CN114885773A - Method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to field - Google Patents
Method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885773A CN114885773A CN202210580136.9A CN202210580136A CN114885773A CN 114885773 A CN114885773 A CN 114885773A CN 202210580136 A CN202210580136 A CN 202210580136A CN 114885773 A CN114885773 A CN 114885773A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to the field, which relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprises the following steps: harvesting corn straws, crushing a part of the corn straws to obtain corn straw particles, and airing the rest part of the corn straws for later use; mixing the crushed corn straw particles with a microbial fertilizer and carrying out mature rotting to obtain a mature rotting base fertilizer; carrying out first soil preparation and harrowing work on the field in autumn; paving the cooked rotten base fertilizer on the surface of the field, and performing second land preparation and harrowing work on the field; paving a layer of soil on the surface of the field, and performing first compacting operation on the field; sowing wheat; in early spring, the aired corn straws are placed on a field to be burnt, and the smoking and temperature rising work is completed; performing secondary compacting and compacting operation on the field before the wheat seed sprouts break the ground; after the corn straw particles and the microbial fertilizer are ripened and rotted, the residual of worm eggs is avoided, the wheat is conveniently planted through twice compacting and pressing work, and the yield of the wheat is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to fields.
Background
Winter wheat is generally bounded by great wall in China, north is generally spring wheat, south is winter wheat, China mainly takes winter wheat, corn straws are important byproducts in the corn planting process, various straws generated in agricultural production in China are 7 hundred million tons each year, and the corn straws are about 3.5 hundred million tons. The straw returning is a production increasing measure generally regarded in the world at present, and has the functions of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield while avoiding atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning. The straw returning can increase soil organic matters, improve soil structure, loosen soil, increase porosity, reduce capacity and promote microbial activity and crop root development.
The conventional method for returning the straws to the field usually comprises the steps of smashing the corn straws to fall to the ground by a straw returning machine, the mode cannot realize quick decomposition and degradation of the corn straws, insect eggs, bacteria and other plant diseases and insect pests in the straws cannot be killed in the direct smashing process of the straws, the insect pests and the insect pests are left in soil after returning to the field, the plant diseases and the insect pests are aggravated, and the straw coverage can inhibit the germination, emergence and seedling growth of crop seeds, so that the yield of winter wheat is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to the field, which avoids the direct returning of the crushed straws to the field and increases the yield of the winter wheat.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose: a method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to fields comprises the following steps:
harvesting corn straws, crushing 60-80% of the corn straws to obtain corn straw particles, and airing the remaining 20-40% of the corn straws for later use;
step two, mixing the crushed corn straw particles with a microbial fertilizer prepared in advance and carrying out mature rotting to obtain a mature rotting base fertilizer;
step three, carrying out first soil preparation and harrowing work on the field in autumn;
laying a layer of cooked rotten base fertilizer on the surface of the field, and performing second land preparation and harrowing work on the field;
fifthly, paving a layer of soil on the surface of the field, and finishing the first compacting operation on the field;
step six, sowing the wheat in winter;
seventhly, placing the remaining 20-40% of the corn straws on a field for burning in early spring to finish the smoking and temperature rising work;
and step eight, performing secondary compacting operation on the field before the wheat seed sprouts break the soil in early spring.
Preferably, the length of the corn stalk grains in the step one is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the raw materials of the microbial fertilizer in the second step comprise azotobacter, mushroom waste mushroom dregs and bran.
Preferably, the ratio of the corn straw particles to the microbial fertilizer in the second step is 5: 1.
preferably, the thickness of the decomposed base fertilizer layer laid in the fourth step is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the sowing depth of the wheat in the sixth step is 2.5cm-4.5 cm.
Preferably, the first compacting operation in the fifth step is performed by using a compacting machine with a pressure of 350-.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the crushed corn straw particles are mixed with a microbial fertilizer prepared in advance and are subjected to mature rot, the raw materials of the microbial fertilizer comprise azotobacteria agent, mushroom waste mushroom residues and bran, the mushroom residues and the bran are both waste materials for recycling, the treatment mode is simple, the low-cost environmental protection effect is achieved, the corn straw particles and the microbial fertilizer are uniformly stirred and fully mixed, the mature rot base fertilizer is obtained after fermentation, and insect eggs are prevented from remaining in soil after the corn straws are directly returned to the field, so that the pest and disease damage is aggravated;
2. the maize straw after will sunning is arranged in the field and is burned during early spring, accomplish the work of smoking and raising the temperature, the work of raising the temperature can prevent the wheat seed of cold injury of falling spring, and then improve the germination percentage of wheat seed, the wheat seed sprouts in soil and when not breaking the soil and going out, carry out suppression compaction work for the second time to the field, the stem leaf that compacted soil can make winter wheat receives some damage, no longer vertical growth is horizontal tillering, the seedling number of plant has not only been increased from this, the absorption capacity of root to the nutrient has more been increased, thereby improve wheat output.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to fields comprises the following steps:
harvesting corn straws, crushing 80% of the corn straws to obtain corn straw particles, wherein the length of the corn straw particles is about 2cm, airing the remaining 20% of the corn straws for later use, and the aired corn straws need to be dampproof to avoid mildew;
step two, mixing the crushed corn straw particles with a microbial fertilizer prepared in advance and carrying out ripeness, wherein the raw materials of the microbial fertilizer comprise a nitrogen-fixing bacterium agent, mushroom waste bacterium residues and bran, the bacterium residues and the bran are both waste materials for recycling, the treatment mode is simple, the environment-friendly effect with low cost is achieved, the corn straw particles and the microbial fertilizer are uniformly stirred and fully mixed, and the ripeness base fertilizer is obtained after fermentation;
step three, carrying out first land preparation and harrowing work on the field in autumn, wherein the stubble in the field can be further cleaned by the land preparation work so as to fertilize the field;
step four, uniformly paving a layer of mature rotten base fertilizer on the surface of the field, wherein the thickness of the mature rotten base fertilizer is 5cm, and performing second land preparation and harrowing work on the field, wherein the second land preparation work can fully mix the mature rotten base fertilizer with the soil on the surface of the field;
step five, paving a layer of soil on the surface of the field, completing first compacting work on the field, wherein the first compacting work is operated by adopting a compacting machine with the pressure of 350-;
step six, sowing the wheat by using a rotary tillage fertilizing and sowing machine in winter, wherein the sowing depth of the wheat is 4.5 cm;
seventhly, placing the remaining 20 percent of the corn straws on a field to burn in early spring, and finishing smoking and heating work, wherein the heating work can prevent wheat seeds from being frozen due to late spring cold, so that the germination rate of the wheat seeds is improved;
and step eight, performing secondary compacting operation on the field before the wheat seed sprouts break the soil in early spring, wherein the secondary compacting operation is performed by adopting a compacting machine with the pressure of 600-700N/cm2, and when the wheat seeds germinate in the soil and do not break the soil, the compacted soil can cause stem leaves of winter wheat to be damaged and not grow vertically but tillered transversely, so that the seedling number of the plants is increased, the nutrient absorption amount of the roots is increased, and the wheat yield is improved.
Example 2
A method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to fields comprises the following steps:
harvesting corn straws, crushing 60% of the corn straws to obtain corn straw particles, wherein the length of the corn straw particles is about 3cm, airing the remaining 40% of the corn straws for later use, and the aired corn straws need to be dampproof to avoid mildewing;
step two, mixing the crushed corn straw particles with a microbial fertilizer prepared in advance and carrying out ripeness, wherein the raw materials of the microbial fertilizer comprise a nitrogen-fixing bacterium agent, mushroom waste bacterium residues and bran, the bacterium residues and the bran are both waste materials for recycling, the treatment mode is simple, the environment-friendly effect with low cost is achieved, the corn straw particles and the microbial fertilizer are uniformly stirred and fully mixed, and the ripeness base fertilizer is obtained after fermentation;
step three, carrying out first land preparation and harrowing work on the field in autumn, wherein the stubble in the field can be further cleaned by the land preparation work so as to fertilize the field;
step four, uniformly paving a layer of mature rotten base fertilizer on the surface of the field, wherein the thickness of the mature rotten base fertilizer is 3cm, and performing land preparation and harrowing on the field for the second time, wherein the land preparation can fully mix the mature rotten base fertilizer with the soil on the surface of the field;
step five, paving a layer of soil on the surface of the field, completing first compacting work on the field, wherein the first compacting work is operated by adopting a compacting machine with the pressure of 350-;
step six, sowing the wheat by using a rotary tillage fertilizing and sowing machine in winter, wherein the sowing depth of the wheat is 2.5 cm;
seventhly, placing the remaining 20 percent of the corn straws on a field to burn in early spring, and finishing smoking and heating work, wherein the heating work can prevent wheat seeds from being frozen due to late spring cold, so that the germination rate of the wheat seeds is improved;
and step eight, performing secondary compacting operation on the field before the wheat seed sprouts break the soil in early spring, wherein the secondary compacting operation is performed by adopting a compacting machine with the pressure of 600-700N/cm2, and when the wheat seeds germinate in the soil and do not break the soil, the compacted soil can cause stem leaves of winter wheat to be damaged and not grow vertically but tillered transversely, so that the seedling number of the plants is increased, the nutrient absorption amount of the roots is increased, and the wheat yield is improved.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and implementations of the embodiments of the present invention are explained herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention, and meanwhile, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementations and the application ranges, and in summary, the contents of the present description should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:
harvesting corn straws, crushing 60-80% of the corn straws to obtain corn straw particles, and airing the remaining 20-40% of the corn straws for later use;
step two, mixing the crushed corn straw particles with a microbial fertilizer prepared in advance and carrying out mature rotting to obtain a mature rotting base fertilizer;
step three, carrying out first soil preparation and harrowing work on the field in autumn;
laying a layer of cooked rotten base fertilizer on the surface of the field, and performing second land preparation and harrowing work on the field;
fifthly, paving a layer of soil on the surface of the field, and finishing the first compacting operation on the field;
step six, sowing the wheat in winter;
seventhly, placing the remaining 20-40% of the corn straws on a field for burning in early spring to finish the smoking and temperature rising work;
and step eight, performing secondary compacting operation on the field before the wheat seed sprouts break the soil in early spring.
2. The method for cultivating winter wheat by returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the corn straw grain in the first step is 2-3 cm.
3. The method for cultivating winter wheat by returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the raw materials of the microbial fertilizer in the second step comprise azotobacter, waste mushroom dregs and bran.
4. The method for cultivating winter wheat by returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the ratio of the corn straw particles to the microbial fertilizer is 5: 1.
5. the method for cultivating winter wheat by returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the decomposed base fertilizer layer laid in the fourth step is 3-5 cm.
6. The method for cultivating winter wheat by returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the sixth step, the sowing depth of the medium and small wheat is 2.5cm-4.5 cm.
7. The method for cultivating winter wheat by returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first compacting operation in the fifth step is performed by using a compacting machine with the pressure of 350-.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210580136.9A CN114885773A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210580136.9A CN114885773A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to field |
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| CN114885773A true CN114885773A (en) | 2022-08-12 |
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| CN202210580136.9A Pending CN114885773A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Method for cultivating winter wheat by returning corn straws to field |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003175382A (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-06-24 | Kanden El Farm:Kk | Method for utilizing waste natural wood/plant in agricultural field |
| CN101724559A (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2010-06-09 | 营口恒新生物技术开发有限公司 | Compound microbial inoculum for decomposing straw as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105191537A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-30 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Straw mulching method |
| CN105532249A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽亿源药业股份有限公司 | Bupleurum chinense plantation method |
| CN109574765A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-05 | 河北百禾丰化肥有限公司 | A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer |
| CN109644794A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | The wheat of nurturing staff cultivates cultural method under the conditions of a kind of deep ploughing |
| CN111406592A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-14 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | Winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat |
-
2022
- 2022-05-25 CN CN202210580136.9A patent/CN114885773A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003175382A (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-06-24 | Kanden El Farm:Kk | Method for utilizing waste natural wood/plant in agricultural field |
| CN101724559A (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2010-06-09 | 营口恒新生物技术开发有限公司 | Compound microbial inoculum for decomposing straw as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105191537A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-30 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Straw mulching method |
| CN105532249A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽亿源药业股份有限公司 | Bupleurum chinense plantation method |
| CN109574765A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-05 | 河北百禾丰化肥有限公司 | A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer |
| CN109644794A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | The wheat of nurturing staff cultivates cultural method under the conditions of a kind of deep ploughing |
| CN111406592A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-14 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | Winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 赵聚宝，赵琪: "《抗旱增产技术》", 中国农业出版社, pages: 50 * |
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