasonably matched according to the nutrient requirements of grapes to improve the physical and chemical properties and the granular structure of soil, but the preparation method is simple mixing granulation, and the inorganic part easily causes environmental stress on microorganisms to influence the functions of the microorganisms. Therefore, the compound microbial fertilizer which is scientific, special and aims at meeting the nutrient requirement of the grapes in the later growth and development stage, improves the root system environment, is mild and pollution-free, is green and naturally promotes the quality and is very necessary for grape crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problems that the existing fertilizer cannot meet the nutrient requirement of grapes and is mild and pollution-free and free of soil damage.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of organic matters, 5-10% of microbial agents, 1-2% of ammonium sulfate, 5-10% of monoammonium phosphate, 30-40% of potassium sulfate, 5-10% of potassium nitrate, 1-2% of chelated calcium, 1-2% of magnesium sulfate and 1-2% of chelated titanium, wherein the microbial agents are bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the organic matter is prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria to the following raw materials in percentage by mass for fermentation: 30% of vinasse, 10% of bran, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of corncobs and 40% of water.
Preferably, the preservation number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is CGMCC1.3714, and the preservation number of the trichoderma harzianum is CGMCC 3.17877.
The preparation method of the glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an inorganic part: sending the mixed acid slurry of diluted phosphoric acid and potassium bisulfate into a neutralization tank, carrying out pre-neutralization reaction with liquid ammonia to generate pre-neutralized slurry containing potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, fully reacting the pre-neutralized slurry with the liquid ammonia through a tubular reactor again to form fine slurry with the pH value of 4, pumping the fine slurry into a secondary mixing tank containing potassium nitrate, chelated calcium, magnesium sulfate and chelated titanium, stirring and mixing uniformly, pumping into a granulating integrated machine for coating into balls, pumping the slurry into a granulator for coating, growing crystal nuclei into balls, drying by a dryer and sieving to form inorganic part finished products;
step two, preparing an organic part: mixing the microbial agent and the obtained organic matters in proportion to obtain a mixture;
step three, enveloping: and respectively metering the organic part, the superfine calcium carbonate and the water-based coating agent, adding the organic part, the superfine calcium carbonate and the water-based coating agent into a coating machine, carrying out bacterial-fertilizer integrated coating treatment on the inorganic fertilizer part, then drying, metering and packaging to obtain the glucose-increasing color-changing composite microbial fertilizer.
Further, the preparation process of the organic matter comprises the following steps: weighing 30 parts by mass of vinasse, 10 parts by mass of bran, 10 parts by mass of soybean meal and 10 parts by mass of corncobs according to a formula, drying and crushing to obtain mixed powder with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm, mixing lactic acid bacteria and yeast mixed bacteria liquid and normal saline according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, uniformly spraying the mixture on the mixed powder to ensure that the water content of the material reaches more than 40%, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a stirring device, closing a fermentation tank to ferment the mixture for 7-10 days in an environment with the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and finally drying the mixture to the moisture content of less than 30% by using rotary drum drying equipment at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain the organic matter.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer provided by the invention can meet the nutritional requirements of crop growth on the premise of ensuring the functions of all components of the fertilizer, can improve soil organic matters and root system environment, can promote the glucose increase and color change of fruits without using a plant regulator, and improves the quality;
2. the glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer disclosed by the invention adopts an organic + inorganic + microbial mode, adopts a granulation mode of coating an inorganic part and covering an organic part, can meet the nutritional requirements of grape crops under the condition of ensuring that the functions of all components are not damaged, is green and harmless, promotes glucose increase and color change, and does not damage the taste and flavor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further specifically illustrated by the following examples for better understanding, but the present invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto, and certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 35 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 1 percent of chelated calcium, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium.
The microbial agent is the conventional strains of bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum, the preservation number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is CGMCC1.3714, the preservation number of the trichoderma harzianum is CGMCC3.17877, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the trichoderma harzianum are purchased from the China general microbiological culture preservation management center and are added into the formula according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing organic matters: weighing 30% of vinasse, 10% of bran, 10% of bean pulp and 10% of corncobs according to a formula, drying and crushing to obtain a material 1 with the particle size of 0.25mm, mixing a lactic acid bacteria and yeast mixed bacterial liquid and normal saline according to a mass ratio of 1: 5, uniformly spraying the mixture on the material 1 to ensure that the water content of the mixture reaches more than 40%, uniformly mixing the mixture through a stirring device, closing a fermentation tank to ferment the mixture for 8 days in an environment with the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and finally drying the mixture to the moisture content of less than 30% through rotary drum drying equipment at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain organic matters;
(2) preparing a microbial agent: respectively adding bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum into the obtained organic matters according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly mixing, wherein the effective viable count is as follows: not less than 0.2 hundred million/gram;
(3) preparing an inorganic fertilizer: according to the production process of the gunite compound fertilizer, dilute phosphoric acid from phosphate and conversion post potassium hydrogen sulfate (containing sulfuric acid) mixed acid slurry enter a neutralization tank to be subjected to pre-neutralization reaction with liquid ammonia to generate pre-neutralized slurry (potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate), the pre-neutralized slurry is fully reacted with the liquid ammonia through a tubular reactor again to form fine-adjusted slurry (PH is 4), the fine-adjusted slurry is injected into a secondary mixing tank containing potassium nitrate, chelated calcium, magnesium sulfate and chelated titanium, the fine-adjusted slurry is injected into a granulation all-in-one machine to be coated into balls after being uniformly stirred, the slurry is injected into a granulator to be coated, crystal nuclei grow into the balls, and the inorganic part finished product is formed after being dried by a dryer and screened.
Coating inorganic fertilizer: and respectively metering the compound microbial fertilizer, the superfine calcium carbonate and the water-soluble coating agent, adding the metered compound microbial fertilizer, the superfine calcium carbonate and the water-soluble coating agent into a coating machine, and controlling the temperature to be 55 ℃ to perform bacterial fertilizer spraying coating treatment on the granulated fertilizer from the granulation process. Then drying at 60 deg.C and 3-5r/min by a rotary drum drying device.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 35 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 1 percent of chelated calcium, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium.
The organic matter preparation, inorganic fertilizer preparation and coating process were the same as in example 1.
Preparing a microbial agent: respectively adding bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum into the obtained organic matters according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and uniformly mixing, wherein the effective viable count is as follows: not less than 0.2 hundred million/gram;
example 3
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 35 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 1 percent of chelated calcium, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium.
The organic matter preparation, inorganic fertilizer preparation and coating process were the same as in example 1.
Preparing a microbial agent: respectively adding bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum into the obtained organic matters according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and uniformly mixing, wherein the effective viable count is as follows: not less than 0.2 hundred million/gram;
example 4
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 40 percent of microbial agent, 5 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 1 percent of chelated calcium, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium.
Wherein, the microbial agent is prepared in the same way as in example 1 and the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 35 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 1 percent of chelated calcium, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium (same as the example 1).
Wherein the microbial agent is single bacillus mucilaginosus with the preservation number of CGMCC1.3714 as in the embodiment 1, and the preparation process is the same as the embodiment 1.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 35 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 1 percent of chelated calcium, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium (same as the example 1).
Wherein the microbial agent is the same as the Trichoderma harzianum strain in example 1 with the preservation number of CGMCC3.17877, and the preparation process is the same as example 1.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 36 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated titanium.
Wherein, the microbial agent is prepared in the same way as in example 1 and the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 37 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated calcium.
Wherein, the microbial agent is prepared in the same way as in example 1 and the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic matter: 36 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 1 percent of chelated calcium.
Wherein, the microbial agent is prepared in the same way as in example 1 and the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
Example 10
The embodiment provides a compound microbial fertilizer special for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: organic fertilizer: 35 percent of microbial agent, 10 percent of ammonium sulfate, 10 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 35 percent of potassium sulfate, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 2 percent of magnesium sulfate, 1 percent of chelated calcium and 1 percent of chelated titanium.
Wherein, the microbial agent is prepared in the same way as in example 1 and the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The organic fertilizer is a common plant source organic fertilizer sold in the market, and the indexes are that the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the N + P2O5+ K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent
The special compound microbial fertilizer for grapes prepared in the previous embodiment is used for testing, the testing place is a grape testing place of a institute of agricultural technology and technology in the city of Michelia championii in Sichuan province, 110 grape trees with fruit bearing consistent growth vigor are selected for experimental treatment in 7 months and 6 months in 2019, 10 grape trees are selected for topdressing in each treatment, the topdressing amount is 2.5 jin each, and the grape trees are applied by digging a shallow trench at a position 50 meters away from a trunk. Treatment 1 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 1, treatment 2 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 2, treatment 3 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 3, treatment 4 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 4, treatment 5 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 5, treatment 6 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 6, treatment 7 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 7, treatment 8 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 8, treatment 9 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 9, treatment 10 was the compound microbial fertilizer of example 10, and treatment 11 was a compound fertilizer of 15-5-30, a formulation commonly used by farmers.
Measuring the indexes of each treated plant 30 days after fertilization, including root surface area, sugar degree and color conversion area in unit volume;
the unit root surface area is collected at a position 30 cm around a trunk by using a cube container with the side length of 5cm, the root system at a position 10 cm below surface soil is subjected to data collection by using a root system scanner, the sugar degree is measured by collecting fruit grains at the tail end of each cluster, and the color conversion rate is evaluated according to the color conversion ratio of naked eyes, and the result is shown in the table I.
Table one index for sugar degree, color conversion rate and root surface area
| Serial number | Treatment of | Sugar degree | Color conversion ratio | Root surface area (cm) 2 /125cm 3 ) |
| 1 | Process 1 | 14.5 | 41％ | 22.6888 |
| 2 | Treatment 2 | 14.2 | 40％ | 22.4692 |
| 3 | Treatment 3 | 14.3 | 41％ | 21.4978 |
| 4 | Treatment 4 | 14.1 | 39％ | 22.3266 |
| 5 | Treatment 5 | 14.1 | 39％ | 19.2154 |
| 6 | Treatment 6 | 13.9 | 38％ | 19.7963 |
| 7 | Treatment 7 | 14.1 | 39％ | 22.9913 |
| 8 | Treatment 8 | 13.9 | 39％ | 21.4332 |
| 9 | Process 9 | 14.1 | 37％ | 21.7328 |
| 10 | Process 10 | 14.2 | 38％ | 21.1395 |
| 11 | Process 11 | 13.4 | 32％ | 15.9258 |
According to the comprehensive analysis of the data results in the table I, compared with the application of the common compound fertilizer, the application of the compound microbial fertilizer to the fruits near the mature period can obviously improve the sugar degree of the fruits, promote color change and promote root growth, and the best performance is shown in the example 1, the sugar degree is comprehensively improved by 1.1, the color change rate is increased by 9 percent, and the root surface area is increased by 6.763cm 2 /125cm 3 。
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The glucose-increasing color-changing composite microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of organic matters, 5-10% of microbial agents, 1-2% of ammonium sulfate, 5-10% of monoammonium phosphate, 30-40% of potassium sulfate, 5-10% of potassium nitrate, 1-2% of chelated calcium, 1-2% of magnesium sulfate and 1-2% of chelated titanium, wherein the microbial agents are bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
2. The glucose-increasing color-changing composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter is prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria to the following raw materials in percentage by mass for fermentation: 30% of vinasse, 10% of bran, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of corncobs and 40% of water.
3. The glucose-increasing color-changing composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is CGMCC1.3714, and the preservation number of the trichoderma harzianum is CGMCC 3.17877.
4. The method for preparing the glucose-increasing color-changing compound microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an inorganic part: sending the mixed acid slurry of diluted phosphoric acid and potassium bisulfate into a neutralization tank, carrying out pre-neutralization reaction with liquid ammonia to generate pre-neutralized slurry containing potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, fully reacting the pre-neutralized slurry with the liquid ammonia through a tubular reactor again to form fine slurry with the pH value of 4, pumping the fine slurry into a secondary mixing tank containing potassium nitrate, chelated calcium, magnesium sulfate and chelated titanium, stirring and mixing uniformly, pumping into a granulating integrated machine for coating into balls, pumping the slurry into a granulator for coating, growing crystal nuclei into balls, drying by a dryer and sieving to form inorganic part finished products;
step two, preparing an organic part: mixing the microbial agent and the obtained organic matters in proportion to obtain a mixture;
step three, enveloping: and respectively metering the organic part, the superfine calcium carbonate and the water-based coating agent, adding the organic part, the superfine calcium carbonate and the water-based coating agent into a coating machine, carrying out bacterial-fertilizer integrated coating treatment on the inorganic fertilizer part, then drying, metering and packaging to obtain the glucose-increasing color-changing composite microbial fertilizer.
5. The preparation method of the glucose-increasing color-changing composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation process of the organic matter is as follows: weighing 30 parts by mass of vinasse, 10 parts by mass of bran, 10 parts by mass of soybean meal and 10 parts by mass of corncobs according to a formula, drying and crushing to obtain mixed powder with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm, mixing lactic acid bacteria and yeast mixed bacteria liquid with normal saline according to a ratio of 1: 5, uniformly spraying the mixture on the mixed powder to enable the water content of the material to reach more than 40%, uniformly mixing the mixture through a stirring device, closing a fermentation tank to ferment for 7-10 days in an environment with the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and finally drying the mixture to reach the moisture content of less than 30% through a rotary drum drying device at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain the organic matter.
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