WO2017210874A1 - Imperfect mofs (imofs) material, preparation and use in catalysis, sorption and separation - Google Patents
Imperfect mofs (imofs) material, preparation and use in catalysis, sorption and separation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017210874A1 WO2017210874A1 PCT/CN2016/085221 CN2016085221W WO2017210874A1 WO 2017210874 A1 WO2017210874 A1 WO 2017210874A1 CN 2016085221 W CN2016085221 W CN 2016085221W WO 2017210874 A1 WO2017210874 A1 WO 2017210874A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- imofs
- metal
- material according
- defects
- zif
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 oxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWPXJXDPFRUGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1C=2C=C(N=3)C=CC=3C=C(N3)C=CC3=CC(=N3)C=CC3=CC1=CC=2C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound N1C=2C=C(N=3)C=CC=3C=C(N3)C=CC3=CC(=N3)C=CC3=CC1=CC=2C1=CC=CC=C1 QCWPXJXDPFRUGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butynedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#CC(O)=O YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OTAJGWQCQIEFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=C2C=CC3=CC(C(=O)O)=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 OTAJGWQCQIEFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOQCTFVIEBUWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydropyrene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C2CC(C(=O)O)CC(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 ZOQCTFVIEBUWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GPNNOCMCNFXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoterephthalic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1C(O)=O GPNNOCMCNFXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PJAQXGURZBCPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclobutylterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C2CCC2)=C1 PJAQXGURZBCPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRMAQQQTXDJDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2-oxoacetic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(O)=O JRMAQQQTXDJDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KVQMUHHSWICEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(5-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KVQMUHHSWICEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001573 adamantine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNXSDDLAAPKDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;2-phenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VNXSDDLAAPKDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUCRGHABDDWQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=CN=C1C(O)=O ZUCRGHABDDWQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Azide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MFLKDEMTKSVIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;2-methylimidazol-3-ide Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC1=NC=C[N-]1.CC1=NC=C[N-]1 MFLKDEMTKSVIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- 239000013154 zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 Substances 0.000 description 53
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000013132 MOF-5 Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006000 Knoevenagel condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 4511-42-6 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013207 UiO-66 Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMFYWGVTXOLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-bromophenyl)methylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 MYMFYWGVTXOLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzaldehyde Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolide Chemical compound C1=C[N-]C=N1 JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013212 metal-organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052695 Americium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013148 Cu-BTC MOF Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052685 Curium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010485 C−C bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010018746 Growth accelerated Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052766 Lawrencium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012917 MOF crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012922 MOF pore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052764 Mendelevium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052781 Neptunium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-FIBGUPNXSA-N acetonitrile-d3 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-FIBGUPNXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052767 actinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013257 coordination network Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007144 microwave assisted synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007783 nanoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
- C07F3/06—Zinc compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
- B01J20/226—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F19/00—Metal compounds according to more than one of main groups C07F1/00 - C07F17/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
- B01J2231/341—1,2-additions, e.g. aldol or Knoevenagel condensations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
- B01J31/2239—Bridging ligands, e.g. OAc in Cr2(OAc)4, Pt4(OAc)8 or dicarboxylate ligands
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the catalytic activity of imperfect MOFs (iMOFs) with defect structures present in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) .
- the invention relates to the crystal growth-driven creation of defects (amount and type) in metal-organic frameworks using different synthesis procedures resulting in iMOFs.
- MOFs Metal-organic frameworks
- MOMs metal organic materials
- MOFs are the top growing division of novel inorganic-organic materials as they combined the two often-separated disciplines of chemistry; organic and inorganic.
- the most attractive features of MOFs are their crystalline nature, the high specific surface area (up to 10,400 m 2 g -1 ) , large pore aperture and the low density (0.13 g cm -3 ) .
- 1 MOFs are solids with permanent porosity which are assembled from metals/cluster nodes bridged with linkers/organic compounds to form three-dimensional (3D) coordination networks (see Fig. 1) .
- Fig. 1 The MOFs and ZIFs structure comparison; a) The fundamental bridging unit of MOFs frameworks (Left) , bridging angles unit in metal imidazolate of ZIFs (Right) . b) The single unit structure, largest cage of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . c) The units linking (b) connect these units such that the cluster adopts an expanded face-cantered-cubic arrangement of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . The structure represented via linkers missing (d) and metals missing (e) or defect structure on MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) .
- SBUs Secondary building units
- the synthetic method generally consists of mixing two solutions containing the hydrophilic metal and the hydrophobic organic component (organic linker) , using hydrothermal or solvothermal techniques.
- organic linker usually rigid systems are preferred over flexible ones as they give crystalline, porous, and stable MOFs.
- Different varieties of organic linkers have been used but mostly polycarboxylic molecules and polyazaheterocycles are used.
- MOFs are one of the most speedily rising fields in chemical and material sciences, not only due to the beautiful structural topologies but also because of their potential as functional materials in various applications. MOFs are currently eliciting noteworthy attention for their prospective applications in gas storage, purification, molecular sensing, drug delivery, biomedicines, photoluminescence, molecular based magnetisms, and photo catalysis. 3
- MOF based catalysis depends on the active sites; both metal centers and organic linker contribute to catalytic activity.
- the organic bridging linkers may be used as scaffolds to which distinct catalytic complexes, bio-molecules, and homogeneous catalysts can be immobilized or encapsulated.
- the synthetic flexibility of MOF enables considerable control over size and environment of the pores, allowing selectivity to be tuned more effectively.
- MOF pores can serve as guest hosts for small molecules (active homogeneous catalysts) or as supports for metal or metal oxide nanoparticles and even enzymes.
- MOFs metal-organic chemical synthesis
- a wide variety of MOFs have been designed with various transition metals as well as different polytopic ligands and screened in heterogeneous catalysis of organic transformations but still there are hundreds of MOF materials that have not been explored for catalysis. Therefore, the use of MOFs in catalysis is extremely broad and increasing continuously.
- the chemical industry has emerged as a vibrant part of the world economy. However, the production of chemicals also leads to a massive magnitude of environmentally harmful wastes. Heterogeneous catalysis is playing an increasingly imperative role in chemical manufacturing, often with the result of a major reduction in waste.
- heterogeneous catalysis is superior to homogeneous for easier separation, reusability, minimized waste, green and, clean products.
- the high porosity of MOFs allows fast mass transport and/or interactions with substrates.
- the use of MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts has presented a significance increase in the last two decades as they have been considered as an eco-friendly alternative for catalysis. Separation of the reaction products and the catalyst reusability, less leaching problems make MOFs as an active heterogeneous catalyst.
- the controllable topology, geometry of framework, and tunable pore functionality render them highly attractive in future to various applications especially in heterogeneous catalysis.
- MOFs appear as a new opportunist in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and hundred publications of MOF catalysis are reported, there is a need to ensure its stability, activity and selectivity under reaction conditions.
- MOFs can drastically enhance adsorption of gases such as hydrogen (H 2 ) , methane (CH 4 ) , carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) gas, as well as catalytic applications depending on the presence of acid or/and basic sites.
- gases such as hydrogen (H 2 ) , methane (CH 4 ) , carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) gas
- the metal type and content and the variety of organic ligands in MOFs are a great source of active sites, which can act as reactive centers in many catalytic reactions.
- Application of MOFs in catalysis is rapidly growing, which is reflected by a wide range of catalyzed reaction such as cyanosilation, isomerization, hydrogenation, oxidation, tran-esterification, photocatalysis etc. 5
- the advantage of applying MOFs as catalysts is related to their heterogeneous nature, which is superior to homogeneous catalysis because of easier separation,
- MOFs metal/cluster is usually completely coordinated and blocked by organic linkers 6 Therefore, the design of defect structures in MOFs can possibly enhance the amount of catalytic sites at the nodes of these frameworks.
- 23 7 Tailoring the defects in MOFs is essential for establishing the structure-property relationships for targeted applications, such as shape-and size-selective adsorption, and complex site-driven catalysis and sensing.
- the first strategy uses a proper mixture of mono-and/or poly-dentate ligands to create the defects in MOFs.
- the ratio of linker/metal is crucial in the design and creation of defect structures, however, this is limited to certain MOFs (bearing many linkers in one secondary building unit such as UiO-66 (Zr) or UiO-66 (Hf) ) 11-13
- the second strategy is focused on the acceleration of synthesis via addition of a strong deprotonating agent resulting in a very fast reaction (kinetically driven process) leading to the creation of defect structures while still retaining the original MOF structure. 14, 15
- the main objective of the present invention is the creation of iMOF materials via different synthesis procedures as well as the quantitative assessment of the defects in iMOFs which are created via different synthesis procedure.
- the second objective is the unexpected finding that defect structures are involved in the enhancement of the catalytic activity in a reaction using these materials as catalysts.
- the advancement and understanding of defect structures certainly will open new opportunities for multipurpose application of MOF materials.
- the present invention describes procedures to synthesize iMOFs exposing dramatically different properties compared with the same MOFs prepared in a conventional manner.
- the crystallization rate in various synthesis methods is involved in the structure arrangement and defect structure creation which influences the structure properties, morphologies, porosities and surface chemistry properties etc.
- These results were deduced and supported from crystal morphologies which are related to the rate of crystallization or crystal growth, from surface and porosity properties evaluation from adsorption measurements, and from temperature decomposition analysis.
- the crystal framework remains as been proven from the XRD pattern and coordination functional group analysis.
- the diversity of defect structures correlates with active sites and thus also with the catalytic performance which is confirmed via example of catalytic reactions.
- the high catalytic performance of iMOFs from this invention is related to the presence of more acid and basic sites occurring on defect structure.
- TPD applying CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , generate an understanding of the nature and the amount (concentration) of defects. Knowledge of the nature and amount of defects is of utmost importance to decide which imperfect Metal organic framework is suitable for a certain catalytic reaction.
- the present invention provides a defect structure creating procedure during iMOFs synthesis.
- the iMOFs in the present invention comprise metal ions and organic ligands.
- the metal ions used in the invention are those usually employed for the preparation of MOFs, which can be selected from the group consist: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metals, lanthanide series and actinide series.
- the alkali metals can be selected from the group as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr and mixtures thereof.
- the alkaline earth metals can be selected from the group as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra and mixtures thereof.
- the transition metals can be selected from Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, lr, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg and mixtures thereof.
- the post-transition metals can be selected from the group as Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Po and mixtures thereof.
- the lanthanide series can be selected from the group as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and mixtures thereof and actinide series, such as Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr and mixtures thereof.
- the metal for use in the formation of iMOF is a single metal or mixtures thereof.
- organic ligands or struts applied for building iMOF structures of present invention are mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-dentate ligands bearing carboxy-, amine-, nitro-groups or a mixture thereof, which can be selected from the group consist:
- Example 1 solvothermal (SV)
- Example 2 microwave (MW)
- Example 3 room temperature (RT)
- Example 4 spray drying (SP) method.
- the defect structures in iMOF materials are related to the catalytic performance as evaluated in Example 10: Ring opening polymerization and Example 11: Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
- Probe molecules applied for temperature program desorption (TPD) are used to understand the active sites in the catalyst (iMOF) and are correlated with the defect structures in the iMOF materials (Example 8) .
- ZIFs Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks
- MOFs Metal nodes
- IM imidazolate linkers
- 16 ZIF-8 consists of Zn-ions bridged with 2-methylimidazole (2-IM) and represents a sodalite zeolite-type topology in MOF materials see in figure 1.
- ZIF-8 of this invention exhibits a very high surface area, its structure is chemically (including water) and thermally stable, and catalytically active, and was therefore used as the criteria for the MOF platform for catalytic applications.
- ZIF-8 is an ideal candidate for numerous industrial applications among the MOFs. 17 The ZIF-8 series was prepared by using different methods to demonstrate the effect of synthesis procedure on the amount of created defect structures.
- SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
- the rhombic dodecahedron crystals were obtained by using conventional room temperature synthesis (ZIF-8-RT) and the well-defined truncated rhombic dodecahedral crystals were formed during solvothermal synthesis (ZIF-8-SV) . Furthermore, the average size of crystals obtained via room temperature conventional synthesis is much smaller than that for crystals prepared by solvothermal method (ZIF-8-RT: 50 ⁇ m and ZIF-8-SV: 60 ⁇ m) . So, in general the following sequence of crystal size is obtained for the different procedures: ZIF-8-SV > ZIF-8-SP > ZIF-8-MW > ZIF-8-RT.
- the structure evolution is affected by the preparation procedure a fast crystal growth occurs during spray drying synthesis (SP) , which assures rapid crystallization (small droplets and growth accelerated by short heating time) and a stable cube-shaped morphology.
- SP spray drying synthesis
- Longer crystal growth transforms the cube-shaped morphology into a truncated-cube edged morphology, represented by a rhombic dodecahedron.
- This gradual evolution in the ZIF-8 crystal shape from cubic morphology (spray drying synthesis) to the rhombic dodecahedron morphology is formed respectively under microwave, conventional room temperature and solvothermal conditions.
- Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal stability of the ZIF-8 samples obtained by the different procedures (SP, MW, RT, SV) .
- the TG curves start from room temperature up to 350°C displaying a good thermal stability of the frameworks for all samples.
- the first thermal event observed from 350 to 450 °C corresponds to the exothermic decomposition of the partial bridging ligand (2-MIM) , which is in a good agreement with literature. 17 It is worth noting that before TG analyses all samples were activated at 200 °C under vacuum for 200 min and as a consequence no solvent molecules and guest molecules were detected in the thermogram. For the ZIF-8-SP sample the highest weight loss was observed during 350 –400 °C.
- Synthetic polymers have been up-scaled in industry since the 1940s, while nowadays, environment friendly procedures are of interest in polymer synthesis, manufacturing.
- Biodegradable polymers have been considered as alternative polymers having unique environmental friendly properties. Moreover, non-toxic compounds are released during hydrolysis of biodegradable plastics in physiological media applied in biomedical devices.
- the cyclic lactone monomer or lactide (LA) is one of the monomers used for the synthesis of a biodegradable polymer via the ring opening polymerization.
- the catalyst is the major parameter in this polymerization. Accordingly, there is still a need for new catalysts that are environmental friendly and harmless.
- MOFs e.g. ZIF-8, Zn-DABCO, MOF-5
- ZIF-8 Zn-DABCO
- MOF-5 heterogeneous catalyst for the ring opening polymerization of L-lactide.
- the Knoevenagel condensation reaction is very important in the context of the pharmaceutical industry. This reaction is a classic C-C bond formation between aldehydes or ketones and malonnitril.
- 4-bromobenzaldehyde and malononitrile are used as substrates and ZIF-8 series (SP, MW, RT, SV) as catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction. It was observed that ZIF-8-SP demonstrated the highest catalytic performance followed by, ZIF-8-MW, ZIF-8-RT and ZIF-8-SV respectively.
- ZIF-8 has strong Lewis acid sites (in particular Zn 2+ species) together with basic ones (2-methylimidazolate, ligands) using FT-IR CO adsorption analyses combined with DFT calculations. 21 Moreover, in general for many catalytic reactions it is reported that acidic and basic sites are reactive centers in catalytic reactions to obtain a good catalytic performance. 22 This assumption confirmed that those sites are present and are represented by the “defects” of ZIF-8. The amount of these reactive centers depends on the synthesis procedure e.g. SP, MW, SV, RT and a correlation can be made between the amount of defects and the catalytic performance (the higher the amount of defects the better the catalytic performance) .
- probe molecules are important to elucidate the nature of defects, defects amounts (concentration) and also to investigate the modified adsorption or reactive properties of defect structures.
- the use of various probe molecules has been reported including CO, CO 2 , CD 3 CN etc.
- CO as probe is generally used to investigate the active site in heterogeneous catalysts.
- Recently, the application of CO as probe molecule combined with FTIR to observe the exposed defect structures on Cu species in HKUST-1 have been reported 4, 24-26 However, this technique is limited since it can only collect information of the surface and of the presence of defect structures (qualitative) .
- the coordination phenomenon of adsorption was illustrated by interaction of adsorbate (CO molecule) with the defect site.
- adsorbate CO molecule
- the coordination numbers of real material may vary because of different crystallographic faces, edges, steps, point defects and dislocations. However, the most common interaction is the 1: 1 stoichiometry formation.
- MOFs obtained by spray drying display the highest adsorption of CO molecules by CO-TPD (Fig. 5a, b) , indicating a high contribution from defect structures in the material and thus representing a large amount of active sites (a large amount of acid sites observed in NH 3 -TPD and a large amount of basic site observed in CO 2 -TPD) .
- FIG. 1 The MOFs and ZIFs structure comparison; a) The fundamental bridging unit of MOFs frameworks (Left) , bridging angles unit in metal imidazolate of ZIFs (Right) . b) The single unit structure, largest cage of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . c) The units linking (b) connect these units such that the cluster adopts an expanded face-cantered-cubic arrangement of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . The structure represented via linkers missing (d) and metals missing (e) or defect structure on MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) .
- Figure 2 The synthesis ZIF-8 by different procedure (Spray drying: ZIF-8-SP, Microwave: ZIF-8-MW, Room temperature: ZIF-8-RT, Solvothermal: ZIF-8-SV) and their accompanying XRD patterns
- MOF Metal Organic Framework
- the synthesized ZIF-8 sample obtained using different procedure all show the same XRD pattern. The same is true for other MOF-types e.g. MOF-5, Zn-DABCO.
- Figure 3 The N 2 adsorp-desorption isotherm of ZIF-8 series. The linear portion of the plot between 0.02-0.06 is used to calculate a surface area (S BET and Langmuir) .
- Temperature program desorption profiles a) NH 3 -TPD, b) CO 2 -TPD.
- the peak integration of temperature program desorption using CO 2 and NH 3 as a probe gas which represent the quantity of the acid value (NH 3 -TPD) , base value (CO 2 -TPD) and defect value (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series which are prepared by different procedure.
- Temperature program desorption profile a) CO-TPD, b) The integration values of the peak area of temperature program desorption using CO 2 , NH 3 and CO as probe gas representing the quantitative amounts of acid (NH 3 -TPD) , base (CO 2 -TPD) and defects (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series prepared by different procedure.
- the ZIF-8-SV synthesis was adapted of previously literature report 30 .
- the metal source 0.42g (1.606 mmol) of Zn (NO 3 ) ⁇ 4H 2 O and 0.12g (1.462 mmol) 2-methylimidazole or 2-MIM were dissolved in 32 ml of DMF.
- the solution was transferred to Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (35ml) and heated in programmable oven at 5°C/min to 140°C and held for 24 h.
- the light yellow solid product separated from mother liquor and was washed with DMF for three times, immerse in methanol for 3 day and drying at room temperature under vacuum for 12h.
- the Zn-DABCO was synthesized according to our previous reported. 31 A solution of Zn(NO 2 ) 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O (1.609g, 5.41mmol) and terephthalic acid (0.83g, 5 mmol) in DMF (30ml) and 1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (0.28g, 2.5mmol) in 30 ml of DMF were mixed in Teflon-line autoclave (100 ml) under stirred for 10 min. The mixture was transferred to Teflon-line autoclave and placed in an oven and heated program using a heating program of 1°C/min to 120°C and held for 24 h. The obtained white solid product was then filtered and washed thoroughly with DMF to remove unreacted reagents followed by drying at room temperature (25-30°C) under vacuum overnight. The dried material was transferred into a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- the MOF-5 was synthesized according to the literature. 32
- the Zn (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O (0.4399g, 1.4789 mmol) , terephthalic acid (0.1843g, 1.11mmol) were solved in solvent mixture of DMF (10ml) and small amount H 2 O (180 ⁇ l) .
- the mixture was stirred in a Teflon-lined autoclave and heated for 120°C for 48h.
- the obtained crystals were washed with DMF and dried at 150°Cfor 12h. The crystal was carefully stored under inert atmosphere.
- the MOF-5 synthesis was adapted from the literature. 34
- the terephthalic acid (5.065 g, 30.5 mmol) and triethylamine (8.5 mL) were dissolved in 400 mL of DMF.
- Zn (OAc) 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (16.99 g, 77.4 mmol) was dissolved in 500 mL of DMF.
- the zinc salt solution was added to the organic solution with stirring over 15 min, forming a precipitate, and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 h.
- the precipitate was filtered and immersed in DMF (250 mL) overnight. It was then filtered again and immersed in CHCl 3 (350 mL) .
- the product was evacuated overnight at 120 °C under vacuum for 6 h.
- the microwave-assistant synthesis of ZIF-8 was prepared from mixture of Zn (OAc) 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (1.756 g, 8 mmol) and of 2-methylimidazole 0.66g (8 mmol) in 30 ml of DMF as solvent. The mixtures was transferred in in Teflon liner reactor and heated to 130°C under a microwave power of 400W for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature the solid product was washed by DMF for 3 times then immersed in methanol for 3 days. The solid products filtrated and dried at room temperature under vacuum for overnight.
- the Zn-DABCO was synthesized from a solution of Zn (NO 2 ) 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O (1.609g, 5.41mmol) , terephthalic acid (0.83g, 5 mmol) in DMF (30ml) and a solution of 1, 4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (0.28g, 2.5mmol) in 30 ml of DMF.
- the two solutions are mixed and transferred to a Teflon-liner reactor (100 ml) .
- the mixture was heating to 120 °C under microwave power 400W for 30 min.
- the white solid product was filtered and washed thoroughly with DMF to remove unreacted reagents followed by drying at room temperature (25-30°C) under vacuum overnight. The dried material was transferred into a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- the white powder was collected and washed following a two-step centrifugation/re-dispersion process with methanol for three day. Finally, the wet product was dried at room temperature under vacuum for 12h thereafter the temperature was raised to 60°C for 6h. The final product was corrected and kept in desiccator.
- Example 5 The crystal and structure characteristics of MOFs prepared by different procedures
- the crystals were analyzed by powder X-Ray Diffraction. Data were collected in 2 ⁇ ranging from 3-30°, with a scanning rate of 5 (°) /mim.
- MOF metal-organic fluoride
- the synthesized ZIF-8 sample obtained using different procedure (Spray drying: SP, Microwave: MW, Room temperature: RT, Solvothermal: SV) all show the same patterns as presented in Fig. 2. The same is true for each MOF-type e.g. MOF-5, Zn-DABCO.
- Fig. 2 The synthesis ZIF-8 by different procedure (Spray drying: ZIF-8-SP, Microwave: ZIF-8-MW, Room temperature: ZIF-8-RT, Solvothermal: ZIF-8-SV) and their accompanying XRD patterns
- MOF Metal Organic Framework
- the synthesized ZIF-8 sample obtained using different procedure all show the same XRD pattern. The same is true for other MOF-types e.g. MOF-5, Zn-DABCO.
- MOF-5 MOF-5, Zn-DABCO.
- (c) The crystal morphology evolution with rate of crystallization influenced by the procedure in MOFs synthesis from rapid to slow growth (top to down direction) presented by the cube shape to the rhombic dodecahedron shape.
- Fig. 3 The N 2 adsorp-desorption isotherm of ZIF-8 series. The linear portion of the plot
- Table 1 The properties of ZIF-8 series in surface area, porosity and gas uptake for different gases.
- the chemisorption and temperature program desorption (TPD) technique have been used to evaluate the chemical properties in heterogeneous catalyst. Temperature program desorption using NH 3 (NH 3 -TPD) and CO 2 (CO 2 -TPD) as probe gas molecules to evaluate the acid and basic site, respectively, has been performed on the ZIF-8 series.
- the samples were pretreated at 250°C under carrier of He gas for 1h., then cooled down to the adsorption temperature at 25 °C.
- NH 3 and CO 2 as a probe gas were introduced to the sample by continuous flow.
- the probe gas was adsorbed to saturation at adsorption temperature of 25 °C which can be observed from the stable TCD detector signal.
- the physically adsorbed gas on the samples was then removed by flushing the samples with He gas till a stable TCD signal was obtained.
- the temperature programmed desorption was measured using a TCD detector, temperature rising to 270 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min.
- the NH 3 -TPD peak patterns were similarly for the ZIF-8 series as shown in fig. 4a.
- the results clearly show two peaks at about 70 and 250°C, representing the amount weak acid sites (low temperature peak) and strong acid sites (high temperature peak) , respectively.
- the basic properties on materials were performed by CO 2 -TPD, applying similar conditions as for the NH 3 -TPD analysis.
- For the CO 2 desorption (CO 2 -TPD) two peak at about 100°C and 270 °C were observed. From the peak area integration the basic values were found, displaying a similar trend as for the acid properties and thus the amount of basic sites is the highest for ZIF-8-SP >ZIF-8-MW, ZIF-8-RT > ZIF-8-SV, respectively.
- Temperature program desorption profiles a) NH 3 -TPD, b) CO 2 -TPD.
- the peak integration of temperature program desorption using CO 2 and NH 3 as a probe gas which represent the quantity of the acid value (NH 3 -TPD) , base value (CO 2 -TPD) and defect value (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series which are prepared by different procedure.
- the CO-TPD plots obtained from the different samples exhibited a difference in the CO desorption.
- the peak area showed the following trend from high to low: ZIF-8-SP > ZIF-8-MW > ZIF-8-RT > ZIF-8-SV, respectively, see fig. 5a. Integration of the peak area of the adsorbed CO gas can be related to the quantity of defect structures of which the calculated results are presented in fig. 5b.
- Temperature program desorption profile a) CO-TPD, b) The integration values of the peak area of temperature program desorption using CO 2 , NH 3 and CO as probe gas representing the quantitative amounts of acid (NH 3 -TPD) , base (CO 2 -TPD) and defects (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series prepared by different procedure.
- Example 9 Effect of synthesis procedure on the thermal stability on MOFs such as ZIF-8 series.
- the thermal stabilities of the MOFs were tested by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) from room temperature up to 800°C with heating rate 10°C/min under Ar atmosphere (20 cc/mim) . All the ZIF-8 samples were activated at 200°C under vacuum for 3h before TGA analysis see Fig. 6.
- Example 10 The Polymerization reaction using MOFs as a catalyst
- L-lactide polymerization was carried out by solvent-free bulk polymerization method (results in Table 2) .
- ZIF-8 Prior to use, ZIF-8 was activated at 200 °C for 3 h with a temperature rate 1 °C/min under vacuum.
- a mixture of freshly prepared ZIF-8 (10 mg) and L-lactide (633 mg) were charged into a dry Schlenk flask in glove box.
- the Schlenk flask was sealed and then immersed in the oil bath at 160 °C for 3 h.
- the reaction was terminated by cooling the flask in an ice bath (0 °C) . After cooling to ambient temperature, the crude polymer was dried in vacuo.
- Gel Permeation Chromatography tetrahydrofuran was used to determine the molecular weights (Mn and Mw) of as-prepared polylactide.
- Mn and Mw molecular weights
- Example 11 The Knoevenagel condensation reaction using MOFs as a catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A creation of defects (defect structures) in Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) which generates imperfect MOFs (iMOFs) and the quantization of the defects in iMOFs are disclosed. The catalytic activity of iMOFs is also disclosed. In particular, the crystal growth-driven creation of defects (amount and type) in metal-organic frameworks which result in iMOFs are disclosed by using different synthesis procedures. The type of synthesis procedure, such as solvothermal, room temperature, microwave or spray drying, affects the crystal growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and specifically the structure, morphology and other properties of iMOFs such as crystal size, particle shape, surface area, defect structures (defects) and gas adsorption capacity and affinity toward N 2, CO 2, CH 4 etc. Moreover, high performance of MOFs in various catalytic reactions can be correlated to the higher amount of defect structures because defects can possibly display acid and/or basic properties. The amount of generated defects depends on the synthesis procedure of iMOFs. While studies of MOF crystallinity confirmed that for a given type of MOF different synthesis methods generated samples of similar crystal structures their morphologies were different due to the differences in the crystallization rates associated with these methods.
Description
The present invention relates to the catalytic activity of imperfect MOFs (iMOFs) with defect structures present in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) . In particular, the invention relates to the crystal growth-driven creation of defects (amount and type) in metal-organic frameworks using different synthesis procedures resulting in iMOFs.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an important class of new materials in the vast field of metal organic materials (MOMs) . MOFs are the top growing division of novel inorganic-organic materials as they combined the two often-separated disciplines of chemistry; organic and inorganic. The most attractive features of MOFs are their crystalline nature, the high specific surface area (up to 10,400 m2 g-1) , large pore aperture and the low density (0.13 g cm-3) . 1 MOFs are solids with permanent porosity which are assembled from metals/cluster nodes bridged with linkers/organic compounds to form three-dimensional (3D) coordination networks (see Fig. 1) .
Fig. 1 The MOFs and ZIFs structure comparison; a) The fundamental bridging unit of MOFs frameworks (Left) , bridging angles unit in metal imidazolate of ZIFs (Right) . b) The single unit structure, largest cage of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . c) The units linking (b) connect these units such that the cluster adopts an expanded face-cantered-cubic arrangement of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . The structure represented via linkers missing (d) and metals missing (e) or defect structure on MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) .
Secondary building units (SBUs) are molecular entities in which ligand coordination modes and metal coordination environments can provide the transformation of these components into extensive porous networks in combination with poly-topic linkers. 2 The synthetic method generally consists of mixing two solutions containing the hydrophilic metal and the hydrophobic organic component (organic linker) , using hydrothermal or solvothermal techniques. Large varieties of metal atoms in their stable oxidation states, i.e., alkaline, alkaline earth, transition metal, and rare earth elements have been successfully used in the
synthesis of MOFs. In case of the organic linker, usually rigid systems are preferred over flexible ones as they give crystalline, porous, and stable MOFs. Different varieties of organic linkers have been used but mostly polycarboxylic molecules and polyazaheterocycles are used.
MOFs are one of the most speedily rising fields in chemical and material sciences, not only due to the fascinating structural topologies but also because of their potential as functional materials in various applications. MOFs are currently eliciting noteworthy attention for their prospective applications in gas storage, purification, molecular sensing, drug delivery, biomedicines, photoluminescence, molecular based magnetisms, and photo catalysis. 3
One of the most distinct areas of MOF’s research is heterogeneous catalysis. MOF based catalysis depends on the active sites; both metal centers and organic linker contribute to catalytic activity. Especially, the organic bridging linkers may be used as scaffolds to which distinct catalytic complexes, bio-molecules, and homogeneous catalysts can be immobilized or encapsulated. The synthetic flexibility of MOF enables considerable control over size and environment of the pores, allowing selectivity to be tuned more effectively. MOF pores can serve as guest hosts for small molecules (active homogeneous catalysts) or as supports for metal or metal oxide nanoparticles and even enzymes. These properties can be changed via chemical synthesis, which distinguish MOFs from other nanoporous materials such as zeolites and activated carbons. A wide variety of MOFs have been designed with various transition metals as well as different polytopic ligands and screened in heterogeneous catalysis of organic transformations but still there are hundreds of MOF materials that have not been explored for catalysis. Therefore, the use of MOFs in catalysis is extremely broad and increasing continuously. The chemical industry has emerged as a vibrant part of the world economy. However, the production of chemicals also leads to a massive magnitude of environmentally harmful wastes. Heterogeneous catalysis is playing an increasingly imperative role in chemical manufacturing, often with the result of a major reduction in waste. For economic and environmental reasons, there is a huge incentive to replace homogeneous by green and efficient heterogeneous catalytic systems. Heterogeneous catalysis is superior to homogeneous for easier separation, reusability, minimized waste, green and, clean products. The high porosity of MOFs allows fast mass transport and/or interactions with substrates. The use of MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts has presented a significance increase in the last two decades as they have been considered as an eco-friendly alternative for catalysis. Separation of the reaction products and the catalyst reusability, less leaching problems make MOFs as an active heterogeneous catalyst. The controllable topology,
geometry of framework, and tunable pore functionality render them highly attractive in future to various applications especially in heterogeneous catalysis.
Although, MOFs appear as a new opportunist in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and hundred publications of MOF catalysis are reported, there is a need to ensure its stability, activity and selectivity under reaction conditions.
Ideal MOFs are marked by a perfect crystal structure in which the cell unites are faultless arranged, however, this ideal MOF structure is an utopian model. The real crystal structure always deviates from the perfect or ideal structure due to the presence of un-uniformed structures which are called “defects structure” and are homogeneously spread in these materials. 4 These defects give rise to specific MOF properties and can be tailored for specific applications for a variety of applications. For example in gas storage and separation, sensing, drug delivery etc. Generally, defect structures present in solid materials significantly affect their physical and chemical properties such as the spin frustration in cooperative paramagnets, thermoelectric parameters, and formation of polar nanodomains in relax or ferroelectrics structures and particularly for surface active sites in sensing, catalysis applications. Also, the defect structures in MOFs can drastically enhance adsorption of gases such as hydrogen (H2) , methane (CH4) , carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) gas, as well as catalytic applications depending on the presence of acid or/and basic sites. The metal type and content and the variety of organic ligands in MOFs are a great source of active sites, which can act as reactive centers in many catalytic reactions. Application of MOFs in catalysis is rapidly growing, which is reflected by a wide range of catalyzed reaction such as cyanosilation, isomerization, hydrogenation, oxidation, tran-esterification, photocatalysis etc. 5 Notably, the advantage of applying MOFs as catalysts is related to their heterogeneous nature, which is superior to homogeneous catalysis because of easier separation, reusability, minimized waste, green and, clean products.
Regardless the well-defined structure of MOFs, their catalytic applications are largely hampered because the metal/cluster is usually completely coordinated and blocked by organic linkers6 Therefore, the design of defect structures in MOFs can possibly enhance the amount of catalytic sites at the nodes of these frameworks. 23 7 Tailoring the defects in MOFs is essential for establishing the structure-property relationships for targeted applications, such as shape-and size-selective adsorption, and complex site-driven catalysis and sensing. Until today, two strategies have been applied and investigated for the generation of defect
structures. The first strategy uses a proper mixture of mono-and/or poly-dentate ligands to create the defects in MOFs. 8-10 Similarly, the ratio of linker/metal is crucial in the design and creation of defect structures, however, this is limited to certain MOFs (bearing many linkers in one secondary building unit such as UiO-66 (Zr) or UiO-66 (Hf) ) 11-13 The second strategy is focused on the acceleration of synthesis via addition of a strong deprotonating agent resulting in a very fast reaction (kinetically driven process) leading to the creation of defect structures while still retaining the original MOF structure. 14, 15
While variations of these synthesis routes are well-known in the area of MOFs, however, so far the relation between various synthesis procedures and defect creation in MOFs has not been studied yet. Since the synthesis procedure determines often if the crystal growth is thermodynamically or kinetically driven, in this invention we proved that it has a pronounced effect on the creation of defect structures within MOF frameworks generating iMOFs. We proved that a proper selection and/or modification of the synthesis procedure can markedly affect the morphology and properties of MOFs, since the crystallization rate is essential in the crystal growth process and formation of defect structures, which have a pronounced effect on the adsorption and catalytic properties of these materials. However, the available literature on the formation of defect structures during growth of MOF crystals is extremely rare and the relation between these defects and the catalytic activity is still poorly understood.
For the above reason there is still an urgent need for procedures allowing creation of iMOFs in a straightforward and controllable manner and for a relationship between the amount of defects and the catalytic performance of iMOFs in specific catalytic reactions, gas adsorption and separation.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
The main objective of the present invention is the creation of iMOF materials via different synthesis procedures as well as the quantitative assessment of the defects in iMOFs which are created via different synthesis procedure. The second objective is the unexpected finding that defect structures are involved in the enhancement of the catalytic activity in a reaction using these materials as catalysts. Finally, the advancement and understanding of defect structures certainly will open new opportunities for multipurpose application of MOF materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention describes procedures to synthesize iMOFs exposing dramatically different properties compared with the same MOFs prepared in a conventional manner. The crystallization rate in various synthesis methods is involved in the structure arrangement and defect structure creation which influences the structure properties, morphologies, porosities and surface chemistry properties etc. These results were deduced and supported from crystal morphologies which are related to the rate of crystallization or crystal growth, from surface and porosity properties evaluation from adsorption measurements, and from temperature decomposition analysis. Furthermore, the crystal framework remains as been proven from the XRD pattern and coordination functional group analysis. The diversity of defect structures correlates with active sites and thus also with the catalytic performance which is confirmed via example of catalytic reactions. The high catalytic performance of iMOFs from this invention is related to the presence of more acid and basic sites occurring on defect structure. The use of TPD applying CO, CO2, NH3, generate an understanding of the nature and the amount (concentration) of defects. Knowledge of the nature and amount of defects is of utmost importance to decide which imperfect Metal organic framework is suitable for a certain catalytic reaction.
The present invention provides a defect structure creating procedure during iMOFs synthesis. The iMOFs in the present invention comprise metal ions and organic ligands. The metal ions used in the invention are those usually employed for the preparation of MOFs, which can be selected from the group consist: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metals, lanthanide series and actinide series.
The alkali metals can be selected from the group as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr and mixtures thereof. The alkaline earth metals can be selected from the group as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra and mixtures thereof. The transition metals can be selected from Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, lr, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg and mixtures thereof. The post-transition metals can be selected from the group as Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Po and mixtures thereof. The lanthanide series can be selected from the group as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and mixtures thereof and actinide series, such as Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr and mixtures thereof.
Preferably the metal for use in the formation of iMOF is a single metal or mixtures thereof.
The organic ligands or struts applied for building iMOF structures of present invention are mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-dentate ligands bearing carboxy-, amine-, nitro-groups or a mixture thereof, which can be selected from the group consist:
oxalic acid, ethyloxalic acid, fumaric acid, 1, 3, 5-bezene tribenzoic acid (BTB) , benzene tribiphenylcarboxylic acid (BBC) , 1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) , 2-amino-1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (NH2-BDC) , 4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid, cyclobutyl-1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid, benzene tricarboxylic acid, 2, 6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDC) , 1, 1'-biphenyl-4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC) , 2, 2'-bipyridyl-5, 5'-dicarboxylic acid, adamantine tetracarboxylic acid (ATC) , biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (BPTC) , tetrahydropyrene-2, 7-dicarboxylic acid (HPDC) , dihdroxyterephthalic acid (DHBC) , pyrene-2, 7-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) , pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, tetratopic-, 3, 6, 8- (p-benzoate) pyrene (TBAPy) , tetracarboxylic acid phenyl porphyrine (TCPP) , octacarboxylic acid phenyl porphyrine (OCPP) , acetylene dicarboxylic acid (ADC) , imidazole, 2-methylimidazolate, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) and derivatives and substituted derivates thereof.
While variations of routes to synthesize MOFs are well-known, however, procedures related to implement defect structures has never been described till now. Because the synthesis procedure is the determining factor, which contribute to the structure during crystal growth of iMOFs, changing the synthesis procedure can markedly affect the morphology and properties of these materials, since the crystallization rate or structure growth is involved to organize the crystal structure including the defect structures of these materials.
Till today, commonly used procedures to synthesize MOFs are described in Example 1: solvothermal (SV) , Example 2: microwave (MW) , Example 3: room temperature (RT) and Example 4: spray drying (SP) method. The defect structures in iMOF materials are related to the catalytic performance as evaluated in Example 10: Ring opening polymerization and Example 11: Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Probe molecules applied for temperature program desorption (TPD) are used to understand the active sites in the catalyst (iMOF) and are correlated with the defect structures in the iMOF materials (Example 8) . These experimental techniques can demonstrate the relative concentration of defects in the iMOF materials. Furthermore, more series of iMOFs and reactions were used to investigate that the amount of defect structures differs according the applied synthesis procedure. Accordingly,
depending on the applied procedure, various defect concentrations can be generated that are involved as active sites in catalytic performance of iMOFs.
Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) belong to a subclass of MOFs having metal nodes (Zn, Co) coordinated with imidazolate linkers (IM) that form porous structures similar to zeolites. 16 ZIF-8 consists of Zn-ions bridged with 2-methylimidazole (2-IM) and represents a sodalite zeolite-type topology in MOF materials see in figure 1. ZIF-8 of this invention, exhibits a very high surface area, its structure is chemically (including water) and thermally stable, and catalytically active, and was therefore used as the criteria for the MOF platform for catalytic applications. ZIF-8 is an ideal candidate for numerous industrial applications among the MOFs. 17 The ZIF-8 series was prepared by using different methods to demonstrate the effect of synthesis procedure on the amount of created defect structures.
Powder X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystallinity in ZIF-8 obtained via different synthesis methods. The XRD patterns of the ZIF-8 samples obtained by different methods show only small differences in the normalized intensities using the [011] reflection plane. From this normalization it was found that for different synthesis procedures of ZIF-8 the patterns remain unchanged and are in excellent agreement with the simulated pattern between 2θ values of 5 and 30°. These results confirm that ZIF-8 crystals obtained via different synthesis procedures are isostructural with the simulated pattern and the high intensity revealed high crystallinity.
Comparison was made between the FTIR spectra of the ZIF-8 series (obtained via different synthesis procedures) , with 2-methylimodazole (ligand) The two bands at 3135 and 2928 cm-
1 present the stretching frequencies of the aromatic C-H and aliphatic C-H bonds respectively, and the band at 1606 cm-1 is related to the C=C stretch. In the region between 1100 -1400 cm-1 the C-N adsorption bands can be found. The absorption band at 421 cm-1 represents the Zn-N stretching mode and is in good agreement with the reported literature. 18 Several FTIR bands significantly changed after the ZIF-8 generation evidencing the establishment of the coordination between metal ions/nodes and organic ligands and thus forming the frameworks.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the crystal morphology and to estimate the average crystal size. The SEM images reveal different morphologies and sizes of the crystals depending on the synthesis procedure. The cube shape was observed for the ZIF-8 sample obtained by spray drying method (ZIF-8-SP) , while the microwave-assisted
synthesis produced more spherical-like crystals (ZIF-8-MW) but with smaller particle size (particle sizes of ZIF-8-SP and ZIF-8-MW were ~3μm and 0.2μm, respectively) . The rhombic dodecahedron crystals were obtained by using conventional room temperature synthesis (ZIF-8-RT) and the well-defined truncated rhombic dodecahedral crystals were formed during solvothermal synthesis (ZIF-8-SV) . Furthermore, the average size of crystals obtained via room temperature conventional synthesis is much smaller than that for crystals prepared by solvothermal method (ZIF-8-RT: 50ηm and ZIF-8-SV: 60μm) . So, in general the following sequence of crystal size is obtained for the different procedures: ZIF-8-SV > ZIF-8-SP > ZIF-8-MW > ZIF-8-RT.
Recently, the mechanism of structure evolution as a function of time for crystallization of ZIF-8 under solvothermal conditions was established on the basis of the in-situ EDXRD and SEM studies17-19. It was shown that in the case of solvothermal synthesis of ZIF-8 the evolution of crystals started with a cube-shaped crystal morphology in the initial stage and ended with a rhombic dodecahedral shape in the final product. 19 Similar results were observed for MOF-14 by Millange and co-worker. 20 The aforementioned works are useful to explain the results of this invention. The structure evolution is affected by the preparation procedure a fast crystal growth occurs during spray drying synthesis (SP) , which assures rapid crystallization (small droplets and growth accelerated by short heating time) and a stable cube-shaped morphology. Longer crystal growth transforms the cube-shaped morphology into a truncated-cube edged morphology, represented by a rhombic dodecahedron. This gradual evolution in the ZIF-8 crystal shape from cubic morphology (spray drying synthesis) to the rhombic dodecahedron morphology is formed respectively under microwave, conventional room temperature and solvothermal conditions.
Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal stability of the ZIF-8 samples obtained by the different procedures (SP, MW, RT, SV) . The TG curves start from room temperature up to 350℃ displaying a good thermal stability of the frameworks for all samples. The first thermal event observed from 350 to 450 ℃, corresponds to the exothermic decomposition of the partial bridging ligand (2-MIM) , which is in a good agreement with literature. 17 It is worth noting that before TG analyses all samples were activated at 200 ℃ under vacuum for 200 min and as a consequence no solvent molecules and guest molecules were detected in the thermogram. For the ZIF-8-SP sample the highest weight loss was observed during 350 –400 ℃. For the ZIF-8-SP sample the highest weight loss was observed at 350 –400 ℃ and could be assigned to the defect structures (missing coordination) between ligands and metal clusters (nodes) , which weakens interactions and
consequently, results in higher weight loss. Similar effects were also observed on the TG profiles for UiO-66 bearing defect structures (missing link) . The sharp weight loss observed in the second step starting around 600 ℃ (except for ZIF-8-RT around 350 ℃) indicates the decomposition of the ZIF-8 framework and finally produces ZnO.
The comparison in surface area and porosity of these materials were investigated by N2 adsorption experiments. The N2 adsorption results display an isotherm Type I containing micro-pore structures which is also supported by the pore size distribution. The surface area, and porosity properties were calculated applying Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Langmuir models. From these calculations it is clear that ZIF-8-RT possess the highest surface area and largest porosity (pore volume and pore size) . The following trend could be observed in the samples: ZIF-8-RT > ZIF-8-MW > ZIF-8-SP > ZIF-8-SV (smallest) . Furthermore, a small hysteresis loop on the N2 isotherm for ZIF-8-MW (P/P0 > 0.9) and a larger one on the isotherm for ZIF-8-RT indicates some secondary porosity between agglomerated ZIF-8 crystals. Additionally, the surface area and pore volume obtained for ZIF-8-RT are in an excellent agreement with analogous data reported in literature. 17 These results suggest the presence of two pore types (micro-and meso-pores) in the materials. These two samples (ZIF-8-RT and ZIF-8-MW) possess a higher surface area and this could be explained by the presence of the two types of pores but also by their crystal size (SEM) , both samples have a smaller crystal size. The combination of the mixed pores with the smaller crystal size results in a higher surface area of these two samples.
In order to investigate the relation between the amount of defect structures with the chemical properties of these MOFs, some catalytic reactions were selected as indicators to probe the catalytic activity of the MOFs. There are three possible hypotheses to describe the nature of the catalytic site within the MOF; a) the apparently saturated nod, b) the temporarily de-coordination to allow the creation of transient species and c) irregular frameworks or defect structures which are expected to have a high potential for catalytic active site. 21, 22The defect structures are effectively involved in the activity of catalytic reaction as shown in Example 10 and 11.
Synthetic polymers have been up-scaled in industry since the 1940s, while nowadays, environment friendly procedures are of interest in polymer synthesis, manufacturing. Biodegradable polymers have been considered as alternative polymers having unique environmental friendly properties. Moreover, non-toxic compounds are released during
hydrolysis of biodegradable plastics in physiological media applied in biomedical devices. The cyclic lactone monomer or lactide (LA) is one of the monomers used for the synthesis of a biodegradable polymer via the ring opening polymerization.
The catalyst is the major parameter in this polymerization. Accordingly, there is still a need for new catalysts that are environmental friendly and harmless. Here we report for the first time the use of MOFs, e.g. ZIF-8, Zn-DABCO, MOF-5, as heterogeneous catalyst for the ring opening polymerization of L-lactide. After screening of the efficiency of the catalyst (ZIF-8) the following performance sequence was observed from high to low: SP > MW > RT > SV. Moreover, the same performance sequence was obtained using Zn-DABCO as a catalyst (obtained via different procedures; SP, MW, SV) .
The Knoevenagel condensation reaction is very important in the context of the pharmaceutical industry. This reaction is a classic C-C bond formation between aldehydes or ketones and malonnitril. In this study 4-bromobenzaldehyde and malononitrile are used as substrates and ZIF-8 series (SP, MW, RT, SV) as catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction. It was observed that ZIF-8-SP demonstrated the highest catalytic performance followed by, ZIF-8-MW, ZIF-8-RT and ZIF-8-SV respectively.
To find a reasonable explanation for the high activity of the spray dried ZIF-8 sample temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analyses were performed. After integration of the peak of NH3 desorption (NH3-TPD) starting from room temperature up to 270℃ (and holding the temperature constant) an approximate value of the acid sites (Lewis and ) can be found, see figure 4a and 5b. It was clearly demonstrated that ZIF-8 synthesized by spray drying (ZIF-8-SP) possesses the highest value of acid sites followed by ZIF-8-MW, ZIF-8-RT and ZIF-8-SV, respectively. These results correlate perfect with the observed trend in catalytic performance of the ZIF-8 samples generated via different procedures.
Furthermore, CO2-TPD analyses were performed in order to investigate the basic properties of the different ZIF-8 samples. Also here the ZIF-8 synthesized by spray drying (ZIF-8-SP) possesses the highest value of basic sites followed by ZIF-8-MW, ZIF-8-RT and ZIF-8-SV, respectively (Fig. 4b and 5b) . These results are in excellent agreement with the observed trends in acid sites and catalytic performance of the different ZIF-8 samples (SP, MW, RT, SV) .
The acid and basic properties of ZIF-8 have been investigated and reported in previous work of Chizallet. 21 They demonstrated that ZIF-8 has strong Lewis acid sites (in particular Zn2+ species) together with basic ones (2-methylimidazolate, ligands) using FT-IR CO adsorption analyses combined with DFT calculations. 21 Moreover, in general for many catalytic reactions it is reported that acidic and basic sites are reactive centers in catalytic reactions to obtain a good catalytic performance. 22 This assumption confirmed that those sites are present and are represented by the “defects” of ZIF-8. The amount of these reactive centers depends on the synthesis procedure e.g. SP, MW, SV, RT and a correlation can be made between the amount of defects and the catalytic performance (the higher the amount of defects the better the catalytic performance) .
The obtained results from different catalytic reactions applying MOFs prepared via different procedures (SP, MW, SV, RT) , although the MOFs have the same crystal structure (confirmed by XRD) they demonstrate that the catalytic activity is related to the amount of defects (acid and basic sites) which on its turn is related to the synthesis procedure. SP introduces more defects in the MOF structure and as a consequence the spray dried MOF displays a higher catalytic activity. 23 To investigate MOF materials on their defect structure on a molecular level, using suitable characterization methods with existing techniques is still a bottle-neck. Most techniques used to identify defects are based on imaging such as AFM, SEM, TEM, FMM etc, weight loss of missing linker or guest molecules (TGA, MS etc. ) and patterns and/or lattice information (XRD) . One technique to investigate defect structures in MOFs applies probe molecules. The probe molecules are important to elucidate the nature of defects, defects amounts (concentration) and also to investigate the modified adsorption or reactive properties of defect structures. The use of various probe molecules has been reported including CO, CO2, CD3CN etc. CO as probe is generally used to investigate the active site in heterogeneous catalysts. Recently, the application of CO as probe molecule combined with FTIR to observe the exposed defect structures on Cu species in HKUST-1 have been reported4, 24-26 However, this technique is limited since it can only collect information of the surface and of the presence of defect structures (qualitative) . The occupation of defect sites by CO molecules is thermodynamically favored over the occupation of regular lattice sites. 25, 26 Furthermore, Wenge et al. reported that the CO molecules could coordinated on the open metal-site, which is one type of the defect structures, in the HKUST-1.27 A direct method to identify defect structures and the quantitative data is still missing till today. Therefore, as we reasoned that there is a direct relation between amount of defects and catalytic performance we hypothesized that applying the chemi-physical adsorption or temperature program desorption using CO molecules as
probe gas (CO-TPD) to investigate the defect structures on MOFs could provide us with the quantitative amount of defects which is related to the catalytic sites.
The coordination phenomenon of adsorption was illustrated by interaction of adsorbate (CO molecule) with the defect site. There are three adsorption possibilities: i) a 1: 1 stoichiometry in which one defect is coordinated with one adsorbate molecule, ii) a n : 1 stoichiometry, n >1 means one adsorbate coordinates to more than one defect, iii) a 1 : m stoichiometry, m >1 in which one defect coordinates more than one adsorbate. The coordination numbers of real material may vary because of different crystallographic faces, edges, steps, point defects and dislocations. However, the most common interaction is the 1: 1 stoichiometry formation. 28 This result further confirms that MOFs obtained by spray drying (e.g. ZIF-8-SP) display the highest adsorption of CO molecules by CO-TPD (Fig. 5a, b) , indicating a high contribution from defect structures in the material and thus representing a large amount of active sites (a large amount of acid sites observed in NH3-TPD and a large amount of basic site observed in CO2-TPD) .
The above-mentioned characterization and catalytic performance results highlight the impact of synthesis procedure of MOFs, with the unexpected behavior attributed to the defect structures (defects) . Furthermore, this is a totally different approach then the in literature described method to create defects via addition of a ligand having one functionality less than the strut ligand, for example, a carboxylate group, etc. 29 The formation of the later is often affected by synthetic conditions. In this invention it was found that the growth rate of crystallization in crystal materials such as MOFs is an important parameter and significantly create defect structures in the material. The different methods to synthesize MOFs have been used to create varies defect structure densities of which their properties were investigated and showed different catalytic activities. This catalytic performance is a measure of defects. Using CO-TPD is a new and sensitive tool for the detection of defects in MOFs.
Finally, high concentrations of defects can result in the formation of correlated or large-scale defects through clustering of point defects. Correlation here means that the probability of forming a defect at a certain location in the crystal lattice depends on the presence of defects in the vicinity of this location. In essence, such large-scale defects present that: a) might greatly affect mass-transport pathways (important in sorption and catalysis) , b) could reduce network rigidity and density, c) bring out unique electronic, magnetic, and optical functionalities and anomalous mechanical properties (e.g. negative thermal expansion, pressure-induced softening, and crystalline–amorphous switching) d) may bring benefits to
realize complex catalytically active sites, for example, rearranged coordinated unsaturated sites (CUSs) that can operate in a cooperative manner, for targeted catalytic reactions.
References:
1. O.K. Farha; I. Eryazici; N.C. Jeong; B.G. Hauser; C.E. Wilmer; A.A. Sarjeant; R.Q. Snurr; S.T. Nguyen; A.O.z.r. Yazaydin; J.T. Hupp, J.Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134 (36) , 15016-15021.
2. D.J. Tranchemontagne; J.L. Mendoza-Cortés; M. O’Keeffe; O.M. Yaghi, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38 (5) , 1257-1283.
3. S. Chaemchuen; N.A. Kabir; K. Zhou; F. Verpoort, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42 (24) , 9304-9332.
4. Z. Fang; B. Bueken; D.E. De Vos; R.A. Fischer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (25) , 7234-7254.
5. Q. Yang; Y. -Z. Chen; Z.U. Wang; Q. Xu; H. -L. Jiang, Chem. Commun. 2015, F.X.L.i Xamena; A. Abad; A. Corma; H. Garcia, J. Catal. 2007, 250 (2) , 294-298.
6. Llabrés i Xamena, F.X., Corma, A. & Garcia, H. Applications for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as quantum dot semiconductors. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 80-85 (2007) .
7. Canivet, J., Vandichel, M. & Farrusseng, D. Origin of highly active metal–organic framework catalysts: defects? Defects! Dalton Trans. (2016) 45, 4090-4099.
8. Barin, G. et al. Defect Creation by Linker Fragmentation in Metal–Organic Frameworks and Its Effects on Gas Uptake Properties. Inorg. Chem. 53, 6914-6919 (2014)
9. Valvekens, P. et al. Base catalytic activity of alkaline earth MOFs: a (micro) spectroscopic study of active site formation by the controlled transformation of structural anions. Chem. Sci. 5, 4517-4524 (2014) .
10. Gutov, O.V., Hevia, M.G.l., Escudero-Adán, E.C. & Shafir, A. Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Defects under Control: Insights into the Missing Linker Sites and Their Implication in the Reactivity of Zirconium-Based Frameworks. Inorg. Chem. 54, 8396-8400 (2015) .
11. Cliffe, M.J. et al. Correlated defect nanoregions in a metal–organic framework. Nat. Commun. 5 (2014) .
12. Wu, H. et al. Unusual and highly tunable missing-linker defects in zirconium metal–organic framework UiO-66 and their important effects on gas adsorption. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 10525-10532 (2013) .
13. Shearer, G.C. et al. Defect Engineering: Tuning the Porosity and Composition of the Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66. Chemistry of Materials, doi: 10.1021/acs. chemmater. 6b00602 (2016) .
14. Ravon, U. et al. Engineering of coordination polymers for shape selective alkylation of large aromatics and the role of defects. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 129, 319-329 (2010) .
15. Huang, L. et al. Synthesis, morphology control, and properties of porous metal–organic coordination polymers. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 58, 105-114 (2003) .
16. Park, K.S. et al. Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 10186-10191 (2006) .
17. Schejn, A. et al. Controlling ZIF-8 nano-and microcrystal formation and reactivity through zinc salt variations. CrystEngComm 16, 4493-4500 (2014) .
18. Vasconcelos, I.B. et al. Cytotoxicity and slow release of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin from ZIF-8. RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 9437-9442.
19. Cravillon, J. et al. Formate modulated solvothermal synthesis of ZIF-8 investigated using time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. CrystEngComm 14, 492-498 (2012) .
20. U. Ravon; M.E. Domine; C. Gaudillere; A. Desmartin-Chomel; D. Farrusseng, New J. Chem. 2008, 32 (6) , 937-940.
21. C. Chizallet; S. Lazare; D. Bazer-Bachi; F. Bonnier; V. Lecocq; E. Soyer; A. -A. Quoineaud; N. Bats, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (35) , 12365-12377.
22. Jacobsen, S., Fritz, H. -G., Degée, P., Dubois, P. & R. New developments on the ring opening polymerisation of polylactide. Ind. Crops Prod. 11, 265-275 (2000) .
23 H. Wu; Y.S. Chua; V. Krungleviciute; M. Tyagi; P. Chen; T. Yildirim; W. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (28) , 10525-10532, M. Feyand; E. Mugnaioli; F. Vermoortele; B. Bueken; J.M. Dieterich; T. Reimer; U. Kolb; D. De Vos; N. Stock, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51 (41) , 10373-10376.
24. H. Noei; S. Amirjalayer; M. Müller; X. Zhang; R. Schmid; M. Muhler; R.A. Fischer; Y. Wang, ChemCatChem 2012, 4 (6) , 755-759.
25. P. St Petkov; G.N. Vayssilov; J. Liu; O. Shekhah; Y. Wang; C. T. Heine, ChemPhysChem 2012, 13 (8) , 2025-2029.
26. N. Drenchev; E. Ivanova; M. Mihaylov; K. Hadjiivanov, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12 (24) , 6423-6427.
27. Q. Wenge; W. Yu; L. Chuanqiang; Z. Zongcheng; Z. Xuehong; G. Zhang; W. Rui; H. Hong, Chin. J. Catal. 2012, 33 (4) , 986-992.
29. M. Cliffe; W. Wan; X. Zou, X. Coudert and AL Goodwin, Nat. Commun 2014, 5, 4176; Z. Fang; J.P. Dürholt; M. Kauer; W. Zhang; C. Lochenie; B. Jee; B. Albada; N. Metzler-Nolte; A. B. Weber, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136 (27) , 9627-9636.
30. K.S. Park; Z. Ni; A.P. J.Y. Choi; R. Huang; F.J. Uribe-Romo; H.K. Chae; M. O’Keeffe; O.M. Yaghi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2006, 103 (27) , 10186-10191.
31. S. Chaemchuen; K. Zhou; N.A. Kabir; Y. Chen; X. Ke; G. Van Tendeloo; F. Verpoort, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2015, 201, 277-285.
32. B. Chen; X. Wang; Q. Zhang; X. Xi; J. Cai; H. Qi; S. Shi; J. Wang; D. Yuan; M. Fang, J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20 (18) , 3758-3767.
33. C.M. Miralda; E.E. Macias; M. Zhu; P. Ratnasamy; M.A. Carreon, ACS Catal. 2011, 2 (1) , 180-183.
34. D.J. Tranchemontagne; J.R. Hunt; O.M. Yaghi, Tetrahedron 2008, 64 (36) , 8553-8557.
The invention is described further with reference to the following non-limiting examples and the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 The MOFs and ZIFs structure comparison; a) The fundamental bridging unit of MOFs frameworks (Left) , bridging angles unit in metal imidazolate of ZIFs (Right) . b) The single unit structure, largest cage of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . c) The units linking (b) connect these units such that the cluster adopts an expanded face-cantered-cubic arrangement of MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) . The structure represented via linkers missing (d) and metals missing (e) or defect structure on MOFs (Left) and ZIFs (Right) .
Figure 2 The synthesis ZIF-8 by different procedure (Spray drying: ZIF-8-SP, Microwave: ZIF-8-MW, Room temperature: ZIF-8-RT, Solvothermal: ZIF-8-SV) and their accompanying XRD patterns (a) For one type of MOF, e.g. ZIF-8, the synthesized ZIF-8 sample obtained using different procedure all show the same XRD pattern. The same is true for other MOF-types e.g. MOF-5, Zn-DABCO. (b) The crystal morphology, shape and size investigated by
SEM technique. (c) The crystal morphology evolution with rate of crystallization influenced by the procedure in MOFs synthesis from rapid to slow growth (top to down direction) presented by the cube shape to the rhombic dodecahedron shape.
Figure 3 The N2 adsorp-desorption isotherm of ZIF-8 series. The linear portion of the plot between 0.02-0.06 is used to calculate a surface area (SBET and Langmuir) .
Figure 4 Temperature program desorption profiles a) NH3-TPD, b) CO2-TPD. The peak integration of temperature program desorption using CO2 and NH3 as a probe gas which represent the quantity of the acid value (NH3-TPD) , base value (CO2-TPD) and defect value (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series which are prepared by different procedure.
Figure 5 Temperature program desorption profile a) CO-TPD, b) The integration values of the peak area of temperature program desorption using CO2, NH3 and CO as probe gas representing the quantitative amounts of acid (NH3-TPD) , base (CO2-TPD) and defects (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series prepared by different procedure.
Figure 6 Effect of synthesis procedure on the thermal stability of ZIF-8 series.
Figure 7 The catalytic activity of MOFs (ZIF-8) obtained via different synthesis procedure; The Knoevenagel condensation reaction, condensation was conducted for 0.5 and 2 h at room temperature and isolated yields of 2- (4-bromobenzylidene) malononitril. (Synthesis procedure: SV = Solvothermal or conventional, RT = Room temperature, SP = Spray drying, MW = Microwave) .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLES
Example 1 The conventional/solvothermal synthesis (SV) of MOFs
ZIF-8
The ZIF-8-SV synthesis was adapted of previously literature report30. The metal source 0.42g (1.606 mmol) of Zn (NO3) ·4H2O and 0.12g (1.462 mmol) 2-methylimidazole or 2-MIM were dissolved in 32 ml of DMF. The solution was transferred to Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (35ml) and heated in programmable oven at 5℃/min to 140℃ and held for 24 h.
The light yellow solid product separated from mother liquor and was washed with DMF for three times, immerse in methanol for 3 day and drying at room temperature under vacuum for 12h.
Zn-DABCO
The Zn-DABCO was synthesized according to our previous reported. 31 A solution of Zn(NO2) 3·6H2O (1.609g, 5.41mmol) and terephthalic acid (0.83g, 5 mmol) in DMF (30ml) and 1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (0.28g, 2.5mmol) in 30 ml of DMF were mixed in Teflon-line autoclave (100 ml) under stirred for 10 min. The mixture was transferred to Teflon-line autoclave and placed in an oven and heated program using a heating program of 1℃/min to 120℃ and held for 24 h. The obtained white solid product was then filtered and washed thoroughly with DMF to remove unreacted reagents followed by drying at room temperature (25-30℃) under vacuum overnight. The dried material was transferred into a vacuum desiccator for further use.
MOF-5
The MOF-5 was synthesized according to the literature. 32 The Zn (NO3) 2·6H2O (0.4399g, 1.4789 mmol) , terephthalic acid (0.1843g, 1.11mmol) were solved in solvent mixture of DMF (10ml) and small amount H2O (180μl) . The mixture was stirred in a Teflon-lined autoclave and heated for 120℃ for 48h. The obtained crystals were washed with DMF and dried at 150℃for 12h. The crystal was carefully stored under inert atmosphere.
Example 2 The room temperature synthesis MOFs
ZIF-8
The room temperature synthesis of ZIF-8 followed the previous reported procedure. 33 A solution of 1.756g (5.9 mmol) Zn (NO3) 2·6H2O in 11g of methanol and a solution of 0.66g (8 mmol) 2-methylimidazole in 11g of methanol were mixed under vigorous stirring for 24 h at room temperature. The white particles were corrected by centrifugation at 7000 rmp for 5 min and wash with methanol several times. The write solid product was dried at room temperature under vacuum for overnight.
MOF-5
The MOF-5 synthesis was adapted from the literature. 34 The terephthalic acid (5.065 g, 30.5 mmol) and triethylamine (8.5 mL) were dissolved in 400 mL of DMF. Zn (OAc) 2·2H2O (16.99
g, 77.4 mmol) was dissolved in 500 mL of DMF. The zinc salt solution was added to the organic solution with stirring over 15 min, forming a precipitate, and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 h. The precipitate was filtered and immersed in DMF (250 mL) overnight. It was then filtered again and immersed in CHCl3 (350 mL) . The product was evacuated overnight at 120 ℃ under vacuum for 6 h.
Example 3 The microwave synthesized MOFs
ZIF-8
The microwave-assistant synthesis of ZIF-8 was prepared from mixture of Zn (OAc) 2·2H2O (1.756 g, 8 mmol) and of 2-methylimidazole 0.66g (8 mmol) in 30 ml of DMF as solvent. The mixtures was transferred in in Teflon liner reactor and heated to 130℃ under a microwave power of 400W for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature the solid product was washed by DMF for 3 times then immersed in methanol for 3 days. The solid products filtrated and dried at room temperature under vacuum for overnight.
Zn-DABCO
The Zn-DABCO was synthesized from a solution of Zn (NO2) 3·6H2O (1.609g, 5.41mmol) , terephthalic acid (0.83g, 5 mmol) in DMF (30ml) and a solution of 1, 4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (0.28g, 2.5mmol) in 30 ml of DMF. The two solutions are mixed and transferred to a Teflon-liner reactor (100 ml) . The mixture was heating to 120 ℃ under microwave power 400W for 30 min. The white solid product was filtered and washed thoroughly with DMF to remove unreacted reagents followed by drying at room temperature (25-30℃) under vacuum overnight. The dried material was transferred into a vacuum desiccator for further use.
Example 4 The Spay drying synthesis MOFs
ZIF-8-SP
For the spray drying synthesis of ZIF-8-SP a AF-88 labs Spray dryer, AFIND Scientific instrument CO. LTD. was applied. A solution of Zn (OAc) 2·2H2O (1.765 g, 8.04 mmol) in water (25ml) mixed with a solution of 2-methylimodazolate (0.66 g, 8 mmol) in water (25ml) . The white suspension solution was used as the feed for the spray-dry machine using a spray nozzle 8 mm, at a feed rate of 300 ml/h, a flow rate of 160 m3/h and an inlet temperature of
180℃. The white powder was collected and washed following a two-step centrifugation/re-dispersion process with methanol for three day. Finally, the wet product was dried at room temperature under vacuum for 12h thereafter the temperature was raised to 60℃ for 6h. The final product was corrected and kept in desiccator.
Zn-DABCO
For the synthesis of Zn-DABCO the same procedure was used as for the synthesis of ZIF-8. A solution of Zn (NO3) 2·6H2O (0.362g, 1.22 mmol) , terephthalic acid (0.415g, 2.5 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) and a solution of 1, 4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (0.14 g, 1.15 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) were mixed and used as feed solution for spray-drying (similar conditions as for ZIF-8 spray drying synthesis) .
MOF-5
For the synthesis of MOF-5 the same procedure was used as for the synthesis of ZIF-8. A solution of Zn (OAc) 2·2H2O (1.1 g, 5 mmol) in DMF (25 ml) and a solution of terephthalic acid (0.33g, 2 mmol) in DMF (25 ml) were mixed and used as feed solution for spray-drying (similar conditions as for ZIF-8 spray drying synthesis) .
Example 5 The crystal and structure characteristics of MOFs prepared by different procedures
The crystals were analyzed by powder X-Ray Diffraction. Data were collected in 2θ ranging from 3-30°, with a scanning rate of 5 (°) /mim. For one type of MOF, e.g. ZIF-8, the synthesized ZIF-8 sample obtained using different procedure (Spray drying: SP, Microwave: MW, Room temperature: RT, Solvothermal: SV) all show the same patterns as presented in Fig. 2. The same is true for each MOF-type e.g. MOF-5, Zn-DABCO.
Fig. 2 The synthesis ZIF-8 by different procedure (Spray drying: ZIF-8-SP, Microwave: ZIF-8-MW, Room temperature: ZIF-8-RT, Solvothermal: ZIF-8-SV) and their accompanying XRD patterns (a) For one type of MOF, e.g. ZIF-8, the synthesized ZIF-8 sample obtained using different procedure all show the same XRD pattern. The same is true for other MOF-types e.g. MOF-5, Zn-DABCO. (b) The crystal morphology, shape and size investigated by SEM technique. (c) The crystal morphology evolution with rate of crystallization influenced by the
procedure in MOFs synthesis from rapid to slow growth (top to down direction) presented by the cube shape to the rhombic dodecahedron shape.
From this analysis it is demonstrated clearly that the synthesis procedure has a big influence on the crystal morphology. This has been verified for several different types of MOFs e.g. ZIF-8; MOF-5 and mixed ligand MOFs e.g. Zn-DABCO to proof that this is not limited to a certain MOF type and is a general property.
Example 6 Effect of the synthesis procedure of MOFs on their physical properties.
All gas adsorptions were measured by ASAP 2020 (Micromeritics) apparatus. The BET and Langmuir surface area were calculated at P/Po = 0.01-0.05 of nitrogen isotherm. The data of pore volume and pore size were estimated from H-K equation at the relative pressure of P/Po = 0.5. All the MOF samples were activated before analyses. The obtained results of ZIF-8 are depicted in Fig. 3. A comparison of the different physical properties obtained from the samples prepared via different synthesis procedures is given in Table 1.
Fig. 3: The N2 adsorp-desorption isotherm of ZIF-8 series. The linear portion of the plot
between 0.02-0.06 is used to calculate a surface area (SBET and Langmuir) .
Table 1. The properties of ZIF-8 series in surface area, porosity and gas uptake for different gases.
1Using the H-K method to calculate
2The particle size evaluated on the SEM picture
3The adsorption condition at 273K and pressure up to 1 atm.
Example 7 The chemical properties: acid and basic values
The chemisorption and temperature program desorption (TPD) technique have been used to evaluate the chemical properties in heterogeneous catalyst. Temperature program desorption using NH3 (NH3-TPD) and CO2 (CO2-TPD) as probe gas molecules to evaluate the acid and basic site, respectively, has been performed on the ZIF-8 series.
The samples were pretreated at 250℃ under carrier of He gas for 1h., then cooled down to the adsorption temperature at 25 ℃. NH3 and CO2 as a probe gas were introduced to the sample by continuous flow. The probe gas was adsorbed to saturation at adsorption temperature of 25 ℃ which can be observed from the stable TCD detector signal. The physically adsorbed gas on the samples was then removed by flushing the samples with He gas till a stable TCD signal was obtained. The temperature programmed desorption was measured using a TCD detector, temperature rising to 270 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/min.
The NH3-TPD peak patterns were similarly for the ZIF-8 series as shown in fig. 4a. The results clearly show two peaks at about 70 and 250℃, representing the amount weak acid sites (low temperature peak) and strong acid sites (high temperature peak) , respectively. The basic properties on materials were performed by CO2-TPD, applying similar conditions as for the NH3-TPD analysis. For the CO2 desorption (CO2-TPD) two peak at about 100℃ and 270 ℃ were observed. From the peak area integration the basic values were found, displaying a similar trend as for the acid properties and thus the amount of basic sites is the highest for ZIF-8-SP >ZIF-8-MW, ZIF-8-RT > ZIF-8-SV, respectively. The result revealed the applied synthesis procedure strongly influences the surface chemistry properties of MOFs such as ZIF-8 series shown in Fig. 4b.
Fig. 4 Temperature program desorption profiles a) NH3-TPD, b) CO2-TPD. The peak integration of temperature program desorption using CO2 and NH3 as a probe gas which represent the quantity of the acid value (NH3-TPD) , base value (CO2-TPD) and defect value (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series which are prepared by different procedure.
Example 8 Effect of synthesis procedure for MOFs on the amount of defect structure in MOFs
Investigation of the defects in MOFs using temperature program desorption of CO as a probe gas (CO-TPD) was used in this example. The samples were pretreated at 250℃ under carrier of He gas for 1h, then cooled to 25 ℃, the adsorption temperature. The CO probe gas was introduced to the sample using a continuous flow. The probe gas was adsorbed to saturation at the adsorption temperature of 25 ℃ which was observed from the stable signal of the TCD detector. Thereafter, the physically adsorbed probe gas was removed by flushing the samples with He gas till a stable TCD signal was obtained. The temperature programmed desorption was measured with a TCD detector, temperature rising to 270 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/min.
The CO-TPD plots obtained from the different samples exhibited a difference in the CO desorption. The peak area showed the following trend from high to low: ZIF-8-SP > ZIF-8-MW > ZIF-8-RT > ZIF-8-SV, respectively, see fig. 5a. Integration of the peak area of the adsorbed CO gas can be related to the quantity of defect structures of which the calculated results are presented in fig. 5b.
Fig. 5 Temperature program desorption profile a) CO-TPD, b) The integration values of the peak area of temperature program desorption using CO2, NH3 and CO as probe gas representing the quantitative amounts of acid (NH3-TPD) , base (CO2-TPD) and defects (CO-TPD) on ZIF-8 series prepared by different procedure.
Example 9 Effect of synthesis procedure on the thermal stability on MOFs such as ZIF-8 series.
The thermal stabilities of the MOFs were tested by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) from room temperature up to 800℃ with heating rate 10℃/min under Ar atmosphere (20 cc/mim) . All the ZIF-8 samples were activated at 200℃ under vacuum for 3h before TGA analysis see Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 Effect of synthesis procedure on the thermal stability of ZIF-8 series.
Example 10 The Polymerization reaction using MOFs as a catalyst
L-lactide polymerization was carried out by solvent-free bulk polymerization method (results in Table 2) . Prior to use, ZIF-8 was activated at 200 ℃ for 3 h with a temperature rate 1
℃/min under vacuum. A mixture of freshly prepared ZIF-8 (10 mg) and L-lactide (633 mg) were charged into a dry Schlenk flask in glove box. The Schlenk flask was sealed and then immersed in the oil bath at 160 ℃ for 3 h. The reaction was terminated by cooling the flask in an ice bath (0 ℃) . After cooling to ambient temperature, the crude polymer was dried in vacuo. The monomer conversion was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy (integration of methine resonances at δ = 5.05 ppm for the monomer vs. δ = 5.16 ppm for the polymer) . Gel Permeation Chromatography (tetrahydrofuran) was used to determine the molecular weights (Mn and Mw) of as-prepared polylactide. A dichloromethane solution of the reaction mixture was filtered to remove ZIF-8 catalyst, and the filtrate was collected and evaporated to dryness. The pure polymer was precipitated from methanol and washed repeatedly with methanol, then dried in vacuo to a constant weight.
Table 2. The summarized results ring opening polymerization of L-lactide
Example 11 The Knoevenagel condensation reaction using MOFs as a catalyst
4-Bromobenzaldehyde (0.0925 g, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of toluene, the ZIF-8 catalyst series (9.2 mg, 0.04 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. Malononitrile was then injected (0.189 mL, 3 mmol) and the reaction was conducted with glove box of Ar gas the mixture for 5 h at room temperature. After centrifugation and concentration of the toluene phase, the crude reaction mixtures were analyzed by 1H NMR. (500 MHz, CDCl3) to determine the yield-%, see Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 The catalytic activity of MOFs (ZIF-8) obtained via different synthesis procedure; The Knoevenagel condensation reaction, condensation was conducted for 0.5 and 2 h at room temperature and yields of 2- (4-bromobenzylidene) malononitril. (Synthesis procedure: SV = Solvothermal or conventional, RT = Room temperature, SP = Spray drying, MW = Microwave) .
Claims (32)
- An imperfect metal organic frameworks (iMOFs) material containing defect structures (defects) .
- The iMOFs material according to claim 1, wherein the imperfect metal organic frameworks are ideal MOFs containing defect structures which are selected from uncoordinated metal sites and/or from acidic defects and basic defects wherein,
- The iMOFs material according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the iMOFs structure consist of an un-perfect structure in which metals or metal clusters and/or ligand linkers are missing which represent the defects in the frameworks of these materials.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the iMOF material is constructed from at least one metal ion, metal oxide, metal cluster or metal oxide cluster building unit and at least one or more organic species as a ligand (L) for bridging metals or cluster nodes forming the framework structure.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 4, wherein the metal ion, metal oxide, metal cluster or metal oxide cluster building unit is selected from the group consisting of a transition metal, post-transition metals, alkaline metal, alkaline metal earth, lanthanide and actinide or mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 5, wherein the transition metal can be selected from the group Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, lr, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg and mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 5, wherein the post-transition metals can be selected from the group Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Po and mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 5, wherein the alkaline metals can be selected from the group Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr and mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 5, wherein the alkaline earth metals can be selected from the group Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra and mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 5, wherein the lanthanide and actinide can be selected from the group La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, U and mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 5, wherein the metal ion, metal oxide, metal cluster or metal oxide cluster are selected from the corresponding metal salts (nitrate, acetate, chloride, oxide, sulphide) , from their complexes and from mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 1-4, wherein the materials are constructed by coordination of at least one or more organic species as a ligand (L) for bridging metals or cluster nodes forming the framework structure wherein L is a mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-dentate organic ligand or molecule containing carboxylate-, amine-, nitro-, phosphonate-, azide-, cyanide-, squaryl-, imidazole-groups or heteroatoms, and mixtures thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 12, wherein the materials are constructed from at least one organic ligand wherein the organic species (L) is oxalic acid, ethyloxalic acid, fumaric acid, 1, 3, 5-bezene tribenzoic acid (BTB) , benzene tribiphenylcarboxylic acid (BBC) , 1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) , 2-amino-1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (NH2-BDC) , 4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid, cyclobutyl-1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid, benzene tricarboxylic acid, 2, 6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDC) , 1, 1'-biphenyl-4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC) , 2, 2'-bipyridyl-5, 5'-dicarboxylic acid, adamantine tetracarboxylic acid (ATC) , biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (BPTC) , tetrahydropyrene-2, 7-dicarboxylic acid (HPDC) , dihdroxyterephthalic acid (DHBC) , pyrene-2, 7-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) , pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, tetratopic-, 3, 6, 8- (p-benzoate) pyrene (TBAPy) , tetracarboxylic acid phenyl porphyrine (TCPP) , octacarboxylic acid phenyl porphyrine (OCPP) , acetylene dicarboxylic acid (ADC) , imidazole, 2-methylimidazolate, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) and derivatives and substituted derivates thereof.
- The iMOFs material according to claim 1-13, wherein the iMOFs are constructed using a ligand mixture and/or a metal mixture.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the different synthetic processes are used to provide a variation in the number of defects in these iMOFs, wherein the processes can be selected from solvothermal process, room temperature process, microwave assisted process, spray dry process, electrochemical process, sonochemical and mechanochemical process.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 15, wherein the solvothermal process is applied succeeding the subsequent steps: firstly, dissolving the metal precursor and ligand in a single solvent or solvent mixture; secondly, transferring the obtained solution in to Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave followed by heating using an oven with heating program; thirdly, the obtained solid product is separated from the mother liquor, washed and immersed in appropriate solvent; fourthly, the obtained iMOFs are dried at room temperature under vacuum and stored in a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 16, wherein the heating program temperature is between 60-250 ℃, and the time between 1-7 days under autogenic pressure.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 15, wherein the microwave process is applied succeeding the subsequent steps: firstly, dissolving the metal precursor and ligand in a single solvent or solvent mixture; secondly, transferring the obtained solution in to Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave followed by heating using a microwave; thirdly, the obtained solid product is separated from the mother liquor, washed and immersed in appropriate solvent; fourthly, the obtained iMOFs are dried at room temperature under vacuum and stored in a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 18, wherein the heating program temperature is between 60-250 ℃, and the time between 1-360 minutes using a microwave power between 100-1600 W.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 15, wherein the spray drying process is applied succeeding the subsequent steps: firstly, dissolving the metal precursor and ligand in a single solvent or solvent mixture; secondly, using the obtained mixture as the feed for the spray-dry machine under spray-dry conditions (spray nozzle, feed rate, flow rate and in-and outlet temperature) ; thirdly, the obtained solid product is separated from the mother liquor, washed with appropriate solvent; fourthly, the obtained iMOFs are dried at room temperature under vacuum and stored in a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 20, wherein the inlet temperature is between 100-250 ℃ and outlet temperature between 100-200 ℃, the feed solution containing both at least one metal precursor and at least one organic ligand (L) is sprayed into the spray dryer resulting in dried metal organic frameworks in a single step.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 20, wherein the inlet temperature is between 100-250 ℃ and outlet temperature between 100-200 ℃, the feed solution exist of two liquid solutions, one containing at least one metal ion and another containing at least one organic ligand (L) are simultaneously sprayed using a double-inlet spray nozzle into the spray dryer resulting in dried metal organic frameworks in a single step.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 15, wherein the room temperature process is applied succeeding the subsequent steps: firstly, dissolving the metal precursor and ligand in a single solvent or solvent mixture; secondly, vigorous stirring of the solution for the synthesis time at room temperature; thirdly, the obtained solid product is separated from the mother liquor, washed and immersed in appropriate solvent; fourthly, the obtained iMOFs are dried at room temperature under vacuum and stored in a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 23, wherein the comprising adding together an metal precursor solution and ligand solution at ambient temperature conditions under vigorous mixing during a time period of 1 to 48 h under on ambient air or inert atmosphere.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 15, wherein the mechanochemical process is applied the contact between the contact between metal precursor and ligand is carried out using a mechanical process selected from mixing, stirring, milling, grinding, intensive mixing, speed-mixing, jet-milling, extrusion and kneading. A product synthesis succeeding the subsequent steps: firstly, the metal precursor and ligand are mixed without solvent and transferred to the reactor for periods of synthesis time; secondly, the obtained iMOFs are collected at room temperature and stored in a vacuum desiccator for further use.
- The method for synthesizing the iMOFs material according to claim 25, wherein the comprising bringing together a metal precursor and ligand precursor at ambient temperature under solvent free conditions and mixing during a time period of 10-600 min under ambient air or inert atmosphere.
- A use of the iMOFs material according to claims 1 and 2 in catalysis, adsorption and separation applications.
- The use of the iMOFs material according to claims 27, wherein the material is applicable as heterogeneous catalysts suitable for but not limited to petrochemical reactions and organic reactions.
- The use of the iMOFs material according to claims 27, wherein the material is applicable as adsorbents suitable for but not limited to adsorption of gases, liquids (solvents) , molecules and ions.
- The use of the iMOFs material according to claims 27, wherein the material is suitable for but not limited to the separation of single and multiple phase of liquids, gases, molecules and ions.
- The application of materials according to claims 1 and 2, in composites with textile, cellulose and derivatives thereof, polymers, resins, inorganic materials based on silica, alumina, titanium, zirconia, zeolites, carbon nano tubes, and future materials supported.
- The method for disclosing the iMOFs according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the defects can be qualitatively and quantitatively determined using adsorption/desorption techniques in combination with probe molecules suitable for the different defects and are selected from NH3, pyridine, substituted pyridines CO2, CO and H2.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2016/085221 WO2017210874A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2016-06-08 | Imperfect mofs (imofs) material, preparation and use in catalysis, sorption and separation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2016/085221 WO2017210874A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2016-06-08 | Imperfect mofs (imofs) material, preparation and use in catalysis, sorption and separation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017210874A1 true WO2017210874A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
Family
ID=60578361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2016/085221 WO2017210874A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2016-06-08 | Imperfect mofs (imofs) material, preparation and use in catalysis, sorption and separation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2017210874A1 (en) |
Cited By (106)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108396023A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-14 | 兰州大学 | Magnetism MOF materials are prepared with polishing and for the fixation of enzyme |
CN108690201A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-10-23 | 南开大学 | A kind of high quantum production rate white fluorescence powder material and preparation method thereof that MOF/ dyestuffs are compound |
CN109317204A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-12 | 合肥学院 | Synthesis method of nickel cluster and Ni @ MOFs composite material |
CN109731616A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-10 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of catalyst of zirconium metal-organic framework materials load and its preparation and application |
CN109813786A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-28 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Bimetallic-organic framework material, timbering material and preparation method thereof, electrochemical immunosensor and preparation method thereof, application |
CN109810256A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-28 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of ternary heteronuclear metal organic framework luminescent material and its preparation method and application |
CN109821575A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of terbium Base Metal organic framework material Tb-MOF and preparation method thereof, methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821576A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of dysprosium Base Metal organic framework material Dy-MOF and preparation method thereof, methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821574A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of europium Base Metal organic framework material Eu-MOF and preparation method thereof, congo red photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109928913A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 贵州大学 | A kind of fluorescence probe and preparation method thereof identifying mercury ion and recognition methods |
CN109970046A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-05 | 江西铜业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of slim pipe diameter carbon nanotube |
CN110124718A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of monatomic catalyst of vanadium base and preparation method thereof for benzene direct oxidation phenol |
CN110128671A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of rodlike cerium dopping MIL-53(Fe) material preparation method |
CN110144048A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of method of electrochemistry rapid synthesis bimetallic Zn/Co-ZIF-8 |
CN110152006A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁大学 | Hepatic targeting metal organic frame pharmaceutical carrier and its preparation method and application |
CN110180592A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | 华侨大学 | A kind of preparation method of the catalyst for carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction |
CN110372063A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-25 | 常熟理工学院 | A method of coupling photocatalysis and high-level oxidation technology handle ammonia nitrogen waste liquid |
WO2020023256A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | Research Triangle Institute | Reaction process involving capillary condensation within a microporous catalyst |
CN110743503A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCN metal organic framework and graphene oxide composite adsorption material and preparation method thereof |
CN110835767A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-25 | 北京工业大学 | Alkali-etched metal organic framework material and application thereof in electrocatalytic decomposition of water |
CN110885451A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-17 | 北京工业大学 | In metal-organic framework material based on tricarboxylic acid ligand, preparation method and application thereof |
CN110947365A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-03 | 成都理工大学 | Preparation method and application of Form-Ce-MOFS phosphorus removal material |
CN111215092A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-02 | 华南理工大学 | MOFs-derived yolk-shell type copper-manganese composite bimetallic oxide and preparation method thereof |
CN111229313A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-05 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method and application of flower-ball-shaped BiOCl/TCPP composite photocatalyst |
CN111250131A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-09 | 辽宁大学 | Co3ZnC/Co @ NGC magnetic wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111286408A (en) * | 2020-03-15 | 2020-06-16 | 杨子飞 | Method for preparing biodiesel by catalyzing jatropha curcas oil through zirconium-based MOFs material loaded with ionic liquid |
CN111569946A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 中南大学 | Modified UiO-66 material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111610227A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-01 | 天津理工大学 | 2D ZnO @3D CF nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111617806A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-04 | 辽宁大学 | g-C with sodium citrate as matrix3N4MOFs composite photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111686694A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of MIL-101 material |
CN111769294A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-13 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of MOF compound and non-noble metal catalyst |
CN111804341A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-23 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation method and application of porphyrin-metal organic framework material |
CN111939980A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Preparation method of MOF framework catalyst for biomass catalytic pyrolysis |
CN112295546A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-02 | 宁波大学 | Zinc complex with porous structure and preparation method thereof |
CN112321858A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-05 | 河北工业大学 | Method for macroscopic quantity preparation of MOFs nanosheets with oxygen evolution performance |
CN112473745A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 复旦大学 | Mesoporous metal organic framework multi-center catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112661971A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 江西师范大学 | Thorium coordination polymer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in propyne storage |
CN112662875A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for recovering precious metal silver in wastewater |
CN112675915A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-20 | 泉州师范学院 | Preparation method and application of Pd/ZIF-8 cubic composite material |
CN112746186A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 | Preparation method and use method of Dy monatomic permeate |
CN112759514A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-07 | 福州大学 | Synthetic method of columnar copper fumarate with double-enzyme activity |
CN112927769A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 华南理工大学 | MOFs material defect structure prediction method based on pore size distribution curve |
CN112934247A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method and application of nitrogen-doped high-dispersion metal nanoparticle @ porous carbon material |
CN113004531A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-22 | 上海健康医学院 | Copper metal organic framework material and preparation and application thereof |
CN113019458A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-25 | 上海师范大学 | Preparation method and application of UV-Vis-NIR wide spectral response functionalized MOF catalyst |
CN113019331A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-25 | 南昌航空大学 | Rare earth element doped defect UiO-66 material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113042003A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 太原科技大学 | Zirconium-based metal-organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113058653A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-02 | 兰州大学 | Catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aldehyde and malononitrile and preparation method thereof |
CN113293621A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-24 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hydrophobic thiolated Zr-MOFs modified non-woven fabric, prepared modified non-woven fabric and application thereof |
CN113388859A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 东华理工大学 | Th-MOF loaded Cu-based single-site catalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113384699A (en) * | 2021-06-13 | 2021-09-14 | 重庆医科大学 | Porphyrin metal organic framework nanoparticle loaded with nitrosoglutathione |
CN113385196A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-14 | 南阳师范学院 | Method for preparing metal-mixed carbon-based composite material by using polyacid-based metal organic framework material |
CN113457707A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-01 | 湖北航泰科技有限公司 | Core-shell-structure ZnCo @ NPC nanomaterial based on MOFs and preparation method thereof |
CN113548980A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-26 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing cyclododecanone oxime |
CN113563599A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-29 | 成都理工大学 | Flaky nano ZIF-8 material and synthesis method and application thereof |
CN113559936A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 陕西科技大学 | Defective UiO-66 photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113651970A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-16 | 合肥工业大学 | Universal method for preparing multi-shell hollow metal organic framework |
CN113731486A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-03 | 首都师范大学 | Preparation method of hydrophilic MOF and application of prepared MOF as catalyst carrier |
CN113731501A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-03 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method and application of bromine-doped MOF derivative photocatalyst |
CN113773517A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-10 | 上海懿禾嘉朋新材料科技有限公司 | General preparation method of multi-stage porous metal organic framework material |
WO2021258233A1 (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-30 | 苏州楚捷新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method for mofs photocatalytic material having high visible light response |
CN113926493A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | MOFs crystal material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113981522A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-01-28 | 广东工业大学 | Metal organic framework ZIF-8 photonic crystal and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114130431A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-04 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method and application of P-type pyrenyl metal organic framework single crystal material and nanobelt |
CN114160208A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | For CO2Preparation method of Pd/MOF catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation |
CN114289065A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-08 | 淮阴工学院 | Preparation method and application of metal ion doped x-MOF-74 photocatalyst |
CN114307976A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 中北大学 | Adsorbent and application thereof in separation of carbon dioxide/acetylene mixed gas |
CN114425365A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Preparation method of defect-rich Mn-Co metal oxide catalyst |
CN114471470A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 陕西科技大学 | Gas adsorption material containing active metal sites and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114522733A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-24 | 安徽大学 | Method for preparing nano composite material by using bond breaking strategy and application of nano composite material in CO catalysis2Application in ethynylation reaction |
CN114597358A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-06-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Si @ CoCu-ZIF composite anode material derived from bimetallic MOF and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114656648A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-06-24 | 南开大学 | Rapid preparation method of metal organic framework material and metal organic framework composite material |
CN114685806A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-01 | 浙江大学衢州研究院 | Acid-modified ultrathin metal organic framework nanosheet catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114813858A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 吉林大学 | Formaldehyde gas sensor based on neodymium oxide modified indium trioxide rod-shaped composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN114874287A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-09 | 联宁(苏州)生物制药有限公司 | Synthetic method of antibody coupled drug-linker LND1042 |
CN114870861A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-09 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation of porous carbon catalyst for ammonia borane high-efficiency hydrogen production and p-nitrophenol reduction |
CN114887502A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-08-12 | 大连理工大学 | Method for preparing Zr-MOF molecular sieve membrane by using zirconium cluster as metal source under mild reaction condition |
CN114931978A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-23 | 华南理工大学 | Defect metal organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114989441A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-02 | 河南师范大学 | Zn-MOFs material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115025800A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-09 | 武汉理工大学 | MOFs pyrolysis derived iron-nitrogen-containing doped carbon material and preparation method thereof |
CN115044061A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-13 | 河南工程学院 | Europium-based metal organic framework material for aluminum ion ratio type detection and preparation method thereof |
WO2022193822A1 (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-22 | 山东建筑大学 | Method for preparing embedded alkaline earth metal oxide solid base and application thereof in biodiesel production |
CN115160519A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-11 | 华北电力大学 | Preparation method of porous covalent organic framework and application of porous covalent organic framework in uranium extraction from seawater |
CN115193484A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-18 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Photocatalytic sterilization MOFs material and preparation method thereof |
CN115212923A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-21 | 鲁东大学 | Chain Mn (II) coordination polymer visible-light-driven photocatalyst containing mixed organic ligand and preparation method thereof |
CN115356305A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-18 | 徐州工程学院 | Preparation method of novel aluminum-based MOF material and application of novel aluminum-based MOF material in tetracycline detection |
CN115385372A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-25 | 中科检测技术服务(广州)股份有限公司 | Moisture-proof high-selectivity response triethylamine gas-sensitive material constructed based on bimetallic MOF route and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115477763A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-12-16 | 南京大学 | Method for constructing functional material of Cu and Ni bimetal position by utilizing metal organic framework MOF-303 |
CN115536858A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-30 | 上海应用技术大学 | Room-temperature synthesis method and application of bulk ZIF-8 |
CN115571905A (en) * | 2022-10-02 | 2023-01-06 | 吉林大学 | Defect engineering MOFs (metal organic frameworks) -based ZnO gas sensitive material derived and application thereof |
CN115703059A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-17 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Preparation method of heteropolyacid salt functionalized MOF-based rubidium and cesium adsorbent |
CN115888832A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-04-04 | 华南农业大学 | Sediment-based MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115957818A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-04-14 | 聊城大学 | Synthesis of two-dimensional layered Sm-MOF and separation and catalysis of compound of Sm-MOF on water pollutants |
CN115991515A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-21 | 北京理工大学唐山研究院 | Application of TCPP coordinated MOF material in sewage containing antibiotics |
CN116063689A (en) * | 2022-11-12 | 2023-05-05 | 深圳市智造未来创新技术有限公司 | Preparation method of zirconium-based metal organic framework material hierarchical pore UiO-66 |
CN116120580A (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-05-16 | 上海交通大学 | Ordered bicontinuous structure metal organic framework material SP-ZIF-8, preparation method and application thereof |
CN116120582A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-05-16 | 山东瑞捷新材料有限公司 | Titanium-rare earth-based metal organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116180065A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-05-30 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Surface modified nickel-titanium alloy material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116239786A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-06-09 | 辽宁大学 | Metal organic framework material for separating carbon dioxide mixed gas, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116253897A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-13 | 湖南师范大学 | Ultrathin Ba-MOFs nano material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116284813A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | Preparation method of flower-shaped rare earth-based multielement metal organic frame material |
CN117205705A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2023-12-12 | 天津工业大学 | The aluminum-based metal-organic framework material is shown in C 3 F 8 /N 2 Application in separation |
CN117362660A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-01-09 | 中山大学 | Metal organic framework material Zr-MOF, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN117899937A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-04-19 | 安徽工业大学 | Layered CO of molecular size2Reduction catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
US11986814B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2024-05-21 | Shandong Jianzhu University | Preparation method of embedded alkaline earth metal oxide solid alkali and application thereof in biodiesel production |
CN118225532A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-21 | 贵研检测科技(云南)有限公司 | Rapid dissolving method for iridium metal powder sample |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103920464A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 福建师范大学 | Method for preparing MOFs (metal organic frameworks) material with function of adsorbing CO2 in biogas |
US20150031908A1 (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-29 | Northwestern University | Metallated metal-organic frameworks |
CN105056896A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-11-18 | 南京工业大学 | MoFs adsorbent and application thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-06-08 WO PCT/CN2016/085221 patent/WO2017210874A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150031908A1 (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-29 | Northwestern University | Metallated metal-organic frameworks |
CN103920464A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 福建师范大学 | Method for preparing MOFs (metal organic frameworks) material with function of adsorbing CO2 in biogas |
CN105056896A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-11-18 | 南京工业大学 | MoFs adsorbent and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
GUTOV, O.V. ET AL.: "Metal+Organic Framework (MOF) Defects under Control: Insights into the Missing Linker Sites and Their Implication in the Reactivity of Zirconium-Based Frameworks", INORG. CHEM., vol. 54, no. 17, 20 August 2015 (2015-08-20), pages 8396 - 8400, XP055366883, ISSN: 0020-1669, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01053> * |
WU, H. ET AL.: "Unusual and Highly Tunable Missing-Linker Defects in Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 and Their Important Effects on Gas Adsorption", J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 135, no. 28, 28 June 2013 (2013-06-28), XP055448881, ISSN: 0002-7863 * |
Cited By (165)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108396023B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2021-02-02 | 兰州大学 | Preparation of magnetic MOF materials by milling and use for enzyme immobilization |
CN108396023A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-14 | 兰州大学 | Magnetism MOF materials are prepared with polishing and for the fixation of enzyme |
CN108690201A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-10-23 | 南开大学 | A kind of high quantum production rate white fluorescence powder material and preparation method thereof that MOF/ dyestuffs are compound |
CN108690201B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-06-08 | 南开大学 | MOF/dye composite high-quantum-yield white light fluorescent powder material and preparation method thereof |
US11795122B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2023-10-24 | Research Triangle Institute | Reaction process involving capillary condensation within a microporous catalyst |
WO2020023256A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | Research Triangle Institute | Reaction process involving capillary condensation within a microporous catalyst |
CN109317204A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-12 | 合肥学院 | Synthesis method of nickel cluster and Ni @ MOFs composite material |
CN109810256A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-28 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of ternary heteronuclear metal organic framework luminescent material and its preparation method and application |
CN109810256B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-08-24 | 江苏理工学院 | Ternary heteronuclear metal organic framework luminescent material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN109731616A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-10 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of catalyst of zirconium metal-organic framework materials load and its preparation and application |
CN109821576B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-07-27 | 河海大学 | Dysprosium-based metal organic framework material Dy-MOF, preparation method thereof and methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821574A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of europium Base Metal organic framework material Eu-MOF and preparation method thereof, congo red photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821575B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-07-30 | 河海大学 | Terbium-based metal organic framework material Tb-MOF, preparation method thereof and methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821574B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-07-30 | 河海大学 | Europium-based metal organic framework material Eu-MOF, preparation method thereof and Congo red dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821576A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of dysprosium Base Metal organic framework material Dy-MOF and preparation method thereof, methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN109821575A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of terbium Base Metal organic framework material Tb-MOF and preparation method thereof, methylene blue dye photocatalytic degradation method |
CN111610227A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-01 | 天津理工大学 | 2D ZnO @3D CF nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111610227B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2023-01-31 | 天津理工大学 | 2D ZnO @3D CF nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN109813786B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-11-09 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Bimetal-organic framework material, scaffold material and preparation method thereof, electrochemical immunosensor and preparation method and application thereof |
CN109813786A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-28 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Bimetallic-organic framework material, timbering material and preparation method thereof, electrochemical immunosensor and preparation method thereof, application |
CN111686694A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of MIL-101 material |
CN111686694B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2023-07-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | MIL-101 material preparation method and application |
CN111769294B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-11-23 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of MOF compound and non-noble metal catalyst |
CN111769294A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-13 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of MOF compound and non-noble metal catalyst |
CN109928913B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2022-05-17 | 贵州大学 | Fluorescent probe for identifying mercury ions and preparation method and identification method thereof |
CN109928913A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 贵州大学 | A kind of fluorescence probe and preparation method thereof identifying mercury ion and recognition methods |
CN109970046B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2022-03-25 | 江西铜业技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon nano tube with thin tube diameter |
CN109970046A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-05 | 江西铜业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of slim pipe diameter carbon nanotube |
CN110124718B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2022-02-15 | 浙江师范大学 | Vanadium-based single-atom catalyst for preparing phenol by directly oxidizing benzene and preparation method thereof |
CN110124718A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of monatomic catalyst of vanadium base and preparation method thereof for benzene direct oxidation phenol |
CN110152006B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2023-02-28 | 辽宁大学 | Liver targeting metal organic framework drug carrier and preparation method and application thereof |
CN110152006A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁大学 | Hepatic targeting metal organic frame pharmaceutical carrier and its preparation method and application |
CN110128671B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-06-04 | 湘潭大学 | Preparation method of rod-shaped cerium-doped MIL-53 (Fe) material |
CN110128671A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of rodlike cerium dopping MIL-53(Fe) material preparation method |
CN110144048B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-07-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Method for electrochemically and rapidly synthesizing bimetallic Zn/Co-ZIF-8 |
CN110144048A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of method of electrochemistry rapid synthesis bimetallic Zn/Co-ZIF-8 |
CN110180592A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | 华侨大学 | A kind of preparation method of the catalyst for carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction |
CN110372063B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-07-09 | 常熟理工学院 | Method for treating ammonia nitrogen waste liquid by coupling photocatalysis and advanced oxidation technology |
CN110372063A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-25 | 常熟理工学院 | A method of coupling photocatalysis and high-level oxidation technology handle ammonia nitrogen waste liquid |
CN112662875A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for recovering precious metal silver in wastewater |
CN110743503A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCN metal organic framework and graphene oxide composite adsorption material and preparation method thereof |
CN110835767A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-25 | 北京工业大学 | Alkali-etched metal organic framework material and application thereof in electrocatalytic decomposition of water |
CN110885451B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-05-07 | 北京工业大学 | In metal-organic framework material based on tricarboxylic acid ligand, preparation method and application thereof |
CN110885451A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-17 | 北京工业大学 | In metal-organic framework material based on tricarboxylic acid ligand, preparation method and application thereof |
CN110947365A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-03 | 成都理工大学 | Preparation method and application of Form-Ce-MOFS phosphorus removal material |
CN110947365B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-04-19 | 成都理工大学 | Preparation method and application of Form-Ce-MOFS phosphorus removal material |
CN112746186A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 | Preparation method and use method of Dy monatomic permeate |
CN112746186B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-06-17 | 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 | Preparation method and use method of Dy monatomic permeate |
CN111250131A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-09 | 辽宁大学 | Co3ZnC/Co @ NGC magnetic wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111250131B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-11-29 | 辽宁大学 | Co 3 ZnC/Co @ NGC magnetic wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111229313A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-05 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method and application of flower-ball-shaped BiOCl/TCPP composite photocatalyst |
CN111229313B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2022-05-20 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method and application of flower-ball-shaped BiOCl/TCPP composite photocatalyst |
CN111215092A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-02 | 华南理工大学 | MOFs-derived yolk-shell type copper-manganese composite bimetallic oxide and preparation method thereof |
CN111286408A (en) * | 2020-03-15 | 2020-06-16 | 杨子飞 | Method for preparing biodiesel by catalyzing jatropha curcas oil through zirconium-based MOFs material loaded with ionic liquid |
CN113548980B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2023-08-11 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing cyclododecanone oxime |
CN113548980A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-26 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing cyclododecanone oxime |
CN111569946A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 中南大学 | Modified UiO-66 material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111617806A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-04 | 辽宁大学 | g-C with sodium citrate as matrix3N4MOFs composite photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111617806B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-08-11 | 辽宁大学 | g-C with sodium citrate as matrix 3 N 4 MOFs composite photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
WO2021258233A1 (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-30 | 苏州楚捷新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method for mofs photocatalytic material having high visible light response |
CN113926493A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | MOFs crystal material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113926493B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | MOFs crystal material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111804341B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-12-23 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation method and application of porphyrin-metal organic framework material |
CN111804341A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-23 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation method and application of porphyrin-metal organic framework material |
CN111939980B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-11-25 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Preparation method of MOF framework catalyst for biomass catalytic pyrolysis |
CN111939980A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Preparation method of MOF framework catalyst for biomass catalytic pyrolysis |
CN112321858A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-05 | 河北工业大学 | Method for macroscopic quantity preparation of MOFs nanosheets with oxygen evolution performance |
CN112295546A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-02 | 宁波大学 | Zinc complex with porous structure and preparation method thereof |
CN112295546B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-10-28 | 宁波大学 | Zinc complex with porous structure and preparation method thereof |
CN112473745A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 复旦大学 | Mesoporous metal organic framework multi-center catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112473745B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-08-17 | 复旦大学 | Mesoporous metal organic framework multi-center catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112661971B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-07 | 江西师范大学 | Thorium coordination polymer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in propyne storage |
CN112661971A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 江西师范大学 | Thorium coordination polymer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in propyne storage |
CN112675915B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-01-03 | 泉州师范学院 | Preparation method and application of Pd/ZIF-8 cubic composite material |
CN112675915A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-20 | 泉州师范学院 | Preparation method and application of Pd/ZIF-8 cubic composite material |
CN112934247A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method and application of nitrogen-doped high-dispersion metal nanoparticle @ porous carbon material |
CN112934247B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method and application of nitrogen-doped high-dispersion metal nanoparticle @ porous carbon material |
CN112927769B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-05-24 | 华南理工大学 | MOFs material defect structure prediction method based on pore size distribution curve |
CN112927769A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 华南理工大学 | MOFs material defect structure prediction method based on pore size distribution curve |
CN112759514A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-07 | 福州大学 | Synthetic method of columnar copper fumarate with double-enzyme activity |
CN113004531A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-22 | 上海健康医学院 | Copper metal organic framework material and preparation and application thereof |
CN113004531B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-09-16 | 上海健康医学院 | Copper metal organic framework material and preparation and application thereof |
WO2022193822A1 (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-22 | 山东建筑大学 | Method for preparing embedded alkaline earth metal oxide solid base and application thereof in biodiesel production |
US11986814B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2024-05-21 | Shandong Jianzhu University | Preparation method of embedded alkaline earth metal oxide solid alkali and application thereof in biodiesel production |
CN113019331A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-25 | 南昌航空大学 | Rare earth element doped defect UiO-66 material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113042003B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-01-13 | 太原科技大学 | Zirconium-based metal-organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113042003A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 太原科技大学 | Zirconium-based metal-organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113019458A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-25 | 上海师范大学 | Preparation method and application of UV-Vis-NIR wide spectral response functionalized MOF catalyst |
CN113058653A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-02 | 兰州大学 | Catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aldehyde and malononitrile and preparation method thereof |
CN115212923A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-21 | 鲁东大学 | Chain Mn (II) coordination polymer visible-light-driven photocatalyst containing mixed organic ligand and preparation method thereof |
CN113293621B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-09-16 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hydrophobic thiolated Zr-MOFs modified non-woven fabric, prepared modified non-woven fabric and application thereof |
CN113293621A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-24 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hydrophobic thiolated Zr-MOFs modified non-woven fabric, prepared modified non-woven fabric and application thereof |
CN113388859A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 东华理工大学 | Th-MOF loaded Cu-based single-site catalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113384699B (en) * | 2021-06-13 | 2023-08-25 | 重庆医科大学 | Porphyrin metal organic framework nanoparticle loaded with nitrosoglutathione |
CN113384699A (en) * | 2021-06-13 | 2021-09-14 | 重庆医科大学 | Porphyrin metal organic framework nanoparticle loaded with nitrosoglutathione |
CN113385196A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-14 | 南阳师范学院 | Method for preparing metal-mixed carbon-based composite material by using polyacid-based metal organic framework material |
CN113457707A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-01 | 湖北航泰科技有限公司 | Core-shell-structure ZnCo @ NPC nanomaterial based on MOFs and preparation method thereof |
CN113457707B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-11-21 | 湖北航泰科技有限公司 | MOFs-based core-shell structure ZnCo@NPC nanomaterial and preparation method thereof |
CN113559936A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 陕西科技大学 | Defective UiO-66 photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115703059A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-17 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Preparation method of heteropolyacid salt functionalized MOF-based rubidium and cesium adsorbent |
CN115703059B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Preparation method of heteropolyacid salt functionalized MOF-based rubidium and cesium adsorbent |
CN113563599A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-29 | 成都理工大学 | Flaky nano ZIF-8 material and synthesis method and application thereof |
CN113731501B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-05-24 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method and application of bromine-doped MOF derivative photocatalyst |
CN113731501A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-03 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method and application of bromine-doped MOF derivative photocatalyst |
CN113981522A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-01-28 | 广东工业大学 | Metal organic framework ZIF-8 photonic crystal and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113651970A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-16 | 合肥工业大学 | Universal method for preparing multi-shell hollow metal organic framework |
CN113731486A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-03 | 首都师范大学 | Preparation method of hydrophilic MOF and application of prepared MOF as catalyst carrier |
CN113773517A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-10 | 上海懿禾嘉朋新材料科技有限公司 | General preparation method of multi-stage porous metal organic framework material |
CN114130431A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-04 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method and application of P-type pyrenyl metal organic framework single crystal material and nanobelt |
CN114160208A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | For CO2Preparation method of Pd/MOF catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation |
CN114289065A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-08 | 淮阴工学院 | Preparation method and application of metal ion doped x-MOF-74 photocatalyst |
CN114289065B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-09-22 | 淮阴工学院 | Preparation method and application of metal ion doped x-MOF-74 photocatalyst |
CN114597358B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Bimetallic MOF-derived Si@CoCu-ZIF composite anode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114597358A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-06-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Si @ CoCu-ZIF composite anode material derived from bimetallic MOF and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114471470A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 陕西科技大学 | Gas adsorption material containing active metal sites and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114425365B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2024-04-26 | 重庆交通大学 | Preparation method of defect-rich Mn-Co metal oxide catalyst |
CN114425365A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Preparation method of defect-rich Mn-Co metal oxide catalyst |
CN114522733A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-24 | 安徽大学 | Method for preparing nano composite material by using bond breaking strategy and application of nano composite material in CO catalysis2Application in ethynylation reaction |
CN114307976A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 中北大学 | Adsorbent and application thereof in separation of carbon dioxide/acetylene mixed gas |
CN114887502A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-08-12 | 大连理工大学 | Method for preparing Zr-MOF molecular sieve membrane by using zirconium cluster as metal source under mild reaction condition |
CN114887502B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-14 | 大连理工大学 | Method for preparing Zr-MOF molecular sieve membrane by using zirconium cluster as metal source under mild reaction condition |
CN114685806B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-04-07 | 浙江大学衢州研究院 | Acid-modified ultrathin metal organic framework nanosheet catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114685806A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-01 | 浙江大学衢州研究院 | Acid-modified ultrathin metal organic framework nanosheet catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114656648A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-06-24 | 南开大学 | Rapid preparation method of metal organic framework material and metal organic framework composite material |
CN114870861A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-09 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation of porous carbon catalyst for ammonia borane high-efficiency hydrogen production and p-nitrophenol reduction |
CN114870861B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-07-25 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation of porous carbon catalyst for high-efficiency hydrogen production of ammonia borane and reduction of p-nitrophenol |
CN114813858A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 吉林大学 | Formaldehyde gas sensor based on neodymium oxide modified indium trioxide rod-shaped composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN114989441A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-02 | 河南师范大学 | Zn-MOFs material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114874287B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-04-02 | 联宁(苏州)生物制药有限公司 | Synthesis method of antibody coupling drug-linker LND1042 |
CN114874287A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-09 | 联宁(苏州)生物制药有限公司 | Synthetic method of antibody coupled drug-linker LND1042 |
CN114931978B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-09-26 | 华南理工大学 | Defective metal organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114931978A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-23 | 华南理工大学 | Defect metal organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115025800A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-09 | 武汉理工大学 | MOFs pyrolysis derived iron-nitrogen-containing doped carbon material and preparation method thereof |
CN115160519B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-06-02 | 华北电力大学 | Preparation method of porous covalent organic framework and application of porous covalent organic framework in uranium extraction from seawater |
CN115160519A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-11 | 华北电力大学 | Preparation method of porous covalent organic framework and application of porous covalent organic framework in uranium extraction from seawater |
CN115356305B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-06-16 | 徐州工程学院 | Preparation method of aluminum-based MOF material and application of aluminum-based MOF material in tetracycline detection |
CN115356305A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-18 | 徐州工程学院 | Preparation method of novel aluminum-based MOF material and application of novel aluminum-based MOF material in tetracycline detection |
CN115044061A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-13 | 河南工程学院 | Europium-based metal organic framework material for aluminum ion ratio type detection and preparation method thereof |
CN115044061B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2023-04-21 | 河南工程学院 | Europium-based metal organic framework material for aluminum ion ratio detection and preparation method thereof |
CN115193484A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-18 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Photocatalytic sterilization MOFs material and preparation method thereof |
CN115385372A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-25 | 中科检测技术服务(广州)股份有限公司 | Moisture-proof high-selectivity response triethylamine gas-sensitive material constructed based on bimetallic MOF route and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115385372B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-01-26 | 中科检测技术服务(广州)股份有限公司 | Moisture-resistant high-selective response triethylamine gas-sensitive material constructed based on bimetallic MOF route and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115571905B (en) * | 2022-10-02 | 2023-09-15 | 吉林大学 | MOFs derived ZnO gas-sensitive material based on defect engineering and application thereof |
CN115571905A (en) * | 2022-10-02 | 2023-01-06 | 吉林大学 | Defect engineering MOFs (metal organic frameworks) -based ZnO gas sensitive material derived and application thereof |
CN115477763B (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-06-06 | 南京大学 | Method for constructing Cu and Ni bimetallic site functional material by utilizing metal organic framework MOF-303 |
CN115477763A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-12-16 | 南京大学 | Method for constructing functional material of Cu and Ni bimetal position by utilizing metal organic framework MOF-303 |
CN115536858B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-01-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | Room-temperature synthesis method and application of block ZIF-8 |
CN115536858A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-30 | 上海应用技术大学 | Room-temperature synthesis method and application of bulk ZIF-8 |
CN115888832A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-04-04 | 华南农业大学 | Sediment-based MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115957818A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-04-14 | 聊城大学 | Synthesis of two-dimensional layered Sm-MOF and separation and catalysis of compound of Sm-MOF on water pollutants |
CN116063689A (en) * | 2022-11-12 | 2023-05-05 | 深圳市智造未来创新技术有限公司 | Preparation method of zirconium-based metal organic framework material hierarchical pore UiO-66 |
CN116180065A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-05-30 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Surface modified nickel-titanium alloy material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116120580A (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-05-16 | 上海交通大学 | Ordered bicontinuous structure metal organic framework material SP-ZIF-8, preparation method and application thereof |
CN116120582A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-05-16 | 山东瑞捷新材料有限公司 | Titanium-rare earth-based metal organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116284813A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | Preparation method of flower-shaped rare earth-based multielement metal organic frame material |
CN116284813B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-03-26 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | Preparation method of flower-shaped rare earth-based multielement metal organic frame material |
CN116239786A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-06-09 | 辽宁大学 | Metal organic framework material for separating carbon dioxide mixed gas, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115991515A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-21 | 北京理工大学唐山研究院 | Application of TCPP coordinated MOF material in sewage containing antibiotics |
CN116253897A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-13 | 湖南师范大学 | Ultrathin Ba-MOFs nano material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN117899937A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-04-19 | 安徽工业大学 | Layered CO of molecular size2Reduction catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
CN117362660A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-01-09 | 中山大学 | Metal organic framework material Zr-MOF, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN117362660B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-04-26 | 中山大学 | Metal organic framework material Zr-MOF, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN117205705B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-02 | 天津工业大学 | The aluminum-based metal-organic framework material is shown in C 3 F 8 /N 2 Application in separation |
CN117205705A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2023-12-12 | 天津工业大学 | The aluminum-based metal-organic framework material is shown in C 3 F 8 /N 2 Application in separation |
CN118225532A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-21 | 贵研检测科技(云南)有限公司 | Rapid dissolving method for iridium metal powder sample |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2017210874A1 (en) | Imperfect mofs (imofs) material, preparation and use in catalysis, sorption and separation | |
Chaemchuen et al. | Defect formation in metal–organic frameworks initiated by the crystal growth-rate and effect on catalytic performance | |
Hu et al. | Solvothermal synthesis of NH 2-MIL-125 (Ti) from circular plate to octahedron | |
JP5453101B2 (en) | Porous organic / inorganic hybrid and adsorbent containing the same | |
EP2764004B1 (en) | Method for the preparation of metal organic frameworks | |
Peng et al. | Application of metal organic frameworks M (bdc)(ted) 0.5 (M= Co, Zn, Ni, Cu) in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol | |
US9302258B2 (en) | Complex comprising crystalline hybrid nanoporous material powder | |
Hu et al. | Hierarchical Co/ZIF-8 as an efficient catalyst for cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxide | |
KR100695473B1 (en) | A new preparation method of porous coordination polymer compounds composed of zinc ion and carboxylates | |
Lopez-Dominguez et al. | Supercritical CO2 for the synthesis of nanometric ZIF-8 and loading with hyperbranched aminopolymers. Applications in CO2 capture | |
US9777029B2 (en) | Process for obtaining metal-organic materials with structure type MIL-101 (Cr) and MIL-101-Cr-MX+ | |
Hou et al. | Strategies for induced defects in metal–organic frameworks for enhancing adsorption and catalytic performance | |
CN113087918B (en) | Zirconium-based metal organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof | |
KR20180134866A (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURE | |
JP2015514666A (en) | Linker exchange in the zeolite imidazolate framework. | |
JP2013511385A (en) | Crystalline porous presence / absence hybrid and method for producing the same | |
KR20110019804A (en) | Method for preparing organic-inorganic hybrid nanoporous material, organic-inorganic hybrid nanoporous materials obtained by said method and use thereof | |
Lv et al. | Nanochannel-based {BaZn}–organic Framework for Catalytic Activity on the Cycloaddition Reaction of Epoxides with CO 2 and Deacetalization-knoevenagel condensation | |
Joshi et al. | Household aluminum products as insoluble precursors for directed growth of metal–organic frameworks | |
Yuan et al. | Metal-assisted synthesis of salen-based porous organic polymer for highly efficient fixation of CO 2 into cyclic carbonates | |
Nandigama et al. | Rapid synthesis of mono/bimetallic (Zn/Co/Zn–Co) zeolitic imidazolate frameworks at room temperature and evolution of their CO 2 uptake capacity | |
Abraha et al. | De novo syntheses of multi-linker Zn-and Co-based ZIFs with application in CO2 fixation | |
Roh et al. | Precise tuning of morphology and pore size of amine-functionalized MIL metal–organic frameworks using a directing agent | |
CN111732736A (en) | Ni (II) -Salen ligand metal organic framework crystal material and preparation method and application thereof | |
Zhu et al. | Two scandium coordination polymers: rapid synthesis and catalytic properties |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16904327 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 16904327 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |