CN114853550A - Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114853550A CN114853550A CN202210527468.0A CN202210527468A CN114853550A CN 114853550 A CN114853550 A CN 114853550A CN 202210527468 A CN202210527468 A CN 202210527468A CN 114853550 A CN114853550 A CN 114853550A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of animal waste, 30-40 parts of crop straws, 20-28 parts of rice hulls, 12-18 parts of biochar, 8-12 parts of fly ash, 6-10 parts of humic acid, 2-6 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 2-4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.03 part of EM microbial inoculum. The saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared according to the components can adjust the pH value of soil, improve the soil structure and improve the crop yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil and alkaline earth. The saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content, and the soil is alkaline but not necessarily high in pH value. The alkaline earth is soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is higher, the soil is alkaline, the content of organic matters in saline-alkali soil is low, the soil fertility is low, the physicochemical property is poor, more anions and cations are harmful to crops, and the seedlings of the crops are not easy to promote. Plants in severe saline-alkaline soil regions are almost non-viable.
At present, saline-alkali soil is improved by generally adopting salt washing, planting saline-alkali tolerant crops and the like, which cannot solve the problem fundamentally. The soil conditioner is a means for improving the saline-alkali soil in the prior art, but the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the prior art is not ideal, and the soil conditioner cannot comprehensively improve the soil structure and the crop yield. Therefore, an improver which can effectively improve saline-alkali soil and can provide nutrients required by the growth of crops is lacked to meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of animal waste, 30-40 parts of crop straws, 20-28 parts of rice hulls, 12-18 parts of biochar, 8-12 parts of fly ash, 6-10 parts of humic acid, 2-6 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 2-4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.03 part of EM microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 52-58 parts of animal wastes, 32-38 parts of crop straws, 22-26 parts of rice hulls, 14-16 parts of biochar, 9-11 parts of fly ash, 7-9 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 2.5-3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.015-0.025 part of EM microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of animal waste, 35 parts of crop straws, 24 parts of rice hulls, 15 parts of biochar, 10 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.02 part of EM microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the animal manure is chicken manure and/or duck manure;
the crop straw is one or more of soybean straw, corn straw and peanut straw.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria contained in the EM bacterial agent is 0.2-1.0 x 10 11 cfu/g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing animal wastes, crop straws, rice hulls and an EM microbial inoculum to obtain a fermentation material, and stacking and fermenting the fermentation material for 20-30 days to obtain a rotten material;
(2) and mixing the rotten clinker with biochar, fly ash, humic acid, polypeptide amino acid and ferrous sulfate, and granulating to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Preferably, the water content of the fermentation material during stacking fermentation is 61-65%;
the central temperature of the fermentation pile during the stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃;
turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the temperature of the center of the fermentation pile is more than 60 ℃.
The invention also provides the saline-alkali soil conditioner and the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method in the aspects of improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield.
Preferably, the application method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield is as follows: and the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied 10-20 days before planting.
Preferably, the dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 1-2 kg/mu.
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The humic acid in the soil conditioner can react with carbonate in the saline-alkali soil to form sodium humate, so that the soil hardening problem is relieved, and meanwhile, nutrition is provided for crop growth; the organic fertilizer is fermented by utilizing crop straws, animal wastes and rice husks, so that the buffering capacity of soil can be improved, the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil can be increased, and the crop yield can be improved; the biochar and the fly ash can improve soil pores, reduce soil volume weight and provide a favorable environment for crop growth; the ferrous sulfate can improve the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and reduce the soil hardening degree.
In conclusion, the components in the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention have synergistic effect, so that the pH of saline-alkali soil can be adjusted, the porosity of the saline-alkali soil is improved, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the crop yield is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of animal waste, preferably 52-58 parts, and more preferably 55 parts;
30-40 parts of crop straw, preferably 32-38 parts of crop straw, and further preferably 35 parts of crop straw;
20-28 parts of rice hulls, preferably 22-26 parts, and further preferably 24 parts;
12-18 parts of biochar, preferably 14-16 parts of biochar, and further preferably 15 parts of biochar;
8-12 parts of fly ash, preferably 9-11 parts, and further preferably 10 parts;
6-10 parts of humic acid, preferably 7-9 parts of humic acid, and more preferably 8 parts of humic acid;
2-6 parts of polypeptide amino acid, preferably 3-5 parts, and more preferably 4 parts;
2-4 parts of ferrous sulfate, preferably 2.5-3.5 parts, and more preferably 3 parts;
0.01-0.03 part of EM bacterial agent, preferably 0.015-0.025 part, and further preferably 0.02 part.
In the invention, the animal manure is chicken manure and/or duck manure;
the crop straw is one or more of soybean straw, corn straw and peanut straw.
In the invention, the number of viable bacteria contained in the EM bacterial agent is 0.2-1.0 multiplied by 10 11 cfu/g, preferably 0.6X 10 11 cfu/g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing animal wastes, crop straws, rice hulls and an EM microbial inoculum to obtain a fermentation material, and stacking and fermenting the fermentation material for 20-30 days to obtain a rotten material;
(2) and mixing the rotten clinker with biochar, fly ash, humic acid, polypeptide amino acid and ferrous sulfate, and granulating to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
In the invention, the water content of the fermentation material during stacking fermentation is 61-65%, preferably 63%; the central temperature of the fermentation pile during stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃, preferably 40-50 ℃, and further preferably 45 ℃; the time of the stacking fermentation is preferably 25 d; turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the temperature of the center of the fermentation pile is more than 60 ℃.
The invention also provides the saline-alkali soil conditioner and the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method in the aspects of improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield.
In the invention, the application method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield is as follows: and the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied 10-20 days before planting.
In the invention, the dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 1-2 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The EM microbial inoculum described in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Weifang Rui Bio-technology Co.
The embodiment and the comparative example of the invention are experiments carried out in cultivated land areas of Daqing city of Heilongjiang province.
The rice variety planted in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is Fengyou 307.
The soil volume weight measuring methods described in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention adopt the cutting ring method, and the total soil porosity is calculated according to the soil volume weight, and is [1- (soil volume weight/soil density) ] x 100%.
Example 1
And (3) uniformly mixing 25kg of chicken manure, 25kg of duck manure, 40kg of soybean straw and 25kg of rice hull with 0.02kgEM microbial inoculum, and stacking and fermenting for 25 days under the condition that the water content is 62% to obtain the rotten material. The central temperature of the fermentation pile cannot exceed 60 ℃ during stacking fermentation, and the pile is turned immediately once the central temperature exceeds 60 ℃ (including 60 ℃). And mixing the obtained decomposed material with 18kg of biochar, 10kg of fly ash, 10kg of humic acid, 2kg of polypeptide amino acid and 3kg of ferrous sulfate in a granulator for granulation to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
And (3) when carrying out rotary tillage for 18 days in 4 months in 2020, applying the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to the amount of 1 kg/mu, and transplanting rice seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 4cm in 7 days in 5 months. And managing according to a conventional method after transplanting. And (3) detecting the pH value, the soil volume weight and the soil porosity of the planting soil before rotary tillage and 20d transplanting of rice seedlings and when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 1. The soil is 0-18 cm of a soil plough layer.
And detecting the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear of rice when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
60kg of chicken manure, 10kg of corn straw, 20kg of peanut straw and 28kg of rice hull are uniformly mixed with 0.01kgEM microbial inoculum and are piled up and fermented for 20 days under the condition that the water content is 65 percent to obtain the rotten clinker. The central temperature of the fermentation pile cannot exceed 60 ℃ during stacking fermentation, and the pile is turned immediately once the central temperature exceeds 60 ℃ (including 60 ℃). And mixing the obtained decomposed material with 15kg of charcoal, 8kg of fly ash, 8kg of humic acid, 4kg of polypeptide amino acid and 2kg of ferrous sulfate in a granulator for granulation to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
And (3) when carrying out rotary tillage for 18 days in 4 months in 2020, applying the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to the amount of 2 kg/mu, and transplanting rice seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 4cm in 7 days in 5 months. And managing according to a conventional method after transplanting. And (3) detecting the pH value, the soil volume weight and the soil porosity of the planting soil before rotary tillage and 20d transplanting of rice seedlings and when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 1. The soil is 0-18 cm of a soil plough layer.
And detecting the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear of rice when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 2.
Example 3
And (3) uniformly mixing 55kg of duck manure, 35kg of corn straw and 20kg of rice hull with 0.03kg of EM microbial inoculum, and stacking and fermenting for 30 days under the condition that the water content is 61% to obtain the rotten material. The central temperature of the fermentation pile cannot exceed 60 ℃ during stacking fermentation, and the pile is turned immediately once the central temperature exceeds 60 ℃ (including 60 ℃). Mixing the obtained decomposed material with 12kg of charcoal, 12kg of fly ash, 6kg of humic acid, 6kg of polypeptide amino acid and 4kg of ferrous sulfate in a granulator for granulation to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
And (3) when carrying out rotary tillage for 18 days in 4 months in 2020, applying the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to the amount of 1.5 kg/mu, and transplanting rice seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 4cm in 7 days in 5 months. And managing according to a conventional method after transplanting. And (3) detecting the pH value, the soil volume weight and the soil porosity of the planting soil before rotary tillage and 20d transplanting of rice seedlings and when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 1. The soil is 0-18 cm of a soil plough layer.
And detecting the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear of rice when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
The scheme of the comparative example 1 is set by replacing the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the example 1 with the saline-alkali soil conditioner with 'good land application', the application amount is 1.5 kg/mu, and the rest planting methods are the same as those in the example 1. And (3) detecting the pH value, the soil volume weight and the soil porosity of the planting soil before rotary tillage and 20d transplanting of rice seedlings and when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 1. The soil is 0-18 cm of a soil plough layer.
And detecting the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear of rice when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
The scheme of comparative example 2 was set up in the same manner as in example 1, except that in comparative example 2, no improving agent was applied during rotary tillage as in example 1, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. And (3) detecting the pH value, the soil volume weight and the soil porosity of the planting soil before rotary tillage and 20d transplanting of rice seedlings and when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 1. The soil is 0-18 cm of a soil plough layer.
And detecting the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear of rice when the rice is harvested. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of the saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention on soil texture
Table 1 shows that the soil obtained by applying the saline-alkali soil conditioner of examples 1-3 maintains neutral pH in the whole growth process of rice, the soil porosity is higher than that of comparative example 2, and the soil volume weight is lower than that of comparative example 2. The saline-alkali soil conditioner has the function of improving the soil structure of the planting field.
TABLE 2 influence of saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention on rice yield
| Fertilizer | Average total grain number per ear | Number of grains (grain) | Thousand Kernel weight (g) | Rice yield (kg/mu) |
| Example 1 | 125 | 123 | 27.3 | 803.4 |
| Example 2 | 131 | 128 | 26.8 | 812.3 |
| Example 3 | 129 | 126 | 28.1 | 809.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 116 | 110 | 26.0 | 716.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 103 | 92 | 24.3 | 654.7 |
Table 2 shows that the rice obtained in examples 1-3 has more average total grain number and set grain number per ear than comparative examples 1-2, and the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of the rice are higher than those of the rice in comparative examples 1-2, which indicates that the saline-alkali soil conditioner can also improve the rice yield.
Application example 1
The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention is applied to a planting field 10 days before rape planting according to the amount of 1 kg/mu, and a rape variety of Hua-YOU-ZAO 62 is planted. The yield of the rape is increased by 13 percent compared with that of the rape which is not applied with the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Application example 2
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the embodiment 2 is applied to a planting field 15 days before rape planting according to the amount of 2 kg/mu, and 53 cotton varieties of Liaomiao cotton are planted. The yield is increased by 18 percent when the fertilizer is harvested compared with the fertilizer which is not applied with the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
The embodiment can show that the invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The components in the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention have synergistic effects, so that the pH of saline-alkali soil can be improved, the soil porosity of the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the soil volume weight can be reduced, and the yield of rice, rape and cotton can be increased.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 50-60 parts of animal waste, 30-40 parts of crop straws, 20-28 parts of rice hulls, 12-18 parts of biochar, 8-12 parts of fly ash, 6-10 parts of humic acid, 2-6 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 2-4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.03 part of EM microbial inoculum.
2. The saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 52-58 parts of animal wastes, 32-38 parts of crop straws, 22-26 parts of rice hulls, 14-16 parts of biochar, 9-11 parts of fly ash, 7-9 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 2.5-3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.015-0.025 part of EM microbial inoculum.
3. The saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of animal waste, 35 parts of crop straws, 24 parts of rice hulls, 15 parts of biochar, 10 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.02 part of EM microbial inoculum.
4. The saline-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal manure is chicken manure and/or duck manure;
the crop straw is one or more of soybean straw, corn straw and peanut straw.
5. The soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of viable bacteria contained in the EM bacterial agent is 0.2-1.0 x 10 11 cfu/g。
6. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing animal wastes, crop straws, rice hulls and an EM microbial inoculum to obtain a fermentation material, and stacking and fermenting the fermentation material for 20-30 days to obtain a rotten material;
(2) and mixing the rotten clinker with biochar, fly ash, humic acid, polypeptide amino acid and ferrous sulfate, and granulating to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the water content of the fermentation material during stacking fermentation is 61-65%;
the central temperature of the fermentation pile during the stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃;
turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the temperature of the center of the fermentation pile is more than 60 ℃.
8. The saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 and the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method as claimed in claim 6 or 7 are applied to the aspects of improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield.
9. The application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 8, wherein the application method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in improving soil structure and increasing crop yield is as follows: and the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied 10-20 days before planting.
10. The application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 1-2 kg/mu.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115215706A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-21 | 浙江大学 | Agricultural light complementary soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115925488A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-04-07 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Conditioner for quickly curing newly-reclaimed cultivated land and preparation method and using method thereof |
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| CN111440616A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-24 | 徐州生物工程职业技术学院 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111440616A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-24 | 徐州生物工程职业技术学院 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115215706A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-21 | 浙江大学 | Agricultural light complementary soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115925488A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-04-07 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Conditioner for quickly curing newly-reclaimed cultivated land and preparation method and using method thereof |
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