CN114874826A - 一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114874826A CN114874826A CN202210493812.9A CN202210493812A CN114874826A CN 114874826 A CN114874826 A CN 114874826A CN 202210493812 A CN202210493812 A CN 202210493812A CN 114874826 A CN114874826 A CN 114874826A
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- calcium sulfonate
- grease
- based composite
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂及其制备方法,属于润滑脂制备技术领域。该复合脂由下述重量份数的组分组成:合成基础油60‑75份;高碱值磺酸盐20‑35份;转相剂3‑6份;聚脲粉3‑8份;粘度指数改进剂1‑3份,极压抗磨剂1.5‑4份,减摩剂2‑5份,防锈剂0.5‑2份,抗氧剂0.5‑2份,胶体结构稳定剂0.5‑2份;经转相、炼制、调和等工艺制备一款高滴点长寿命低噪音的轴承润滑脂。本发明以磺酸钙基脂复合聚脲润滑脂,降低了磺酸钙基润滑脂的皂含量,显著延长了高温轴承的使用寿命,降低磨损与设备故障,从而降低使用成本;适用于要求低噪音、防锈、长寿命(乃至“终生润滑”)的家用电器、办公设备、精密仪器和各种工业机械轴承的润滑与防护;还适用于滑板车、旱冰鞋、箱包上轴承润滑,同时可满足其他中小型电机轴承的降噪、润滑和防护。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑脂制备技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
低噪音润滑脂是一种经过充分净化的润滑脂,如果有杂质污染物进入轴承或承载部位,可能会引起这些部位的损坏,而低噪音轴承润滑脂就具有良好的降噪性能,可有效降低轴承的振动值,满足长寿命与低噪音、低起动力矩等润滑要求。2020年,国内轴承总产量达到80亿套,每套轴承按最小装脂量计算为0.5g,轴承润滑脂消费量将达到4万吨,高档低噪音轴承按1.6亿套计算,高性能低噪音轴承脂用量达8000吨。未来国内轴承市场还将不断扩大,我国的低噪音轴承润滑脂产品市场前景广阔。
目前,通用低噪音电机轴承润滑脂的价格较低廉,可以降低轴承成本。然而,由于使用了矿物基础油,这类低噪音轴承润滑脂在除锈和防锈性能以外的一些理化指标上大打折扣。如轴承寿命只能达到200小时,起动和运转力矩在-20℃测试时就有困难。该类润滑脂使用温度一般为-20~120℃,当在150℃以上高温使用时,会出现基础油蒸发过快,流失严重等现象,大大缩短轴承使用寿命。另外,颗粒进入工作区域,就会损坏摩擦副、降低工作寿命。低噪音润滑脂可以通过清除杂质颗粒或者污染物来消除轴承噪音,这些杂质或者污染物使得轴承产生擦伤或者使轴套受到撞击,如果杂质含量多到一定程度,在相同的工况条件下,对运动部件的正常运转产生干扰,使其动作不协调。这可能会缩短轴承的寿命和电机的稳定性。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂及其制备方法。
为了实现上述技术目的,针对低噪音电机轴承独特的润滑方式,本发明人考虑在润滑脂中引入一些含极性官能团的分子和添加剂配方体系,从而增强其胶体结构的稳定性、黏附能力和润滑性能,以延长设备的使用寿命,节约能源等,以致提高国内外润滑脂水平。
具体地,实现本发明目的的技术方案如下:一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,由下述重量份数的组分制备而成:
所述的基础油选自如下的一种或两种以上的调和油:聚α烯烃、合成酯类油、硅油,其在40℃时的运动粘度为80-105mm2/s,密度为0.83-0.89g/cm3;
所述的聚α烯烃选用低粘度等级PAO4、PAO6、PAO8、PAO10、PAO20中的一种或两种,所述的合成酯类油是油酸异辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、新戊二醇酯、单季戊四醇饱和酯、没食子酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、合成棕榈油中的一种;所述的硅油是甲基硅油、苯基甲基硅油的一种。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的无机稠化剂是高碱值的磺酸钙盐,其总碱值为390-420mgKOH/g。
需要说明的是,无机稠化剂是牛顿体的高碱值磺酸盐,其本身就具有很好的极压、抗磨、减摩与防锈性能,通过与聚脲润滑脂复合,制成高性能、低皂含量的润滑脂,再配伍一些功能添加剂,可制成一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂。其特点是:磺酸钙基复合脂的制备过程简单化,降低了成本与缩短了加工周期;磺酸钙基润滑脂的转相过程中不加易挥发的转相剂,制备过程绿色化;使用温度范围宽,适用温度-40-230℃;优异的抗剪切性能,降低设备使用时的噪音污染;优异的极压抗磨、减摩性能;显著延长高温轴承的使用寿命,降低磨损与设备故障,从而降低使用成本。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的转相剂由多元醇、低分子酸、十二烷基苯磺酸和水按照1:(1.5-3):(2.5-6.5):(6-15)的重量比组成,所述多元醇选自如下的一种或两种以上:乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇;所述的低分子酸选自如下的一种或两种以上:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的粘度指数改进剂选自如下的一种:聚甲基丙烯酸酯PMA型高分子材料、聚异丁烯PIB高分子材料、乙烯-丙烯共聚物。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的减摩剂选自如下的一种或两种以上的混合物:硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐T203、二硫化钼、石墨、硼酸二正丁酯、二异辛基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二异辛基二硫代磷酸钼;所述二硫化钼是纳米级的固体粉末;所述石墨是鳞片状固体粉末。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的极压抗磨剂选自如下的一种或两种:无味硫化烯烃、多硫化合物、亚磷酸酯铵盐、硫代磷酸酯铵盐、2,5-二巯基噻二唑类衍生物、磷酸三甲酚酯、磷酸三苯酯。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的防锈剂选自如下的一种:磺酸盐类,油酸酯类、油酸二乙醇胺、油酸三乙醇胺、羧酸及其皂类、噻二唑类、苯并三氮唑类。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中的抗氧剂选自如下的一种:有机胺类抗氧剂、酚类抗氧剂、杂环类抗氧剂。
进一步优选地,如上所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其中胶体结构稳定剂选自如下的一种或两种以上的混合物:具有活性基团的醇、羧酸、胺、羧酸酯、酰胺。优选为十二醇、烯酐、己二酸。
另外,本发明还提供了上述高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将无机稠化剂、基础油和转相剂投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,并加热至75~90℃,恒温90~150min,完成转相;
(2)转相后,将物料升温至90~100℃,加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应60~90min,脱水,脱气;
(3)复合反应结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂,搅拌后进行均质处理,得到高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂。
本发明制备的低噪音轴承润滑脂常用于中小型精密轴承及密封轴承的润滑;适用于要求低噪音、防锈、长寿命(乃至“终生润滑”)的家用电器、办公设备、精密仪器和各种工业机械轴承的润滑与防护;还适用于滑板车,旱冰鞋,箱包上轴承润滑,同时可满足其他中小型电机轴承的降噪、润滑和防护。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种高温长寿命低噪音磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,采用合成基础油、稠化牛顿体的高碱值磺酸钙盐,调配各类功能添加剂,经过转相、复合、炼制、调和等工艺制备,其显著的进步性体现如下:
(1)磺酸钙基复合脂的制备过程简单化,降低了成本与缩短了加工时间,降低了能耗和生产成本。
(2)制备过程绿色化,复合磺酸钙的转相基本上都需要一些低分子酸或低沸点的活性醇,使牛顿体的磺酸盐变成非牛顿体的磺酸盐,这样对环境具有一定地污染,而本发明减少或不使用易挥发性物质,避免了环境污染和对操作人员的伤害,整个过程绿色环保。
(3)基础油是合成基础油,其高低温性能优良,复合磺酸钙基润滑脂的泵送性非常突出,因此以复合磺酸钙基润滑脂作为电机轴承润滑剂,其使用温度范围宽,适用温度-40-230℃。
(4)本发明的低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,10万次剪切锥入度变化值在10以内,其具有优异的抗剪切性能,可降低设备使用时的噪音污染。
(5)本发明的低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂中本身含有大量纳米级的碳酸钙、醋酸钙等,其具有优异的极压抗磨、减摩性能。
(6)本发明的低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂的防锈性能非常好,抗磨性能也很好,调配功能添加剂能显著延长电机轴承的使用寿命,降低磨损与设备故障,从而降低使用成本。
附图说明
图1是皂纤维结构图,其中:a为实施例1,b为实施例3。
图2是实施例1产品的红外谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些不脱离本发明构思的变形和改进都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种高温长寿命低噪音用磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,通过以下步骤制备所得:
A)按重量份称取:高碱值磺酸钙盐(TBN=400)24份、合成基础油PAO1060份、转相剂4份(乙二醇0.2份,醋酸0.5份,十二烷基苯磺酸1.3份和水2份)、聚脲粉3份,乙烯-丙烯共聚物1.5份、无味硫化烯烃2.5份,二异辛基二硫代氨基甲酸钼3份、防锈剂T7050.5份、有机胺类抗氧剂1份、胶体结构稳定剂(十二醇)0.5份;
B)将合成基础油PAO10作为基础油;
C)将高碱值磺酸钙盐、合成基础油PAO10和转相剂的混合物投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至75~90℃,恒温90~120min,完成碳酸钙晶型转化;
D)升温至90~100℃加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应60~90min;
E)皂化结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂等搅拌后进行均质处理;各项典型理化指标测定结果见表1。
实施例2
一种高温长寿命低噪音用磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,通过以下步骤制备所得:
A)按重量份称取:高碱值磺酸钙盐(TBN=400)22份、合成基础油三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯TMPTO 61份、转相剂4.5份(丙二醇0.2份,醋酸0.5份,十二烷基苯磺酸1.3份和水2.5份)、聚脲粉3.5份,乙烯-丙烯共聚物1.5份、无味硫化烯烃2.5份,二异辛基二硫代磷酸钼3份、防锈剂T7050.5份、有机胺类抗氧剂1份、胶体结构稳定剂(烯酐)0.5份;
B)将合成基础油三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯TMPTO作为基础油;
C)将高碱值磺酸钙盐、合成基础油三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯TMPTO和转相剂的混合物投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至75~90℃,恒温90~120min,完成碳酸钙晶型转化;
D)升温至90~100℃加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应90~120min;
E)皂化结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂等搅拌后进行均质处理;各项典型理化指标测定结果见表1。
实施例3
一种高温长寿命低噪音用磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,通过以下步骤制备所得:
A)按重量份称取:高碱值磺酸钙盐(TBN=400)23份、合成棕榈油61份、转相剂3份(乙二醇0.2份,醋酸0.3份,十二烷基苯磺酸0.8份和水1.7份)、聚脲粉5份,乙烯-丙烯共聚物1.5份、无味硫化烯烃2.5份,二异辛基二硫代磷酸钼2份、防锈剂T7050.5份、酚类抗氧剂1份、胶体结构稳定剂(己二酸)0.5份;
B)将合成基础油棕榈油作为基础油;
C)将高碱值磺酸钙盐、合成基础油棕榈油和转相剂的混合物投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至75~90℃,恒温90~120min,完成碳酸钙晶型转化;
D)升温至90~100℃加入聚脲粉进行复合,皂化恒温反应90~120min;
E)皂化结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂等搅拌后进行均质处理;各项典型理化指标测定结果见表1。
实施例4
一种高温长寿命低噪音用磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,通过以下步骤制备所得:
A)按重量份称取:高碱值磺酸钙盐(TBN=400)23份、合成基础油PAO1030份和合成酯类油三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯TMPTO 30份、转相剂4份(丙三醇0.2份,醋酸0.5份,十二烷基苯磺酸0.8份和水2.5份)、聚脲粉4份,乙烯-丙烯共聚物1.5份、无味硫化烯烃2.5份,硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐T2032.5份、防锈剂0.5份、酚类抗氧剂1份、胶体结构稳定剂(十二醇)1份;
B)将合成基础油PAO10和合成酯类油三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯TMPTO作为基础油;
C)将高碱值磺酸钙盐、合成基础油PAO10、30份三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯TMPTO和转相剂的混合物投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至75~90℃,恒温90~120min,完成碳酸钙晶型转化;
D)升温至90~100℃加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应60~90min;
E)皂化结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂等搅拌后进行均质处理;各项典型理化指标测定结果见表1。
实施例5
一种高温长寿命低噪音用磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,通过以下步骤制备所得:
A)按重量份称取:高碱值磺酸钙盐(TBN=400)23份、31份合成基础油PAO10与31份合成棕榈油、转相剂3份(乙二醇0.2份,醋酸0.5份,十二烷基苯磺酸0.5份和水1.8份)、聚脲粉4份,聚甲基丙烯酸1.5份、无味硫化烯烃2.5份、硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐T2032份、防锈剂(油酸二乙醇胺)0.5份、有机胺类抗氧剂1份、胶体结构稳定剂(烯酐)0.5份;
B)将合成基础油PAO10与棕榈油作为基础油;
C)将高碱值磺酸钙盐、合成基础油PAO10、31份棕榈油和转相剂的混合物投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至75~90℃,恒温90~120min,完成碳酸钙晶型转化;
D)升温至90~100℃加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应60~90min;
E)皂化结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂等搅拌后进行均质处理;各项典型理化指标测定结果见表1。
实施例6
一种高温长寿命低噪音用磺酸钙基复合润滑脂,通过以下步骤制备所得:
A)按重量份称取:高碱值磺酸钙盐(TBN=400)24份、合成基础油没食子酸酯61份、转相剂3份(丙二醇0.2份,醋酸0.5份,十二烷基苯磺酸0.5份和水1.8份)、聚脲粉5份,乙烯-丙烯共聚物1份、无味硫化烯烃1.5份,二异辛基二硫代氨基甲酸钼2份、防锈剂T7050.5份、有机胺类抗氧剂1份、胶体结构稳定剂(己二酸)1份;
B)将合成基础油没食子酸酯作为基础油;合成基础油没食子酸酯为本发明人自制,参见专利文献CN106381189A。本实施例所采用的合成基础油没食子酸酯的结构式为如下所示:
C)将高碱值磺酸钙盐、合成基础油没食子酸酯(实验室自己合成)和转相剂的混合物投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至75~90℃,恒温90~120min,完成碳酸钙晶型转化;
D)升温至90~100℃加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应60~90min;
E)皂化结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂等搅拌后进行均质处理;各项典型理化指标测定结果见表1。
对比例1
本对比例的润滑脂组合物与实施例1的区别在于,把转相剂中的多元醇换成等量的低沸点醇异丙醇。各项典型理化指标测定结果见表2。
对比例2
本对比例的润滑脂组合物与实施例1的区别在于,把转相剂中十二烷基苯磺酸换成等量的长链线性烷基苯磺酸(C22-C24烷基苯磺酸)。各项典型理化指标测定结果见表2。
对比例3
本对比例的润滑脂组合物与实施例1的区别在于,把减摩剂二异辛基二硫代氨基甲酸钼的量减少到原来的1/2。各项典型理化指标测定结果见表2。
对比例4
本对比例的润滑脂组合物与实施例1的区别在于,把极压抗磨剂无味硫化烯烃的量减少到原来的1/2。各项典型理化指标测定结果见表2。
对比例5
本对比例的润滑脂组合物与实施例1的区别在于,对比例5中不加胶体结构稳定剂。各项典型理化指标测定结果见表2。
对比例6
本对比例的润滑脂组合物为一种市售低噪音润滑脂。各项典型理化指标测定结果见表2。
实施例1-6的性能数据见表1。比较例1-6的性能数据见表2。
表1
表2
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的无机稠化剂是高碱值的磺酸钙盐,其总碱值为390-420mgKOH/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的转相剂由多元醇、低分子酸、十二烷基苯磺酸和水按照1:(1.5-3):(2.5-6.5):(6-15)的重量比组成,所述多元醇选自如下的一种或两种以上:乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇;所述的低分子酸选自如下的一种或两种以上:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的粘度指数改进剂选自如下的一种:聚异丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的减摩剂选自如下的一种或两种以上的混合物:硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐T203、二硫化钼、石墨、硼酸二正丁酯、二异辛基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二异辛基二硫代磷酸钼;所述二硫化钼是纳米级的固体粉末;所述石墨是鳞片状固体粉末。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的极压抗磨剂选自如下的一种或两种:无味硫化烯烃、多硫化合物、亚磷酸酯铵盐、硫代磷酸酯铵盐、2,5-二巯基噻二唑类衍生物、磷酸三甲酚酯、磷酸三苯酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的防锈剂选自如下的一种:磺酸盐类,油酸酯类、油酸二乙醇胺、油酸三乙醇胺、羧酸及其皂类、噻二唑类、苯并三氮唑类。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述的抗氧剂选自如下的一种:有机胺类抗氧剂、酚类抗氧剂、杂环类抗氧剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂,其特征在于,所述胶体结构稳定剂选自如下的一种或两种以上的混合物:具有活性基团的醇、羧酸、胺、羧酸酯、酰胺。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将无机稠化剂、基础油和转相剂投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,并加热至75~90℃,恒温90~150min,完成转相;
(2)转相后,将物料升温至90~100℃,加入聚脲粉进行复合,复合恒温反应60~90min,脱水,脱气;
(3)复合反应结束后升温至180~200℃进行炼制,然后降至80~110℃,加入极压抗磨剂、减摩剂、粘度指数改进剂、防锈剂、抗氧剂和胶体结构稳定剂,搅拌后进行均质处理,得到高温长寿命低噪音轴承用磺酸钙基复合脂。
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