CN114853512A - Method for promoting humus formation in composting process and compost product - Google Patents
Method for promoting humus formation in composting process and compost product Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The disclosure provides a method for promoting humus formation in a composting process and a compost product, wherein the method for promoting humus formation in the composting process comprises the following steps: providing composting and a coated composting system, wherein the coated composting system is constructed by: uniformly placing gas distribution pipelines in the bottom of the static ventilation compost box, wherein one end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, the other end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with an air blower, and the outside of the static ventilation compost box is wrapped by a heat insulation plate; putting the compost into a static ventilated compost box, adding a compound bacterium solution into the compost, covering a semipermeable membrane on the top of the compost, wherein the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes, introducing gas into a gas distribution pipeline by using an air blower, and dispersing the gas into the compost through an aeration stone for fermentation.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of waste recycling, and particularly relates to a method for promoting humus formation in a composting process and a compost product.
Background
As a big agricultural country, China has extremely large yield of agricultural wastes. Landfill, incineration or other conventional disposal of agricultural wastes may cause serious waste of resources and environmental damage. The livestock manure and the crop straws are typical organic wastes and are rich in organic matters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and mineral elements. They can be converted into nuisance-free, hygienic and nutritious end products by aerobic composting and used as organic fertilizers or soil conditioners to improve soil structure and nutrition. Composting is a biochemical process in which organic matter of macromolecules is decomposed by microorganisms and converted into stable humus. In the composting process, on the one hand, the easily degradable components in the organic matter are mineralized into CO 2 、NH 3 And H 2 And O, on the other hand, the small molecular substances finally form humus through a series of physical and chemical reactions and microbial action. Humus is the most important by-product of compost, and the high humification degree of the compost is beneficial to soil improvement, ecological effectiveness and biogeochemical cycle. Therefore, how to improve the humification degree of the compost has important significance for resource utilization of organic wastes, restoration of environmental pollution and improvement of agricultural value of the compost as a soil conditioner.
However, the traditional aerobic composting technology generally adopts trough composting or stack composting, and the technology has a series of problems, such as weak controllability, long fermentation time, high possibility of being affected by external factors such as weather and the like, high production and discharge of greenhouse gases, odor and the like in the fermentation process, high possibility of causing secondary pollution to the environment, poor quality of compost products produced by the traditional composting and low humification degree.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a method of promoting humus formation in composting processes and a compost product, which are intended to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
In order to solve the above technical problems, as one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of promoting humus formation in a composting process, comprising:
providing composting and film-covered composting systems, wherein the film-covered composting system is constructed by:
uniformly placing gas distribution pipelines in the bottom of a static ventilation compost box, wherein one end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, the other end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with a blower, and the outside of the static ventilation compost box is wrapped by a heat insulation plate;
putting the compost into the static ventilated compost box, adding a composite bacterial liquid into the compost, covering a semipermeable membrane on the top of the compost, wherein the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes,
and introducing gas into the gas distribution pipeline by using the blower, and dispersing the gas into the compost through an aeration stone for fermentation.
In one embodiment, the compost comprises: livestock and poultry excrement and straw.
In one embodiment, the livestock manure comprises at least one of the following: cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung and duck dung;
the straw comprises at least one of the following components:
wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw.
In one embodiment, the compound bacteria liquid comprises a compound bacteria agent, brown sugar and water.
In one embodiment, the complex microbial inoculum comprises at least one of the following components:
lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus natto and Bacillus.
In one embodiment, the animal manure and the straw are mixed in a weight ratio of 4-6: 1, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the straws to be 19-30, and controlling the water content to be 50-60%.
In one embodiment, the weight of the complex microbial inoculum added into the compost is 1 per thousand-5 per thousand wt.
In one embodiment, the ventilation rate in the air distribution pipeline is 0.1m 3 /h-0.5m 3 /h；
The ventilation time comprises the following steps: 8-12 h;
the fermentation time of the compost comprises the following steps: 35-50 days.
In one embodiment, the pore size of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is 0.2-1 μm.
As another aspect of the present disclosure, there is also provided a compost product obtained using the method of the above example.
Based on the technical scheme, the method for promoting the formation of humus in the composting process and the compost product provided by the disclosure at least have the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the embodiment of the disclosure, the bottom of the compost bin is provided with the air distribution pipeline, and two ends of the air distribution pipeline are respectively connected with the aeration stone and the blower, so that air can be introduced into the compost bin to form the static ventilation compost bin; the compost is placed in a static ventilation compost box, the composite bacterial liquid is added, the top of the compost is covered with the semipermeable membrane, when air is introduced into the static ventilation compost box, a micro-positive pressure environment is formed inside the compost due to the membrane covering system and the micro-pressure air supply system, so that the gas is dispersed more uniformly, the temperature inside the compost is increased in the reaction process of the composite bacterial liquid and substances in the compost, and the temperature of the compost can be further increased and the heat preservation time can be prolonged by placing the heat preservation plate outside the static ventilation compost box. The microenvironment in the compost can be changed by utilizing the film covering system, the micro-pressure air supply system and the composite bacterial liquid, so that the microbial activity is improved, and the formation of humus in the composting process is promoted.
(2) The method provided by the disclosure improves the maturity degree of compost products, makes the structure of humus more stable and complex, and further improves the humus content and the humification degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing temperature changes during composting in the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2A is a graph showing the change in total organic carbon concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2B is a graph showing the change in total humic substance concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure;
fig. 2C is a graph of the change in humic acid concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group of example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2D is a graph showing how the fulvic acid concentration varies during composting for the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3A is a graph showing the change in the humification ratio during composting in the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3B is a graph showing the change in humification index during composting in the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3C is a graph of the percent change in humic acid during composting for the experimental and control groups of example 1 of the disclosure;
fig. 3D is a graph of the degree of polymerization during composting for the experimental and control groups in example 1 of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the disclosure more apparent.
At present, in order to improve the quality and the humification degree of compost products in the prior art, the commonly adopted method comprises the following steps: changing compost materials, adjusting the proportion of the compost materials, controlling compost reaction conditions, adding exogenous substances, optimizing a fermentation process and the like, wherein the added exogenous substances are divided into the following categories according to the principle of action: the essence of the expanding agent, the chemical agent, the microbial agent and the conditioning agent is that the physical and chemical properties or microbial community structure of the compost are changed to influence the microbial activity in the compost, so that the degradation of organic matters and the generation of humus are promoted. However, these methods are complicated, require the use of large amounts of additives, and release large amounts of polluting gases during the composting process, which may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the method is green and environment-friendly, simple, and especially important for reducing the emission of polluted gas in the composting fermentation process and improving the formation of humus in the compost. Therefore, the method for promoting the formation of humus in the composting process and the compost product are provided, a micro-positive pressure environment is formed inside a compost body through the film covering system and the micro-pressure air conveying system, so that the gas distribution is more uniform, the composting temperature is increased, the microenvironment inside the compost body is changed, the microbial activity is improved, and the humification degree in the compost is further influenced.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of promoting humus formation in a composting process, comprising: providing composting and a coated composting system, wherein the coated composting system is constructed by:
uniformly placing gas distribution pipelines in the bottom of the static ventilation compost box, wherein one end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, the other end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with an air blower, and the outside of the static ventilation compost box is wrapped by a heat insulation plate; putting the compost into a static ventilated compost box, adding a compound bacterial liquid into the compost, covering a semipermeable membrane on the top of the compost, wherein the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes,
and introducing gas into the gas distribution pipeline by using a blower, and dispersing the gas into the compost through the aeration stone for fermentation.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the bottom of the compost bin is provided with the air distribution pipeline, and two ends of the air distribution pipeline are respectively connected with the aeration stone and the blower, so that air can be introduced into the compost bin to form the static ventilation compost bin; the compost is placed in a static ventilation compost box, the composite bacterial liquid is added, the top of the compost is covered with the semipermeable membrane, when air is introduced into the static ventilation compost box, a micro-positive pressure environment is formed inside the compost due to the membrane covering system and the micro-pressure air supply system, so that the gas is dispersed more uniformly, the temperature inside the compost is increased in the reaction process of the composite bacterial liquid and substances in the compost, and the temperature of the compost can be further increased and the heat preservation time can be prolonged by placing the heat preservation plate outside the static ventilation compost box. The film covering system, the micro-pressure air supply system and the composite microbial inoculum can change the microenvironment in the compost, improve the microbial activity and promote the formation of humus in the composting process.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the main material of the semipermeable membrane is micro-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), which has strong stability and can be applied to a wide temperature range. The pore diameter of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane in the embodiment of the disclosure is 0.2-1 μm, and the size of the micropores is hundreds of times larger than water vapor molecules but ten thousands of times smaller than water drop molecules, so that air and water vapor can easily pass through the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and moisture can not pass through the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, thereby ensuring that sufficient moisture is contained in the composting fermentation process, and meanwhile, the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane has a certain rainproof function.
According to this disclosed embodiment, evenly set up a plurality of trompils in static ventilation compost case's bottom to insert the gas distribution pipeline in trompil department, the one end interface of gas distribution pipeline connects the aeration stone, be convenient for with gas homodisperse to the compost in, the other end interface of gas distribution pipeline connects the air-blower, the gas transport in the air-blower of being convenient for, wherein, trompil quantity in static compost case is not restricted to 4, the diameter of trompil is not restricted to 1cm, can rationally set for the number of trompil and the diameter of trompil as required.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since the expanded ptfe film is easily damaged, it is necessary to package other materials to ensure the life thereof without affecting the functionality of the expanded ptfe film. Therefore, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the polyester films are adopted in the inner and outer layers of the semi-permeable membrane, and the polyester films have certain functions of ultraviolet resistance and rainwater corrosion resistance and play a certain protection role in the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the static ventilating compost bin is made of polyethylene, the effective volume of the box body is 90L, and the static ventilating compost bin can be used for compost bins made of other materials and volumes and is not limited in more detail.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, composting includes: livestock and poultry excrement and straw.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the livestock manure comprises at least one of: cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, duck dung, and dung of other animals.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the straw comprises at least one of: wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw, and straw of other plants can also be used.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the compound bacteria liquid comprises a compound bacteria agent, brown sugar and water, wherein the brown sugar water is used as a nutrient substance of the compound bacteria agent.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the complex microbial inoculant comprises at least one of: lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus natto and bacillus, wherein the effective bacteria amount in the composite microbial agent is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/mL.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the livestock manure and the straws are mixed according to the weight ratio of 4-6: 1, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to be 19-30 and controlling the water content to be 50-60 percent.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the quality of compost products can be guaranteed by limiting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of livestock manure and straws to 19-30 and the water content to 50-60%. When the water content is too low, the activity of microorganisms is limited, and the composting efficiency is influenced; if the water content is higher, the porosity inside the compost body can be changed, so that an anaerobic environment is formed inside the compost, the growth and propagation of aerobic microorganisms are influenced, the decomposition degree of compost fermentation is reduced, and finally the quality of compost products is reduced.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, 1-5 wt% of the complex microbial inoculum is added into the compost for aerobic fermentation, wherein the adding amount of the complex microbial inoculum can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 wt% and the like.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, a proper amount of complex microbial inoculum is added to promote the decomposition of compost and the formation of humus in the compost, so that the quality of compost products is improved.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the compost is at 0.1m during fermentation 3 /h-0.5m 3 The ventilation volume of the/h is that air is introduced into the air distribution pipeline by a blower, and the air is equalized by the aeration stoneUniformly dispersing into compost body, and performing aerobic fermentation for 35-50 days to obtain compost product, wherein the ventilation time per day comprises 8-12 h.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the ventilation quantity in the air distribution pipeline is 0.1m 3 /h-0.5m 3 The ventilation volume is selected from 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5m 3 H, etc.; the ventilation time is 8-12h, wherein the ventilation time can be selected from 8, 9, 10, 11, 12h and the like.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, if the ventilation amount in the compost is insufficient, an anaerobic environment is formed inside the compost, so that the catabolism of aerobic microorganisms to organic matters is inhibited, and meanwhile, malodorous gas is generated to influence the composting effect. If the ventilation quantity in the compost body is too high, the heat in the compost is rapidly reduced, so that the system is difficult to maintain the higher temperature required by compost fermentation, pathogenic bacteria and straw seeds in the compost are easy to survive, and the effect of the compost product is also influenced.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the time for compost fermentation includes 35-50 days, wherein, optionally, 35, 38, 40, 42, 45, 48, 50 days, etc.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, a compost product is also provided, and the compost product has higher maturity, can promote plant growth and improve microbial ecology in soil.
The technical solution of the present disclosure is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific examples are illustrative only, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The chemicals and raw materials used in the following examples were either commercially available or self-prepared by a known preparation method.
Examples
Example 1
A method for promoting humus formation in a composting process is specifically operated as follows:
(1) constructing a film covering system: the compost test device adopts static ventilation compost case, and the box material is polyethylene, and the outside is wrapped up in order to reduce calorific loss with the heated board. The size of the box body is 70.5cm multiplied by 51cm multiplied by 43 cm. The bottom of the static ventilation compost box is uniformly provided with a gas distribution pipeline, an outlet at one end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, so that air can be uniformly dispersed in compost, the other end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with a small-sized blower and supplies oxygen for the compost at a proper flow rate, and the compost is arranged above the gas distribution pipeline. A thermometer insertion hole is formed in the middle of the static ventilating compost bin so that the temperature inside the compost can be recorded at any time. The top of the compost is covered with a semipermeable membrane, the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes with ultraviolet-proof and corrosion-proof functions, and the semipermeable membrane is provided by Qingdao Zhiteng aerobic composting membrane company.
(2) Composting and fermenting: the compost comprises cow dung and wheat straws, wherein the fresh cow dung is taken from a certain cow farm in Tianjin city; the wheat straws are purchased from Dezhou city of Shandong province in China, and the length of the wheat straws is about 3-5 cm. 60kg of fresh cow dung and 10kg of wheat straw were uniformly mixed to achieve a Moisture Content (MC) of 55% and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20. After mixing, the mixture is evenly divided into two parts which are respectively put into two static ventilating compost boxes, wherein the two static ventilating compost boxes are different in that one part is not covered by a semipermeable membrane and the other part is covered by the semipermeable membrane. Before composting begins, mixing 1 per mill of composite bacterial agent with a proper amount of glucose and distilled water to serve as composite bacterial liquid, and then adding the composite bacterial liquid into a composting static ventilating composting box covered by a semi-permeable membrane to serve as an experimental group; the other group did not use semipermeable membrane and complex bacteria solution as control group. During compost fermentation, the bottom of each static ventilating compost box is 0.1-0.5 m 3 Air was introduced at a flow rate of/h for 10h per day. The compost was turned every 7 days for a total fermentation time of 42 days. The temperature of the compost and the environment around the compost mass (9 am, 3 pm and 9 pm) were recorded 3 times a day through a temperature measuring hole provided in the middle of the static ventilated compost bin. The temperature change is shown in fig. 1; samples of the upper, middle and bottom layers of each pile were collected on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42, respectively. The samples were mixed well and stored at-20 ℃ for subsequent analysis: the results of the determination of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Humus (HS), Humic Acid (HA) and Fulvic Acid (FA) contents are shown in FIG. 2.
By monitoring the temperature in the compost fermentation process, the specific change of the temperature in the compost is shown in figure 1.
Fig. 1 is a graph of temperature change during composting for the experimental and control groups in example 1 of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature of both compost groups showed a tendency of rapidly rising and then slowly falling, and the compost of this example 1 reached a temperature of 50 ℃ or more the next day, and the maximum temperature reached 59.2 ℃. Composting can be divided into four phases according to the temperature change during composting: a temperature rise stage (0-2d), a high temperature stage (3-9d), a temperature reduction stage (10-24d) and a decomposition stage (25-42 d). The high temperature period of the experimental group reaches 10 days, and the requirements of harmless composting and standard sanitation in the past research are met. In general, the average temperature of the BI group (experimental group) was higher and the high temperature period was maintained longer than that of the control group (CK group), mainly because the film covered functional film prevented the heat loss of the compost, and the microbes in the BI group were more abundant and active, and the high temperature sustained during the composting process was beneficial to the reduction of harmful substances such as pathogens and weed seeds.
Humic substances mainly comprise humic acid, fulvic acid and humins, wherein Humic Acid (HA), also called humic acid, is only soluble in alkaline solution and not soluble in acidic solution; fulvic Acid (FA), soluble in both acidic and basic solutions; humin (Humin), it is insoluble in aqueous solutions of any condition, and has very low content of Humin and low bioavailability. Therefore, humic and fulvic acids were selected as the main subjects of humic substances in this disclosure.
FIG. 2A is a graph showing the change in total organic carbon concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure; FIG. 2B is a graph showing the change in total humic substance concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure; fig. 2C is a graph of the change in humic acid concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group of example 1 of the present disclosure; fig. 2D is a graph showing the change in fulvic acid concentration during composting for the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2A-D, the concentration of HS (humus) in the experimental and control groups decreased transiently at the early stage of compost fermentation, reflecting the degradation of labile compounds in HS. As the composting fermentation proceeded, the HS concentration gradually increased and stabilized until the end of the test. The contents of Humic Acid (HA) in both groups of treatments gradually increased during composting until the end of the test. The content of the Fulvic Acid (FA) is increased temporarily in the early stage of composting and then gradually reduced until the end of composting. Indicating that the microorganisms can use existing organic materials, including FA (fulvic acid), as an energy source to produce more structurally stable materials, such as HA. When the compost fermentation is finished, the HA content of the BI group is 16.02 percent higher than that of the CK group, the FA content is 21.24 percent lower than that of the CK group, the Humic Substance (HS) content is 9.35 percent higher than that of the BI group, and the degradation rate of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is improved by 2.8 percent.
It can be seen that the formation of HA was promoted by the coverage of the functional membrane and inoculation with the microbial inoculum. In addition, because the experimental group adopts the film covering technology, the temperature in the compost is higher, the water-retaining property of the compost is better, the microbial activity is stronger, the dissolution and degradation of the easily degradable organic matters are improved, and the efficiency of converting FA into HA is promoted.
Considering that the evaluation of the maturity of compost using only Humic Substances (HS), Humic Acid (HA) and Fulvic Acid (FA) is limited, a number of humification indices are used to evaluate the maturity of compost products, including Degree of Polymerization (DP), Humification Index (HI), Humification Rate (HR) and humic acid Percentage (PHA).
The humification index and the calculation formula thereof are as follows, the Humification Ratio (HR) is CHS/TOC multiplied by 100 percent; humification Index (HI) ═ CHA/TOC × 100%; percent Humic Acid (PHA) ═ CHA/CHS × 100%; degree of Polymerization (DP) ═ CHA/CFA. The results of calculating the humification index from the data obtained in FIG. 3 are shown in FIG. 3, where CHS represents the concentration of humic substances, CHA represents the concentration of humic acids, CFA represents the concentration of fulvic acids, and TOC represents the concentration of total organic carbon.
FIG. 3A is a graph showing the change in the humification ratio during composting in the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure; FIG. 3B is a graph showing the change in humification index during composting in the experimental group and the control group in example 1 of the present disclosure; FIG. 3C is a graph of the percent change in humic acid during composting for the experimental and control groups of example 1 of the disclosure; fig. 3D is a graph of the degree of polymerization during composting for the experimental and control groups in example 1 of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3A-D, in the experiment of example 1, the Humification Ratio (HR) of both sets of treatments showed a tendency to decrease first and then increase, reflecting that humification is more intense with the decomposition of organic matter; although the Humification Index (HI) is more stable in the early stages, it rises rapidly in the later stages, indicating an increased complexity of the Humus (HS) structure. The Percentage (PHA) and the Degree of Polymerization (DP) of humic acid treated by the two groups of bacteria also show a gradual rising trend, which reflects that the ratio of Humic Acid (HA) in mature compost is increased, and the decomposition degree in the compost is increased continuously, which indicates that the use of the film covering and the compound bacteria liquid is beneficial to the humification of the compost.
At the end of composting, the Degree of Polymerization (DP) of the BI treatment was 47.1% higher than CK (control), the rate of Humification (HR) was 13.12% higher, and for PHA, and HI, both significantly higher than the control. These results indicate that the use of the film and the complex microbial inoculum promotes the humification degree of the compost and the complexity of the humus structure.
Example 2
A method for promoting humus formation in a composting process is specifically operated as follows:
(1) constructing a film covering system: the composting test device adopts a static ventilation composting box, the box body is made of polyethylene plastic, and the outside of the box body is wrapped by a heat insulation board to reduce heat loss. The size of the box body is 70.5cm multiplied by 51cm multiplied by 43 cm. The bottom of the static ventilation compost box is uniformly provided with a gas distribution pipeline, an outlet at one end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, so that air can be uniformly dispersed in compost, the other end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with a small-sized blower and supplies oxygen for the compost at a proper flow rate, and the compost is arranged above the gas distribution pipeline. A thermometer insertion hole is formed in the middle of the static ventilating compost bin so that the temperature inside the compost can be recorded at any time. The top of the compost is covered with a semipermeable membrane, the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes with ultraviolet-proof and corrosion-proof functions, and the semipermeable membrane is provided by Qingdao Zhiteng aerobic composting membrane company.
(2) Composting and fermenting: the compost comprises cow dung and wheat straws, wherein the fresh cow dung is taken from a certain cow farm in Tianjin city; the wheat straws are purchased from Dezhou city of Shandong province in China, and the length of the wheat straws is about 3-5 cm.60kg of fresh cow dung and 10kg of wheat straw were uniformly mixed to achieve a water content (MC) of 50% and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 19. After mixing, the mixture is evenly divided into two parts which are respectively put into two static ventilating compost boxes, wherein the difference of the two static ventilating compost boxes is that one part is not covered by a semipermeable membrane, and the other part is covered by the semipermeable membrane. Before composting begins, mixing 1 per mill of composite bacterial agent with a proper amount of glucose and distilled water to serve as composite bacterial liquid, and then adding the composite bacterial liquid into a composting static ventilating composting box covered by a semi-permeable membrane to serve as an experimental group; the other group without using a semipermeable membrane and a compound bacteria liquid is an experimental group. During compost fermentation, the bottom of each static ventilating compost box is 0.1-0.5 m 3 Air was introduced at a flow rate of/h for 10h per day. The compost was turned every 7 days for a total fermentation time of 35 days.
In example 2, the organic matter content in the two experimental treatments decreased rapidly in the early stage, wherein the organic matter content in the treatment group using the film and the complex microbial inoculum decreased more rapidly, and the organic matter in the control group decreased more slowly, because the fermentation of the compost was promoted due to the enrichment of the microbial content in the experimental group. Although the total humic substance content of the experimental group and the control group is slightly reduced in the early stage, the total humic substance in the experimental group is obviously increased in the later stage of the composting process, wherein the humic acid content is obviously increased, the fulvic acid content is reduced, so that the temperature of the high-temperature stage of the composting is increased by the film covering and the inoculation of microbial inoculum, the degradation of organic matters in the composting and the conversion of the humic substances are promoted, and the humification degree is increased.
Example 3
A method for promoting humus formation in a composting process is specifically operated as follows:
(1) constructing a film covering system: the composting test device adopts a static ventilation composting box, the box body is made of polyethylene plastic, and the outside of the box body is wrapped by a heat insulation board to reduce heat loss. The size of the box body is 70.5cm multiplied by 51cm multiplied by 43 cm. The bottom of the static ventilation compost box is uniformly provided with a gas distribution pipeline, an outlet at one end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, so that air can be uniformly dispersed in compost, the other end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with a small-sized blower and supplies oxygen for the compost at a proper flow rate, and the compost is arranged above the gas distribution pipeline. A thermometer insertion hole is formed in the middle of the static ventilating compost bin so that the temperature inside the compost can be recorded at any time. The top of the compost is covered with a semipermeable membrane, the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes with ultraviolet-proof and corrosion-proof functions, and the semipermeable membrane is provided by Qingdao Zhiteng aerobic composting membrane company.
(2) Composting and fermenting: the compost comprises cow dung and wheat straws, wherein the fresh cow dung is taken from a certain cow farm in Tianjin city; the wheat straws are purchased from Dezhou city of Shandong province in China, and the length of the wheat straws is about 3-5 cm. 60kg of fresh cow dung and 10kg of wheat straw were uniformly mixed to adjust the water content to 55% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25. After mixing, the mixture is evenly divided into two parts which are respectively put into two static ventilating compost boxes, wherein the two static ventilating compost boxes are different in that one part is not covered by a semipermeable membrane and the other part is covered by the semipermeable membrane. Before composting begins, 1 per mill of composite bacterial agent, a proper amount of glucose and distilled water are mixed to serve as composite bacterial liquid, then the composite bacterial liquid is added into a composting static ventilating composting box covered by a semi-permeable membrane to serve as an experimental group, and the other group which does not use the composite bacterial liquid and the semi-permeable membrane serves as a control group. During compost fermentation, the bottom of each static ventilating compost box is 0.1-0.5 m 3 Air was introduced at a flow rate of/h for 10h per day. The compost was turned every 7 days for a total fermentation time of 42 days.
In example 3, through fermentation for 42 days, the organic matter content and the total humic acid content in the two groups of treatments were changed, and compared with the control group, the organic matter content in the experimental group was significantly reduced, the total humic acid content was increased, the humic acid content was significantly increased, and the fulvic acid content was reduced, which indicates that the degradation of organic matter and the conversion of humic acid in compost were promoted by the film coating and the inoculation of microbial inoculum, and the humification degree was improved.
Example 4
A method for promoting humus formation in a composting process is specifically operated as follows:
(1) constructing a film covering system: the composting test device adopts a static ventilation composting box, the box body is made of polyethylene plastic, and the outside of the box body is wrapped by a heat insulation board to reduce heat loss. The size of the box body is 70.5cm multiplied by 51cm multiplied by 43 cm. The bottom of the static ventilation compost box is uniformly provided with a gas distribution pipeline, an outlet at one end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, so that air can be uniformly dispersed in compost, the other end of the gas distribution pipeline is connected with a small-sized blower and supplies oxygen for the compost at a proper flow rate, and the compost is arranged above the gas distribution pipeline. A thermometer insertion hole is formed in the middle of the static ventilating compost bin so that the temperature inside the compost can be recorded at any time. The top of the compost is covered with a semipermeable membrane, the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester membranes with ultraviolet-proof and corrosion-proof functions, and the semipermeable membrane is provided by Qingdao Zhiteng aerobic composting membrane company.
(2) Composting and fermenting: the compost comprises cow dung and wheat straws, wherein the fresh cow dung is taken from a certain cow farm in Tianjin city; the wheat straws are purchased from Dezhou city of Shandong province in China, and the length of the wheat straws is about 3-5 cm. 60kg of fresh cow dung and 10kg of wheat straw were uniformly mixed to adjust the water content to 60% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30. After mixing, the mixture is evenly divided into two parts which are respectively put into two static ventilating compost boxes, wherein the two static ventilating compost boxes are different in that one part is not covered by a semipermeable membrane and the other part is covered by the semipermeable membrane. Before composting begins, 1 per mill of composite bacterial agent, a proper amount of glucose and distilled water are mixed to serve as composite bacterial liquid, then the composite bacterial liquid is added into a composting static ventilating composting box covered by a semi-permeable membrane to serve as an experimental group, and the other group which does not use the semi-permeable membrane and the composite bacterial liquid serves as the experimental group. During compost fermentation, the bottom of each static ventilating compost box is 0.1-0.5 m 3 Air was introduced at a flow rate of/h for 10h per day. The compost was turned every 7 days for a total fermentation time of 50 days.
In example 4, the organic content was significantly reduced and the total humic content was increased in both treatments by fermentation for 50 days, wherein humic acid content was significantly increased and fulvic acid content was decreased, but the control group varied less than the experimental group. The degradation of organic matters in the compost and the conversion of humus are promoted by the film covering and the inoculation of microbial inoculum, and the humification degree is improved.
In conclusion, by adopting the composting technology of film-covered fermentation and adding precursor compound bacteria liquid capable of synthesizing humification in the composting process, the synthesis of humus in the compost and the composting fermentation effect can be promoted, the humification effect is enhanced, the composting efficiency and quality are improved, and the compost can achieve greater production benefit.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A method of promoting humus formation in a composting process comprising:
providing composting and a coated composting system, wherein the coated composting system is constructed from:
uniformly placing gas distribution pipelines in the bottom of a static ventilation compost box, wherein one end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with an aeration stone, the other end of each gas distribution pipeline is connected with a blower, and the outside of the static ventilation compost box is wrapped by a heat insulation plate;
putting the compost into the static ventilated compost box, adding a compound bacterial liquid into the compost, covering a semipermeable membrane on the top of the compost, wherein the main material of the semipermeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and the inner layer and the outer layer are both polyester films,
and introducing gas into the gas distribution pipeline by using the blower, and dispersing the gas into the compost through an aeration stone for fermentation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composting comprises: livestock and poultry excrement and straw.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the livestock manure comprises at least one of: cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung and duck dung;
the straw comprises at least one of the following:
wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound bacteria liquid comprises compound bacteria agent, brown sugar and water.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the complex microbial inoculum comprises at least one of:
lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus natto and Bacillus.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the livestock manure and the straw are mixed in a weight ratio of 4-6: 1, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the straws to be 19-30, and controlling the water content to be 50-60%.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight of the complex microbial inoculum added to the compost is 1-5% wt.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the ventilation in the gas distribution duct is 0.1m 3 /h-0.5m 3 /h；
The ventilation time comprises the following steps: 8-12 h;
the fermentation time of the compost comprises: 35-50 days.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene has a pore size of 0.2-1 μ ι η.
10. A compost product obtained by the method of any of claims 1-9.
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| JP2019156695A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | Composting treatment accelerator and method for producing compost |
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