CN114871291A - 一种薄宽规格q960d/e级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种薄宽规格q960d/e级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
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- B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法,工艺流程为铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→加热→粗轧→精轧→层流冷却→奥氏体化加热→淬火→回火→检验,在现有设备基础上通过控制轧制优化+热处理高精度淬火控制工艺+回火工艺,在确保力学性能符合国标GB/T16270‑2009要求的前提下,实现12mm以下Q960D/E级别薄宽规格钢板板型热处理后良好平直度,且不需要进行强矫直工序。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,涉及一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法。
背景技术
目前工程机械行业不断向着大型化轻量化方向发展, Q960D/E是GB/T16270-2009中强度级别较高的钢种,具有优良的成形性、良好的焊接性和较高的低温冲击韧性,主要应用于挖掘机、起重机等工程机械领域。但对于宽度大于2500mm,厚度在6~12mm规格的宽薄板,其板型控制难度极大。目前现有技术主要采用调质热处理后进行强力矫直工艺,其生产流程长,工序成本高,并且存在成品切削加工后的矫直应力变形问题。
中国专利CN106086639B公开的Q960D/E级别工程结构用钢生产方法如下:钢中各元素成分质量百分比为:C:0.13~0.16,Mn:1.40~1.50,Nb:0.02~0.04,V:0.09~0.11,Ti:0.015~0.025,Cr:0.45~0.55,Mo:0.45~0.55,B:0.0008~0.003,Als≥0.03,其它为Fe和生产过程中不可避免的残余元素和杂质。采用铁水预脱硫、转炉冶炼、LF精炼、RH精炼、连铸、控制轧制、DQ+ACC冷却、回火热处理工艺步骤。控制轧制工艺中开轧温度1080~1100℃,一阶段终轧温度为>980℃,二阶段的开轧温度≤920℃,二阶段的待温厚度为钢板成品厚度的3~4倍,终轧温度控制在790~850℃范围内;在线淬火处理采用DQ+ACC冷却方式控制冷却,冷却速度控制在15~22℃/s范围内,出DQ时的温度≤400℃,钢板的终冷温度≤150℃;回火处理中回火温度为680±10℃,保温时间为3.5±0.2min/mm。上述方法可以实现厚度规格在15mm以上Q960D/E级别的中厚板生产,但对于12mm以下Q960D/E级别薄宽规格钢板的生产不能有效控制板型,造成批量薄板轧废和热处理后板型不良,热处理后的成品需要进行强矫直设备进行矫直后才能使用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法,在现有设备基础上通过控制轧制优化+热处理高精度淬火控制工艺+回火工艺,在确保力学性能符合国标GB/T16270-2009要求的前提下,实现12mm以下Q960D/E级别薄宽规格钢板板型热处理后良好平直度,且不需要进行强矫直工序。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法,工艺流程为铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→加热→粗轧→精轧→层流冷却→奥氏体化加热→淬火→回火→检验,关键工艺步骤包括:
1)轧制工艺:铸坯厚度为150~260mm,轧制时采用高铬铁轧辊。轧前加热温度1180~1220℃,加热保温时间控制在20~30min;采用两阶段控轧,粗轧开轧温度≥1050℃,粗轧终轧温度≥950℃;粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%;精轧温度为950~1040℃,精轧单机架压下率不低于10%,精轧终轧温度为800~850℃;出精轧后立即进行层流冷却,返红温度控制在700 ℃以下;出水后热矫道次≥3次,矫直力控制在800-2200KN;矫直结束后温度控制在540℃以下;
2)热处理工艺:采用高精度淬火+回火的热处理方式,淬火前奥氏体化加热温度为900~930℃,加热总时间为2.0~2.2min/mm,淬火过程采用辊压式淬火机和配套循环冷却装置,淬火前冷却水温度低于30℃,水压控制在8~10bar区间,淬火机冷却水喷嘴流量波动±10m3/h以内,淬火机压辊辊缝控制区间为钢板厚度±1mm区间,淬火机出炉辊道速度20~30m/min,回火温度为610~630℃,回火保温时间为2.5~3min/mm。
发明原理:
1)采用两阶段轧制,为控制轧制温度,减少轧制过程中的温降,组板长度控制在60m以内,因此铸坯厚度采用150-260mm。高铬铁轧辊由于刚度大,生产时变形小,适合轧制薄板和对板型要求高的钢板,因此轧制时采用高铬铁轧辊。
2)钢板轧制后采用水冷,将返红温度控制在700℃以下,并且防止钢板冷却过程中由于冷速过大导致内应力过大,同时保证轧制板型,将钢板终轧温度控制在800~850℃。由于钢板冷却较快,在矫直过程中温度迅速降低,为保证钢板矫直结束后钢板相变大部分已经完成,并且有较好的矫直效果,要求热矫最少矫直三道次,矫直结束后温度控制在540℃以下,并采用适当的矫直力。
3)淬火前奥氏体化加热温度采用900~930℃,和较长的2.1min/mm加热时间可有效消除轧态的组织应力,减少钢板头尾温差和组织差异性,提高钢板长度方向的组织均匀性,为后续淬火组织的均匀性转变打好基础。
4)淬火冷却介质是影响相变转变关键因素,当冷却水温度超过32℃时,冷却能力急剧降低严重影响淬火马氏体相变过程。淬火水压力过低时不能消除钢板表面蒸汽膜效应造成局部相变不充分,淬火水压力过高和流量不稳定时会造成冷却水射流不稳定,影响整板组织相变的稳定。因此淬火水温和水压必须控制在合理的参数区间。经过长期的跟踪与分析,淬火过程中水温控制在30℃以下。淬火水压控制在8-10bar区间,淬火机冷却水喷嘴流量波动±10m3/h以内时淬火板型控制效果较好。
5)淬火过程采用上下压辊式淬火,淬火辊缝偏低会导致卡钢,辊缝偏高会造成钢板约束力偏低产生局部变形,根据长期跟踪与分析淬火辊缝采用钢板厚度的±1mm偏差为合理区间。淬火辊速偏快会导致局部淬火不充分,淬火辊速偏低会影响表面排水效果造成蒸汽膜效应影响局部组织相变。根据长期的跟踪与分析,薄板淬火淬火机辊速控制在20-30m/min为合理区间。
6)淬火后钢板组织内部有较大的淬火应力,为防止成品钢板的切削变形和保证钢板的强度性能回火温度和回火时间必须在合理范围内,因此根据不断跟踪与试验,回火温度控制在610~630℃,回火保温时间控制在2.5~3min/mm区间。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:薄板轧态组织更均匀,轧态板型得到有效控制,避免了钢板轧废和后续热处理淬火过程中的板型波动;采用较高温度的奥氏体化温度可有效消除轧态组织内的位错变形和组织应力,为后续淬火板型控制打好基础;高精度的淬火控制工艺保证了薄板冷却过程的相变稳定性,淬火过程中的关节工艺控制参数是板型控制工艺的核心。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明。
实施例1:
一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产,所述钢板厚度为6mm,宽度3000mm,平直度≤5mm/m。工艺流程为铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→加热→粗轧→精轧→层流冷却→奥氏体化加热→淬火→回火→检验,关键工艺步骤包括:
(1)轧制工艺过程:铸坯厚度为150mm,轧制时采用高铬铁轧辊。轧前加热温度1180~1220℃,加热保温时间控制在25min;采用两阶段控轧,粗轧开轧温度≥1050℃,粗轧终轧温度≥950℃;粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%;精轧温度为950~1040℃,精轧单机架压下率不低于10%,精轧终轧温度为800~850℃;出精轧后立即进行层流冷却,返红温度控制在700 ℃以下。出水后热矫道次≥3次,矫直力控制在800-2200KN。矫直结束后温度控制在540℃以下。
2)热处理工艺过程:采用高精度淬火+回火的热处理方式;淬火前奥氏体化加热温度为910℃,加热总时间为2.0min/mm。淬火前开启冷却水循环水系统冷却塔,将冷却水温度降低至30℃以下,水压控制在8bar。钢板厚度为6mm则淬火机压辊辊缝控制在5mm。淬火机喷嘴流量波动±10m3/h以内,淬火机出炉辊道速度25m/min.回火温度为620℃,回火保温时间为3.0min/mm。
实施例2:
一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产,所述钢板厚度为12mm,宽度3000mm,平直度≤5mm/m。工艺流程为铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→加热→粗轧→精轧→层流冷却→奥氏体化加热→淬火→回火→检验,关键工艺步骤包括:
(1)轧制工艺过程:铸坯厚度为260mm,轧制时采用高铬铁轧辊。轧前加热温度1180~1220℃,加热保温时间控制在25min;采用两阶段控轧,粗轧开轧温度≥1050℃,粗轧终轧温度≥950℃;粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%;精轧温度为950~1040℃,精轧单机架压下率不低于10%,精轧终轧温度为800~850℃;出精轧后立即进行层流冷却,返红温度控制在700 ℃以下。出水后热矫道次≥3次,矫直力控制在800~2200KN。矫直结束后温度控制在540℃以下;
2)热处理工艺过程:采用高精度淬火+回火的热处理方式;淬火前奥氏体化加热温度为910℃,加热总时间为2.2min/mm。淬火前开启冷却水循环水系统冷却塔,将冷却水温度降低至30℃以下,水压控制在8bar。钢板厚度为12mm则淬火机压辊辊缝控制在12mm。淬火机喷嘴流量波动±10m3/h以内,淬火机出炉辊道速度20m/min.回火温度为620℃,回火保温时间为2.5min/mm。
实施例的轧制工艺参数如表1所示,热处理工艺参数见表2,产品检验与不平度测量结果见表3。
表1 实施例轧制工艺参数
表2 实施例钢的热处理工艺参数
表3 实施例钢样品性能检验与不平度测量
Claims (1)
1.一种薄宽规格Q960D/E级别高平直度调质钢板的生产方法,工艺流程为铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→加热→粗轧→精轧→层流冷却→奥氏体化加热→淬火→回火→检验,其特征在于关键工艺步骤包括:
1)轧制工艺:铸坯厚度为150~260mm,轧制时采用高铬铁轧辊;
轧前加热温度1180~1220℃,加热保温时间控制在20~30min;采用两阶段控轧,粗轧开轧温度≥1050℃,粗轧终轧温度≥950℃;粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%;精轧温度为950~1040℃,精轧单机架压下率不低于10%,精轧终轧温度为800~850℃;出精轧后立即进行层流冷却,返红温度控制在700 ℃以下;出水后热矫道次≥3次,矫直力控制在800~2200kN;矫直结束后温度控制在540℃以下;
2)热处理工艺:采用高精度淬火+回火的热处理方式,淬火前奥氏体化加热温度为900~930℃,加热总时间为2.0~2.2min/mm,淬火过程采用辊压式淬火机和配套循环冷却装置,淬火前冷却水温度低于30℃,水压控制在8~10bar区间,淬火机冷却水喷嘴流量波动±10m3/h以内,淬火机压辊辊缝控制区间为钢板厚度±1mm区间,淬火机出炉辊道速度20~30m/min,回火温度为610~630℃,回火保温时间为2.5~3min/mm。
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