CN114875571B - 一种高吸水高透明无纺布及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种高吸水高透明无纺布及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN114875571B
CN114875571B CN202210634036.XA CN202210634036A CN114875571B CN 114875571 B CN114875571 B CN 114875571B CN 202210634036 A CN202210634036 A CN 202210634036A CN 114875571 B CN114875571 B CN 114875571B
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余照福
王勇
刘秋香
廖爱芬
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Guangzhou Yuran Moli Nonwoven Products Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于无纺布制品技术领域,具体涉及一种高吸水高透明无纺布及其制备方法与应用。本发明提供的高吸水高透明无纺布,在实际制备过程中,以纤维素类的纤维为原材料,先用强碱处理,处理至碱化程度达75~90%,然后分段进行醚处理,第一次于55~65℃处理至醚化度达20~25%,第二次于35~40℃处理至醚化度达60~70%,最后经酸洗,去掉多余的碱液,水洗,调节pH值至6.5~7.5,再与其他纤维混纺,经过水刺或其它无纺布加工方法制成。采用本发明方法制得的无纺布可以达到高吸水、高透明度的效果;这样的无纺布具有比普通纤维更高的吸水性和透明度,可广泛应用于面膜、湿巾、干巾、卫生巾、医疗卫材用无纺布中。

Description

一种高吸水高透明无纺布及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布制品技术领域,具体涉及一种高吸水高透明无纺布及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
无纺布又称不织布、针刺棉、针刺无纺布等,采用聚酯纤维,涤纶纤维(简称:PET)材质生产,经过针刺工艺制作而成,可做出不同的厚度、手感、硬度等。无纺布具有防潮、透气、柔韧、轻薄、阻燃、无毒无味、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。可用于不同的行业,比如隔音,隔热,电热片,口罩,服装,医用,填充材料等。其不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的,而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的,所以,当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时,就会发现,是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理,并具有工艺流程短、生产速率快,产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。
无纺布是一种非织造布,它是直接利用高聚物切片、短纤维或长丝将纤维通过气流或机械成网,然后经过水刺,针刺,或热轧加固,最后经过后整理形成的无编织的布料。具有柔软、透气和平面结构的新型纤维制品,优点是不产生纤维屑,强韧、耐用、丝般柔软,也是增强材料的一种,而且还有棉质的感觉,和棉织品相比,无纺布的袋子容易成形,而且造价便宜。
现在市面上的高吸水高透明无纺布基本上都是使用水刺无纺布进行后整理加工得到,没有对纤维原材料进行加工,只能对整块的成品水刺布进行后整理,整理后直接拿来使用。这样的技术做成的成品往往存在pH值不稳定的情况,难以准确控制成品的pH值,使得上市产品存在质量风险。
在此基础上,中国专利申请CN111270416A公开了一种高白度高吸水无纺布及其制备方法,其是由粘胶纤维、棉纤维和超细涤纶纤维经水刺工艺后得到的,最终达到吸湿好、白度高、可降解,环保性佳等特点,但是这种方法制得的无纺布无法控制pH值,且其制备过程是直接将各种纤维混合成布料,并无法通过实现对纤维的控制,来改善布料性质。
中国专利申请CN111996668A公开了一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法,其在制备过程中将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合制成纤维网,然后经针刺加工,获得无纺布,并进一步对无纺布进行热风穿透式处理所得,由此可知,上述专利申请同样是对无纺布整体进行处理使其达到高吸水的技术效果,而且其无法控制pH值的具体范围,容易出现质量风险,影响成品质量,并最终对无纺布的经济价值造成影响。
综上可知,现有技术中普遍存在对整块的成品水刺布进行处理导致成本增加,无法控制pH值,容易出现质量风险等多个缺陷。
发明内容
针对现有技术普遍存在的缺陷,本发明提供了一种高吸水高透明无纺布及其制备方法与应用。采用本发明方法制得的无纺布可以达到高吸水、高透明度的效果;这样的无纺布具有比普通纤维更高的吸水性和透明度,可广泛应用于面膜、湿巾、干巾、卫生巾、医疗卫材用无纺布中。
针对上述技术效果,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将纤维素纤维置于强碱溶液中,处理至碱化程度达75~90%,获得经碱化处理的纤维素纤维;
S2、将步骤S1所得经碱化处理的纤维素纤维置于第一醚溶液中处理,至醚化程度为20~25%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加第二醚溶液,继续处理,至醚化程度达60~70%,获得经醚化处理的纤维素纤维;
S3、用强酸溶液处理步骤S2所得的经醚化处理的纤维素纤维,中和多余的碱液,然后用水冲洗,调节pH值至6.5~7.5,获得处理好的纤维素纤维;
S4、将步骤S3所得处理好的纤维素纤维与未经处理的纤维按20~35:65~80重量比例混纺,经过水刺加工处理,即得。
优选地,步骤S1所述的纤维素纤维为竹粘胶纤维、莱赛尔纤维中的一种。
优选地,步骤S1所述的强碱溶液为质量百分数为15~20%的氢氧化钠溶液,所述处理时,温度设定为40~50℃。
优选地,步骤S2所述第一醚溶液为一氯甲烷的水溶液,浓度为150mL/L,处理温度为55~65℃,所述第二醚溶液为一氯乙酸钠,处理温度为35~40℃。
优选地,步骤S3所述的强酸溶液为质量百分数为8~10%的盐酸溶液,处理温度为30~40℃。
优选地,步骤S4所述未经处理的纤维为铜铵纤维、粘胶纤维、海藻纤维、竹纤维、棉纤维中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种所述方法制备获得的高吸水高透明无纺布。
本发明还提供了一种所述的无纺布在制备生活用品中的应用。
优选地,所述生活用品包括面膜、湿巾、干巾、卫生巾、医用敷料。
本发明直接对纤维素纤维原料进行处理,突破了现有技术只能对无纺布进行整理才能得到高吸水高透明无纺布的壁垒。在处理过程中,先进行碱化处理,使纤维膨胀,待碱化至75~90%,然后用醚化试剂处理,改变纤维的分子结构,使纤维达到高吸水、高透明度的效果。
纤维素纤维具有结晶区、非结晶区及水分子,结晶区的特点是取向良好、密度较大、分子间的结合力强、对强度的贡献大、存在原纤微晶结构等特点,而非结晶区的特点是分子排列无秩序、密度低、分子间的氢键少、对强度的贡献大、水分子易进入、形成溶胀等特点,基于上述原理,发明人通过对纤维素纤维进行碱化处理、高分子的取代反应、酸碱中和反应等对纤维素改性,获得含羧甲基及甲基的改性纤维素分子,与羟基形成部分交联,破坏纤维素的结晶区域,从而获得高透明性和保湿性。而且,发明人在进行醚化处理时,先引入甲基,醚化程度达到20~25%,在此基础上,更换醚溶液,进一步换用一氯乙酸钠引入羧甲基,醚化程度达60~70%时,其吸水性最好,透明度最佳。同时,本发明通过控制加入的强酸溶液的量控制pH的变化。
本发明提供的方法是通过处理纤维,即在无纺布的前端工艺进行处理,得到高吸水高透明度的纤维,这样在做无纺布的时候,不但可以使用一定百分比的高吸水高透明度纤维与其它普通纤维进行混纺,降低成本,还可以在制作无纺布的时候对纤维再次经过水刺的水洗,实现了成品无纺布的pH值可控调节,改善了现有技术对成品无纺布pH控制不好的缺点。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法具有如下优势:
(1)本发明直接对纤维素纤维原料进行处理,突破了现有技术只能对无纺布进行整理才能得到高吸水高透明无纺布的壁垒;
(2)本发明提供的制备方法,通过控制温度来控制醚化反应的程度,醚化程度可在60%-70%范围内进行控制,从而把控纤维的吸水性和透明度,制成的无纺布即使与其他普通纤维混纺,制成的成品具有高吸水高透明度的凝透状态的效果;
(3)采用本发明制成的无纺布成品pH值更容易控制在稳定的安全范围内,改善了现有技术对成品无纺布pH控制不好的缺点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释,但是应当注意的是,以下实施例仅用以解释本发明,而不能用来限制本发明,所有与本发明相同或相近的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。本实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域常规技术方法和仪器说明书内容进行操作;所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1 一种高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法
所述高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将竹粘胶纤维置于质量百分数为15%的氢氧化钠溶液中,于40℃下处理至碱化程度达75%,获得经碱化处理的竹粘胶纤维;
S2、将步骤S1所得经碱化处理的竹粘胶纤维置于一氯甲烷的水溶液(一氯甲烷/水为150mL/L)中,在温度设定为55℃下处理至醚化度为20%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加一氯乙酸钠水溶液(质量浓度为200g/L),降温至35℃,继续处理至醚化程度达60%,获得经醚化处理的竹粘胶纤维;
S3、用质量百分数为8%的盐酸溶液处理步骤S2所得的经醚化处理的竹粘胶纤维,中和多余的碱液,于30℃下处理20min,然后用水冲洗,调节pH值至6.5,获得处理好的竹粘胶纤维;
S4、将步骤S3所得处理好的竹粘胶纤维与海藻纤维按20:80重量比例混纺,经过水刺加工处理,即得。
实施例2 一种高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法
所述高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将莱赛尔纤维置于百分数为20%的氢氧化钠溶液中,于50℃下处理至碱化程度达90%,获得经碱化处理的莱赛尔纤维;
S2、将步骤S1所得经碱化处理的莱赛尔纤维置于一氯甲烷的水溶液(一氯甲烷/水为150mL/L)中,于65℃下处理至醚化程度为25%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加一氯乙酸钠(质量浓度为200g/L),降温至40℃,继续处理至醚化程度达70%,获得经醚化处理的莱赛尔纤维;
S3、用量百分数10%的盐酸溶液处理步骤S2所得的经醚化处理的莱赛尔纤维,于40℃下处理30min,中和多余的碱液,然后用水冲洗,调节pH值至7.5,获得处理好的莱赛尔纤维;
S4、将步骤S3所得处理好的莱赛尔纤维与未经处理的纤维按35:65重量比例混纺,经过水刺加工处理,即得;所述未经处理的纤维由铜铵纤维、粘胶纤维按重量比2:1组成。
实施例3 一种高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法
所述高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将竹粘胶纤维置于质量百分数为18%的氢氧化钠溶液中,于45℃下处理至碱化程度达83%,获得经碱化处理的竹粘胶纤维;
S2、将步骤S1所得经碱化处理的竹粘胶纤维置于一氯甲烷的水溶液中,一氯甲烷水溶液的浓度为150mL/L(一氯甲烷/水),于60℃下处理至醚化程度为23%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加一氯乙酸钠(质量浓度为200g/L),降温至37℃,继续处理至醚化程度达67%,获得经醚化处理的竹粘胶纤维;
S3、用质量百分数为9%的盐酸溶液处理步骤S2所得的经醚化处理的竹粘胶纤维,于35℃下处理25min,中和多余的碱液,然后用水冲洗,调节pH值至7.2,获得处理好的竹粘胶纤维;
S4、将步骤S3所得处理好的竹粘胶纤维与未经处理的纤维按30:70比例混纺,经过水刺加工处理,即得;所述未经处理的纤维由竹纤维、棉纤维及海藻纤维按重量比1:1:2组成。
对比例1 一种无纺布的制备方法
所述无纺布的制备方法与实施例3类似;
与实施例3的区别在于不加一氯乙酸钠处理,也就是对比例1在进行醚化时,仅用浓度为150mL/L的一氯甲烷水溶液,60℃下处理至醚化程度达67%,获得经醚化处理的竹粘胶纤维。
对比例2 一种无纺布的制备方法
所述无纺布的制备方法与实施例3类似;
与实施例3的区别在于不添加一氯甲烷的水溶液,即对比例2在进行醚化时,仅用一氯乙酸钠(浓度为200g/L),于37℃下处理至醚化程度达67%。
对比例3 一种无纺布的制备方法
所述无纺布的制备方法与实施例3类似;
与实施例3的区别在于,对比例3的醚化处理过程为置于一氯甲烷的水溶液中,一氯甲烷水溶液的浓度为150mL/L(一氯甲烷/水)中,于60℃下处理至醚化程度为10%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加一氯乙酸钠(质量浓度为200g/L),降温至37℃,继续处理至醚化程度达67%。
对比例4 一种无纺布的制备方法
所述无纺布的制备方法与实施例3类似;
与实施例3的区别在于,对比例4的醚化处理过程为置于一氯甲烷150mL/L(一氯甲烷/水)中,于60℃下处理至醚化程度为40%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加一氯乙酸钠(质量浓度为200g/L),降温至37℃,继续处理至醚化程度达80%。
试验例1 吸水性测试
1.试验样品:实施例1-3及对比例1-4所述方法制得的无纺布;
2.试验方法:分别取上述试验样品(长宽为2×2cm),于20℃、65%的相对湿度下,测其初重,然后置于足量的纯化水中浸泡5min,取出试样后垂直悬挂,至至无连续水珠滴落后,获得浸湿的试样,称量浸湿的试样重量,按以下公式计算吸水率:
吸水性=(浸湿的试样质量-干燥的试样质量)/干燥的试样质量×100%;
3.试验结果:具体试验结果如表1所示。
表1 不同试验样品的吸水性测试
由上述表1可知,本发明实施例1-3所述方法制得的无纺布吸水性极佳,最高可达14倍,而对比例1-4组,由于改变了醚化试剂,或者醚化度,结果其吸水性均有不同程度的降低,这证明了同时引入羧甲基与甲基时,吸水性高于单独引入羧甲基或甲基。
试验例2 透明度测定试验
1.试验样品:实施例1-3及对比例1-4所述方法制得的无纺布;
2.试验方法:分别取等量上述试验样品(10cm×10cm,干重重量为0.6±0.1g),置于纯化水中充分吸水膨胀,至不滴液时用可见光透光率测试仪进行测试。
3.试验结果:测试结果如表2所示。
表2 不同试验样品透明度测定结果
由上述表2可知,本发明实施例1-3组制得的无纺布,其透明度仍然高于对比例1-4组。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (6)

1.一种高吸水高透明无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将纤维素纤维置于强碱溶液中,处理至碱化程度达75~90%,获得经碱化处理的纤维素纤维;
S2、将步骤S1所得经碱化处理的纤维素纤维置于第一醚溶液中处理,至醚化程度为20~25%,然后去掉醚溶液,添加第二醚溶液,继续处理,至醚化程度达60~70%,获得经醚化处理的纤维素纤维;
S3、用强酸溶液处理步骤S2所得的经醚化处理的纤维素纤维,中和多余的碱液,然后用水冲洗,调节pH值至6.5~7.5,获得处理好的纤维素纤维;
S4、将步骤S3所得处理好的纤维素纤维与未经处理的纤维按20~35:65~80重量比例混纺,经过水刺加工处理,即得;步骤S1所述的强碱溶液为质量百分数为15~20%的氢氧化钠溶液,所述处理时,温度设定为40~50℃;步骤S2所述第一醚溶液为一氯甲烷的水溶液,浓度为150mL/L,处理温度为55~65℃,所述第二醚溶液为一氯乙酸钠,处理温度为35~40℃;步骤S3所述的强酸溶液为质量百分数为8~10%的盐酸溶液,处理温度为30~40℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1所述的纤维素纤维为竹粘胶纤维、莱赛尔纤维中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4所述未经处理的纤维为铜铵纤维、粘胶纤维、海藻纤维、竹纤维、棉纤维中的一种或几种。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述方法制备获得的高吸水高透明无纺布。
5.一种权利要求4所述的无纺布在制备生活用品中的应用。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述生活用品包括面膜、湿巾、干巾、卫生巾、医用敷料。
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