CN114874287B - 一种抗体偶联药物-连接子lnd1042的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种抗体偶联药物-连接子lnd1042的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种抗体偶联药物‑连接子LND1042的合成方法。该合成方法包括:将化合物VC‑PAB和MPB‑OSu在第一溶剂中搅拌,加入DIPEA,反应得到MPB‑VC‑PAB;将MPB‑VC‑PAB在第一溶剂中搅拌,加入DNPC和DIPEA反应得到MPB‑VC‑PAB‑PNP;将PNU‑TBS溶于第二溶剂中,加入TBAF,反应得到PNU‑159682;将PNU‑159682溶于第三溶剂,加入DNPC、三乙胺、N,N′‑二甲基乙二胺,0‑5℃反应1h‑2h,得到PNU‑DMAE;将MPB‑VC‑PAB‑PNP和PNU‑DMAE溶于第一溶剂中,冰浴降温0‑5℃搅拌5‑10min,加入DIPEA,升温20‑25℃反应2‑3h,得到MPB‑VC‑PAB‑DMAE‑PNU159682。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗体偶联药物-连接子LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)的合成方法,属于有机药物制备技术领域。
背景技术
抗体药物偶联物(Antibody drug conjugate,简称ADC)是一类新型的抗肿瘤药物,其原理是将细胞毒素连接在抗体上,通过抗体对癌细胞表面特定抗原的识别,通过内吞作用进入癌细胞,从而将细胞毒素运输到靶点,达到靶向性治疗恶性肿瘤的目的。ADC与传统的小分子抗肿瘤药物相比,因能借助抗体的靶向识别性与毒素的高活性,故更具备特异性和有效性。
ADC包括三个不同的组成部分,即抗体、连接子和细胞毒素。抗体实现靶向性,连接子保证在ADC在血液转运过程中的稳定性,而到达作用靶点后,毒素发挥对癌细胞的杀伤作用。
根据作用机制的不同,适用于ADC的毒素分为微管类抑制剂(Microtubuleinhibitors),DNA损伤剂(DNA damaging agents),RNA聚合酶抑制剂(RNApolymeraseinhibitors)等。
目前,市场上销售和临床试验中的ADC所采用的毒素主要为微管类抑制剂,主要包括DNA拓扑异构酶I(topoisomerase I)抑制剂设计的化合物,比如Dxd,以及基于美登素(Maytansine-based)设计的化合物,比如DM1和DM4;DNA拓扑异构酶II(topoisomerase II)抑制剂设计的化合物,比如一种高效的蒽环类新霉素代谢产物PNU-159682具有出色的细胞毒性。
连接子方面,主要应用的为不可裂解型,如缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(Valine-Citriline)和环己基甲酸(MCC),经过溶酶体水解后,药物仍然具有活性,并通过连接区与某个氨基酸残基结合在一起。
抗体药物偶联物的形成方式有多种。既可以通过抗体上的氨基或巯基和药物连接子进行化学反应偶联,也可以对抗体进行修饰,在抗体上引入特定功能基后,再和药物连接子进行化学反应偶联或酶催化反应偶联。
其中,抗体药物毒素分子LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682,结构如下)是一种新型的用于抗体偶联药物的中间体。
我们开发的LND1042的合成方法包括以下两种路线。
合成线路一:
在路线一的开发中,化合物LND1042-4的合成收率很低,反应有很多副反应发生,制约着整个路线的收率和成本控制。
合成线路二:
由于在路线一中化合物LND1042-4的合成收率很低,反应有很多副反应发生,换用路线二,用保护基团保护的DMAE(N,N′-二甲基乙二胺),再通过脱保护拿到高收率的LND1042-4。
在实际的合成实践中,Boc保护的LND1042-4(LND1042-5)的反应转化率和收率很高,但是在脱保护阶段Boc保护的LND1042-4,尝试不同的脱保护试剂如:HCl/二氧六环、HCl/EtOAc、HCl/Et2O、TFA、TosOH/THF-CH2C12、Me3SiI/CHCl3或者CH3CN,收率都偏低,并且有很多副反应(水解、断链等)发生;
将保护基团换成Fmoc后,Fmoc保护的LND1042-4(LND1042-5)的反应转化率和收率同样很高,但是在脱保护阶段Fmoc保护的LND1042-4,尝试不同的脱保护试剂如:二乙胺、二异丙胺、1,8-二偶氮杂双螺环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(DBU)、哌啶、乙醇胺、环己胺、吗啡啉、吡咯烷酮2等反应有很多副反应发生,收率偏低。
所以路线二最终的总收率依然很低,难以放大生产。
发明内容
为了解决上述开发的技术中存在的问题,我们开发了路线三,即本发明重点保护的路线方法;本发明的目的在于提供一种可以高效合成,易于放大,便于商业化生产的LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)的合成方法。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明提供了一种抗体偶联药物-连接子LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)的合成方法,该合成方法包括以下步骤:
将化合物VC-PAB和MPB-OSu(4-(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸琥珀酰亚胺酯,LND1042-1)在第一溶剂中搅拌,加入DIPEA(N,N′-二异丙基乙胺),反应1.5h-2h,反应液滴加入混合溶剂,固体析出,抽滤,烘干,得到MPB-VC-PAB(LND1042-2);
将所述MPB-VC-PAB(LND1042-2)在第一溶剂中搅拌,加入DNPC(二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯)和DIPEA(N,N′-二异丙基乙胺)反应2.5h-4h,反应液滴入混合溶剂,固体析出,抽滤,烘干,得到MPB-VC-PAB-PNP(LND1042-3);
将所述PNU-TBS(LND1042-6)溶于第二溶剂中,降温至-5至0℃加入TBAF(四丁基氟化铵),反应20-30min,分液萃取,干燥浓缩,得到化合物PNU-159682(LND1042-7);
将所述PNU-159682(LND1042-7)溶于第三溶剂,加入DNPC(二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯),冰水搅拌降温0-5℃,加入三乙胺、检测原料转化完全,得到中间体PNU-PNP(LND1042-8),加入N,N′-二甲基乙二胺,0-5℃反应1h-2h,检测体系反应完毕,反应液浓缩,中压反相过柱纯化冻干,得到化合物PNU-DMAE(LND1042-9);
将所述MPB-VC-PAB-PNP(LND1042-3)和所述PNU-DMAE(LND1042-9)溶于第一溶剂中,冰浴降温0-5℃搅拌5-10min,加入DIPEA(N,N′-二异丙基乙胺),自然升温20-25℃反应2-3h,检测原料反应完毕,中压反相制备,收集洗脱液,冻干,得到MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682(LND1042)。
本发明的LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)合成方法具体包括以下步骤:
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,制备MPB-VC-PAB时,所述VC-PAB、MPB-OSu、第一溶剂、DIPEA的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:1.0eq-1.5eq:10V-20V:2.0eq-2.5eq。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,制备MPB-VC-PAB-PNP时,所述MPB-VC-PAB、第一溶剂、DNPC和DIPEA的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:10V-20V:1.0eq-1.5eq:2.0eq-2.5eq。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,制备PNU-159682时,所述PNU-TBS、第二溶剂、TBAF的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:10V-20V:1.0eq-3.0eq。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,制备PNU-DMAE时,所述PNU-159682、第三溶剂、DNPC、三乙胺、N,N′-二甲基乙二胺的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:10V-20V:2.0eq-3.0eq:2.0eq-3.0eq:1.5eq-2.5eq。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,制备MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682时,所述PMPB-VC-PAB-PNP、PNU-DMAE、第一溶剂、DIPEA的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:1.0eq:10V-20V:2.0eq-3.0eq。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,第一溶剂为DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)或DMA(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺);
所述第二溶剂为DCM(二氯甲烷)或THF(四氢呋喃);
所述第三溶剂为DCM(二氯甲烷),THF(四氢呋喃)或DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)。
其中,不同步骤中使用的第一溶剂、第二溶剂和第三溶剂采用的原料可以相同也可以不同。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,混合溶剂为EA(乙酸乙酯)、PE(石油醚)、MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)、乙醚中的一种或几种组合。
本发明的抗体偶联药物-连接子LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)的合成方法,成功实现了LND1042的高效合成,易于放大,便于商业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042-2(MPB-VC-PAB)的HPLC谱图。
图2为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042-2(MPB-VC-PAB)的LCMS谱图。
图3为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042-3(MPB-VC-PAB-PNP)的HPLC谱图。
图4为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042-3(MPB-VC-PAB-PNP)的LCMS谱图。
图5为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042-8的LCMS谱图。
图6为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042-9的LCMS谱图。
图7为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042的LCMS谱图。
图8为本发明的实施例1的化合物LND1042的1H NMR谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施里提供了一种LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)的合成方法,具体包括以下步骤:
化合物LND1042-2(MPB-VC-PAB)的合成
将LND1042-1 320mg(1.0eq),VC-PAB 320mg(1.0eq)加入DMF 4mL室温搅拌溶解,室温20~25度左右DIPEA216mg(2.0eq)用1ml DMF稀释滴加入反应体系,室温搅拌1.5~2hLC-MS/HPLC检测,原料反应完毕。
后处理:取EA 50ml,MTBE 50ml,混合均匀,反应体系滴加入混合溶剂,固体析出,室温搅拌20~30min,抽滤,用混合溶剂洗涤滤饼,油泵拉干,得到最终产品灰白色固体LND1042-2560mg,HPLC纯度91.5%,LCMS:621.75[M+H]+。
化合物LND1042-2(MPB-VC-PAB)的HPLC和LCMS谱图如图1和图2所示。
化合物LND1042-3(MPB-VC-PAB-PNP)的合成
将LND1042-2550mg(1.0eq),DNPC 323mg(1.2eq)加入DMF 5mL室温搅拌溶解,室温20~25℃度DIPEA 211mg(2.0eq)用1ml DMF稀释滴加入反应体系,室温搅拌2.5~4hLC-MS/HPLC检测,原料反应完毕。后处理:取EA 60ml,MTBE 60ml,混合均匀,反应体系滴加入混合溶剂,有固体析出,室温搅拌20~30min,抽滤用混合溶剂洗涤滤饼,油泵拉干,得到灰色的固体LND1042-3 MPB-VC-PAB-PNP 571mg,HPLC:87.3%,LCMS:787.11[M+H]+。
化合物LND1042-3(MPB-VC-PAB-PNP)的HPLC和LCMS谱图如图3和图4所示。
化合物LND1042-7(PNU-159682)的合成
取化合物LND1042-6500mg(1.0eq)于50mL单口瓶,加入THF 5mL,降温至-5℃搅拌,取TBAF(1M in THF)0.86mL(1.3eq)滴加至反应瓶内,反应约20min,LCMS检测原料反应完全,加入水20mL及DCM 50mL,水相50ml DCM反萃,合并有机相无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到粗品LND1042-7PNU-159682,直接用于下一步。
化合物LND1042-9(PNU-DMAE)的合成
将上一步得到的PNU-159682粗品(理论:420mg,1.0eq),DNPC 400mg(2.0eq),加入DCM 10mL,冰水搅拌降温0~5℃左右,三乙胺/TEA200mg(3.0eq)加入反应体系,LCMS检测,原料转化完全,得到中间体LND1042-8 LCMS:807.78[M+H]+,进行下一步。取N,N′-二甲基乙二胺(DMAE)86.5mg(1.5eq)加入反应体系,0~5℃左右搅拌1~2h。HPLC/LC-MS检测,原料转化完毕。后处理:1.体系加入2ml DMF旋蒸除去DCM。粗品直接上柱,利用中压反相制备纯化,(120g反相柱,234nm,水/乙腈体系纯化,40%乙腈比例出产品)。收集冻干,得到LND1042-9PNU-DMAE 231mg,HPLC:94%,LCMS:756.81[M+H]+。
LND1042-8的LCMS谱图如图5所示。LND1042-9的LCMS谱图如图6所示。
化合物LND1042(MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682)的合成
将LND1042-5MPB-VC-PAB-PNP 83mg(1.0eq),LND1042-9PNU-DMAE 80mg于1mLDMF,冰浴降温0~5℃搅拌5~10min,加入DIPEA 13.7mg(2.0eq),自然升温20~25℃反应2~3h,LC-MS/HPLC检测,原料反应完毕。后处理:中压反相制备,234nm,流速50mL/min,0.05%NH4HCO3水/乙腈,50%乙腈比例出产品,收集产品,冻干得到LND1042 45mg,HPLC:91.9%,LCMS:1403.30[M+H]+。如图7所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,dmso)δ14.01(s,1H),13.23-13.04(m,1H),9.96(s,1H),8.07(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.92-7.87(m,3H),7.67-7.60(m,1H),7.58(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=8.1Hz,4H),7.22(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.16(s,2H),5.96(s,1H),5.48(s,1H),5.40(s,2H),5.20(d,J=20.6Hz,1H),5.09-4.92(m,4H),4.58(s,1H),4.39(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.26-4.17(m,2H),3.98(s,3H),3.92(s,1H),3.65(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.50(d,J=11.9Hz,1H),3.42-3.35(m,3H),3.31(s,4H),3.01-2.75(m,11H),2.61(dd,J=23.1,15.5Hz,3H),2.35(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),2.27-2.16(m,3H),2.06-1.92(m,2H),1.83(dd,J=14.8,7.2Hz,2H),1.68(s,2H),1.60(s,1H),1.47-1.32(m,3H),1.23(s,4H),0.85(dd,J=10.8,6.8Hz,7H).如图8所示。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种抗体偶联药物-连接子LND1042的合成方法,该合成方法包括以下步骤:
将化合物VC-PAB和4-(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸琥珀酰亚胺酯在第一溶剂中搅拌,加入N,N'-二异丙基乙胺,反应1.5h-2h,反应液滴加入混合溶剂,固体析出,抽滤,烘干,得到MPB-VC-PAB;所述制备MPB-VC-PAB时,所述VC-PAB、4-(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸琥珀酰亚胺酯、第一溶剂、N,N'-二异丙基乙胺的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:1.0eq-1.5eq:10V-20V:2.0eq-2.5eq;
将所述MPB-VC-PAB在第一溶剂中搅拌,加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯和N,N'-二异丙基乙胺反应2.5h-4h,反应液滴入混合溶剂,固体析出,抽滤,烘干,得到MPB-VC-PAB-PNP;所述制备MPB-VC-PAB-PNP时,所述MPB-VC-PAB、第一溶剂、二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯和N,N'-二异丙基乙胺的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:10V-20V:1.0eq-1.5eq:2.0eq-2.5eq;
将所述PNU-TBS溶于第二溶剂中,降温至-5至0℃加入四丁基氟化铵,反应20-30min,分液萃取,干燥浓缩,得到化合物PNU-159682;所述制备PNU-159682时,所述PNU-TBS、第二溶剂、四丁基氟化铵的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:10V-20V:1.0eq-3.0eq;
将所述PNU-159682溶于第三溶剂,加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯,冰水搅拌降温0-5℃,加入三乙胺、检测原料转化完全,得到中间体PNU-PNP,加入N,N'-二甲基乙二胺,0-5℃反应1h-2h,检测体系反应完毕,反应液浓缩,中压反相过柱纯化冻干,得到化合物PNU-DMAE;所述制备PNU-DMAE时,所述PNU-159682、第三溶剂、二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯、三乙胺、N,N'-二甲基乙二胺的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:10V-20V:2.0eq-3.0eq:2.0eq-3.0eq:1.5eq-2.5eq;
将所述MPB-VC-PAB-PNP和所述PNU-DMAE溶于第一溶剂中,冰浴降温0-5℃搅拌5-10min,加入N,N'-二异丙基乙胺,自然升温20-25℃反应2-3h,检测原料反应完毕,中压反相制备,收集洗脱液,冻干,得到MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682;所述制备MPB-VC-PAB-DMAE-PNU159682时,所述PMPB-VC-PAB-PNP、PNU-DMAE、第一溶剂、N,N'-二异丙基乙胺的混合摩尔比为1.0eq:1.0eq:10V-20V:2.0eq-3.0eq。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中,所述第一溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中,所述第二溶剂为二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中,所述第三溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中,所述混合溶剂为乙酸乙酯、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚中的一种或几种组合。
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