CN114848699A - 一种具有降尿酸功效的组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有降尿酸功效的组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114848699A CN114848699A CN202110160275.1A CN202110160275A CN114848699A CN 114848699 A CN114848699 A CN 114848699A CN 202110160275 A CN202110160275 A CN 202110160275A CN 114848699 A CN114848699 A CN 114848699A
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Abstract
本发明涉及营养健康产品领域，具体涉及一种具有降尿酸功效的组合物及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供的具有降尿酸功效的组合物包括β‑葡聚糖和植物提取物，其中，所述植物提取物选自绿茶提取物、菊花提取物、野菊花提取物、桑叶提取物、高良姜提取物、紫苏提取物、金银花提取物中的一种或两种以上的组合。本发明提供的组合物对无症状的高尿酸血症具有有效的降血尿酸作用，并且对痛风性关节炎具有辅助缓解炎症的良好作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及营养健康产品领域，具体涉及一种抗痛风降尿酸的组合物及 其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
高尿酸血症是由于嘌呤代谢紊乱和(或)尿酸排泄减少使血尿酸升高的 病变。持续的高尿酸血症导致尿酸盐晶体在关节沉积，是痛风发生的最直接 病因。由于痛风的表现通常为急性的痛风性关节炎，所以目前临床上痛风的 诊治策略是先控制痛风性关节炎的急性发作，预防急性关节炎复发，再予以 高尿酸血症的纠正。控制痛风性关节炎以抗炎镇痛药物为主。高尿酸血症的 纠正和长期管理是痛风治疗中的重要过程，根据人体高尿酸血症产生的原因， 目前降尿酸临床药物通常可分为抑制尿酸生成和促进尿酸排泄两大类。抑制 尿酸生成药主要是XO抑制剂，常见有别嘌醇、非布索坦。尿酸盐阴离子转 运蛋白(URAT1)位于肾脏的近曲小管，负责肾中约90％的尿酸的重吸收。 所以促进尿酸排泄药作用靶点主要是URAT1，抑制肾脏对尿酸盐的重吸收， 常见药物有丙磺舒、苯溴马隆、苯磺哇酮等。
无论是抗炎阵痛药，还是两类降尿酸药物，都存在明确的禁忌证、严重 的过敏反应风险和肝肾损害等副作用。非药物辅助治疗是应对痛风或高尿酸 血症非常有益且低成本的治疗手段。通过饮食和生活方式的改变可以有效改 善痛风患者的预后，特别是对于早期的患者。但对于高尿酸血症和痛风患者 来说，依从性和自我管控的能力可能是饮食和生活方式的改变最大的限制。
从天然产物中寻找预防和治疗痛风和高尿酸血症的成分可能是比较有潜 力的方向。高尿酸血症或痛风个体很可能伴随着体内氧化应激状态，造成慢 性炎症和其它疾病。目前的发明专利和实践中多以中药材组方为主。天然植 物药中富含多种活性成分，比如黄酮类、多糖类、醛酸类等，都具有一定的 抗氧化活性，能在一定程度上改善和缓解患者体内的氧化应激状态。如现有 技术CN 105395577B、CN 106474454B、CN 108524910A、CN108498783A、 CN 108391774A、CN 108030876A、CN 108522930A、CN 108450960A等利 用植物提取物制备降尿酸组合物。
但高尿酸血症和痛风的机制涉及多个方面，比如通过摄入外源性食物吸 收过多的嘌呤进入机体，尿酸代谢产生过多，肾脏对尿酸的排泄过少等都是 血尿酸水平升高的原因；急性痛风是高度炎症性的晶体关节炎，是细胞因子 级联激活的结果。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，现有技术中所公开的降低尿酸产品大多采用 多种抗氧化成分，由于活性成分过多、混杂不清，无法具有稳定持续的效果； 而对于仅将多种天然产物单纯堆叠在一起又无法明确地、系统地解决高尿酸血 症和痛风存在的问题。
本发明为解决上述问题：本发明提供一种能够稳定持续抑制血尿酸产生的 组合物。
本发明提供的组合物能够控制嘌呤的吸收、抑制血尿酸的产生、促进尿酸 排泄从而抑制血尿酸的产生。
另一方面，本发明提供的组合物具有抗氧化活性，能够改善体内氧化应激 状态，缓解炎症状态，抑制痛风炎症的急性发作和痛风相关疾病以及缓解痛风 炎症。
具体来说，本发明提出了如下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供一种具有降尿酸功效的组合物，所述组合物包 括β-葡聚糖和植物提取物，
其中，所述植物提取物选自绿茶提取物、菊花提取物、野菊花提取物、 桑叶提取物、高良姜提取物、紫苏提取物、金银花提取物中的一种或两种以 上的组合。
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖和植物提取物的质量比为2-5:3-30。
优选地，所述组合物包括β-葡聚糖、绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物。
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖、绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物的质量比为(2-5)： (2-10)：(1-20)；
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖、绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物的质量比为(4-5)： (4-6)：(2-10)。
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖为酵母β-葡聚糖，燕麦β-葡聚糖、灵芝β-葡聚 糖、香菇β-葡聚糖、裸藻β-葡聚糖中的一种或两种以上的组合；
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖为酵母β-葡聚糖。
优选地，所述组合物还包括竹叶黄酮或蜂胶中的一种或两种，
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖与竹叶黄酮的质量比为(2-5)：(20～40)；
或者，优选地，所述β-葡聚糖与蜂胶的质量比为(2-5)：(20～40)。
优选地，所述组合物还包括辅料；
优选地，所述辅料包括甜味剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、崩解剂和抗结剂中的 一种或两种以上的组合。
优选地，所述甜味剂选自葡萄糖或白砂糖中的一种或两种；
或者，优选地，所述稀释剂选自淀粉或微晶纤维素中的一种或两种；
或者，优选地，所述粘合剂选自羟丙基甲基纤维素；
或者，优选地，所述崩解剂选自羧甲基淀粉钠；
或者，优选地，所述抗结剂选自硬脂酸镁。
第二方面，本发明提供所述的组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下 述步骤：将β-葡聚糖和植物提取物混合均匀后，得到目标组合物。
第三方面，本发明提供所述的组合物在制备预防和/或治疗高尿酸、痛风 以及高尿酸血症诱发的2型糖尿病产品中的应用。
优选地，所述产品为药品、固体饮料、糖果、营养组合物或营养补充物。
优选地，所述药品为颗粒剂、片剂、散剂或胶囊剂。
本发明的有益效果包括：
1)本发明提供的组合物对无症状的高尿酸血症具有有效的降血尿酸作 用，防止机体引发痛风，以及因高尿酸血症诱发的其它疾病如2型糖尿病、 高血压、心血管疾病以及慢性肾病等。
2)本发明提供的组合物对痛风性关节炎具有辅助缓解炎症的作用，并可 用于痛风治疗过程中的高尿酸血症纠正和长期管理，降低血尿酸水平，缓解 机体氧化应激状态，减少机体的损伤。
具体实施方式
本发明针对现有技术中用于同时治疗痛风和降低尿酸的药物、食品或保 健品存在的缺陷，发明人经过锐意研究，首次采用了β-葡聚糖与多种植物提 取物共同制成了一种降低血尿酸水平，预防和治疗高尿酸血症和痛风的组合 物。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，所述组合物还添加了竹叶黄酮或蜂胶。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，所述组合物的核心为β-葡聚糖联合多 种黄酮类化合物协同发挥作用。
所述酵母β-葡聚糖是酿酒酵母细胞壁的主要成分，占细胞壁干重的 30％～60％，由吡喃糖分子通过β-(1→3)糖苷键和β-(1→6)糖苷键相互连接而 成。
β-葡聚糖具有增强机体免疫力、降低血糖和胆固醇、调节肠道健康等多 种生理活性。本发明中酵母β-葡聚糖能够减少肠道对嘌呤的吸收，抗氧化活 性缓解机体氧化应激，以及免疫调节作用改善急性痛风炎症。
黄酮类化合物自身有较强的抗氧化活性，对于黄嘌呤在被XO氧化成尿 酸的过程产生的超氧离子O2-等有很好的捕获和清除作用，所以其本身对如 高尿酸等慢性代谢性疾病体内的氧化应激有很好的缓解作用。
植物提取物种含有丰富的黄酮类物质，尤其是绿茶提取物、菊花提取物、 野菊花提取物、桑叶提取物、高良姜提取物、紫苏提取物、金银花提取物。
蜂胶富含芦丁、杨梅素、槲皮素、芹菜素、白杨素、高良姜素等众多黄 酮，总含量可达15％以上。竹叶黄酮中总黄酮含量大于等于24％，还富含粗 多糖。
对于本发明提供的组合物的制备和应用效果，下面将通过实施例进一步 说明。
本发明实施例中所用到各试剂和仪器来源如下：
表1实施例所用试剂和仪器
实施例1-15和对比例1-6
取如下表2中所示重量的组分，混匀后得到本发明提供的组合物。本发 明中酵母β-葡聚糖的含量为90％，实施例和对比例中均为酵母β-葡聚糖的有 效含量。
表2
实施例16对高尿酸血症大鼠模型的影响
将实施例1-15的降尿酸组合物和对比例1-6的降尿酸组合物用于高尿酸 血症大鼠，具体实验过程如下。
SPF级SD大鼠，雄性，体重(200±20)g。实验大鼠按照随机数字表法分 为空白对照组、模型对照组、实施例1-15组和对比例1-6组，每组10只。
将实施例1-15和对比例1-6的降尿酸组合物按2g/100mL配制成混悬 液。所有受试物溶液均按体重20mL/kg灌胃；空白组、模型组给予等容积蒸 馏水灌胃；每天1次，连续7天。
于末次给药前1h，腹腔注射次黄嘌呤250mg/kg，同时皮下注射氧嗪酸 钾100mg/kg造成高尿酸血症大鼠模型。
于末次给药后1h，大鼠股动脉采血，3000r/min离心10min，置于-80℃ 保存，用尿酸试剂盒检测血尿酸水平。对测定结果进行分析统计，如表3所 示。
表3
注：与空白组比较，**P<0.01；与模型组比较，ΔP<0.05，ΔΔP<0.01
从上述表3的检测结果可以看出：模型组相比于空白组，血尿酸水平显 著升高；对比例相对于模型组，血尿酸水平没有明显变化；在本发明实施例-15提供的组合物应用于高尿酸血症大鼠中，相对于模型组血尿酸水平都有 明显降低，尤其是实施例6-11组的大鼠的血尿酸水平有显著降低。
实施例17对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型的影响
将实施例1-15的降尿酸组合物和对比例1-6的降尿酸组合物用于急性痛 风性关节炎大鼠，具体实验过程如下。
SPF级SD大鼠，雄性，体重(200±20)g，随机分成6组，分别为正常对 照组、模型组、阳性对照组2(秋水仙碱组)、组合17-1、组合17-2和组合 17-3。所有实验组受试物用生理盐水配制成2g/100mL的混悬液，每天分别 灌胃给药1次，灌胃体积20mL/kg；秋水仙碱用生理盐水制成配200mg/100 mL，同体积灌胃；正常对照组、模型组给同体积生理盐水，连续7天。
于实验的第5天灌胃给药前，将模型组、秋水仙碱组、实验组的动物进 行造模：以碘酒、乙醇消毒局部，用l mL灭菌注射针在大鼠右侧距小腿(踝) 关节背侧，从45°方向插入至胫骨肌键内侧，感觉有脱空感后，将0.2mL 2.50％ 尿酸钠溶液注入到关节腔。正常对照组注射0.2mL生理盐水。
观察大鼠踝关节肿胀度的变化，造模后0，12，24h，采用傅线法测量右 后肢小腿踝关节同一部位周径，测3次，取均值，测量结果如表4所示。
造模72h后股动脉取血，凝固后，低温，3000r/min离心10min以分离 血清。采用ELISA法严格按照试剂说明书进行操作测定IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α 水平。结果如下表5所示。
表4
注：与空白组比较，**P<0.01；与模型组比较，ΔP<0.05，ΔΔP<0.01；
表5
注：与空白组比较，**P<0.01；与模型组比较，ΔP<0.05，ΔΔP<0.01；
由表4中结果可知，在造模24h内，模型组的肿胀度(周径)与空白对 照组比较显著增大；在本发明实施例1-15提供的组合物所对应的实验组在各 时间段均能抑制大鼠踝关节的肿胀度，尤其是实施例6-11组大鼠踝关节的肿 胀度，与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)；部分对比例实验组 也表现出大鼠踝关节肿胀度的抑制。
由表5中结果可知，模型组大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α含量与空 白对照组比较均明显升高(P<0.01)；和模型组相比较，实施例1-15提供的 组合物所对应的实验组在各时间段大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α含量显 著降低(P<0.05)，尤其是实施例6-11组大鼠血清中的炎症因子，相较于模 型组有显著的降低(P<0.01)。对比例实验组大鼠血清中的炎症因子，相较 于模型组也有不同程度的降低。
结果表明，本发明实施例1-15提供的组合物同秋水仙碱一样，能有效抑 制急性痛风型关节炎大鼠的踝关节肿胀程度，降低血清IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α 的水平。IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α是炎症趋化因子和激活因子，对它们的有效 抑制表明，组合物能有效抑制炎症的发生和发展，辅助治疗急性痛风性关节 炎。
本发明实施例1中酵母β-葡聚糖：野菊花提取物的重量比为4:10。实施 例7中较实施例1中增加了绿茶提取物，实施例7中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提 取物：野菊花提取物的重量比为4:4:10。从上表3中可以看出，实施例7的 组合物能够较实施例1的组合物降低大鼠的血尿酸水平。从表5中可以看出， 实施例7的组合物能够较实施例1的组合物，在降低炎症因子方面也有更好 的效果。
本发明实施例6中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物的重量比 为5:6:4，实施例7中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物的重量比 为4:4:10。本发明实施例8中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物的 重量比为5:10:1，实施例9中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物的 重量比为2:2:20。从上表3中可以看出，实施例6和7的组合物能够较实施 例8和9的组合物降低大鼠的血尿酸水平。
本发明实施例10中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物：竹叶 黄酮的重量比为4:4:10：32。实施例10中较实施例7增加了竹叶黄酮。从上 表3中可以看出，实施例10的组合物能够较实施例7的组合物降低大鼠的血 尿酸水平。
本发明实施例11中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物：蜂胶 的重量比为4:4:10：32。实施例11中较实施例7增加了蜂胶。从上表3中可 以看出，实施例11的组合物能够较实施例7的组合物降低大鼠的血尿酸水平。 从表4中也可以看出，实施例11的组合物能够较实施例7的组合物降低大鼠 踝关节的肿胀度。
本发明实施例12中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物的重量 比为10:2:2。实施例12的组合物与实施例7的组合物均是以酵母β-葡聚糖、 绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物制备得到，区别在于各组分的用量不同。从表3 可以看出，实施例7的组合物较实施例12的组合物具有更好的降低血尿酸水 平的效果。从表4和表5中也可以看出，实施例7的组合物较实施例12的组 合物，更能降低踝关节肿胀程度和炎症因子水平。
本发明实施例13中酵母β-葡聚糖：桑叶提取物：高良姜提取物的重量 比为10:1:1。实施例3中酵母β-葡聚糖：桑叶提取物：高良姜提取物的重量 比为5:6:4。从表3可以看出，实施例3的组合物较实施例13的组合物具有 更好的降低血尿酸水平的效果。从表4和表5中也可以看出，实施例3的组 合物较实施例13的组合物，更能降低踝关节肿胀程度和炎症因子水平。。
实施例14中酵母β-葡聚糖：紫苏提取物：金银花提取物的重量比为 10:2:2。实施例4中酵母β-葡聚糖：紫苏提取物：金银花提取物的重量比为 2:10:20。从表3可以看出，实施例4的组合物较实施例14的组合物具有更 好的降低血尿酸的水平的效果。从表4中可以看出，实施例4的组合物较实 施例14的组合物，更能降低踝关节肿胀程度，从表5可以看出，实施例4 的组合物作用的大鼠的部分炎症因子水平较实施例14也更低。
实施例15中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物的重量比为1:40。实施例2中 酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物的重量比为4:4。从表3可以看出，实施例2的 组合物较实施例15的组合物具有更好的降低血尿酸的水平的效果。
实施例6中酵母β-葡聚糖：绿茶提取物：野菊花提取物的重量比为5:6:4。 实施例3中酵母β-葡聚糖：桑叶提取物：高良姜提取物的重量比为5:6:4。 从表3可以看出，实施例6的组合物较实施例3的组合物具有更好的降低血 尿酸的水平的效果。从表4和表5中也可以看出，实施例3的组合物较实施 例6的组合物，更能降低踝关节肿胀程度和炎症因子水平。
上述实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例，其说明只是用于理解本发明的方 法及核心思想，并不用于限制本发明。应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人 员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进、修 饰和等同替换，这些改进和修饰也将落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (12)
1.一种具有降尿酸功效的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物包括β-葡聚糖和植物提取物，
其中，所述植物提取物选自绿茶提取物、菊花提取物、野菊花提取物、桑叶提取物、高良姜提取物、紫苏提取物、金银花提取物中的一种或两种以上的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述β-葡聚糖和植物提取物的质量比为2-5:3-30。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物包括β-葡聚糖、绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述β-葡聚糖、绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物的质量比为(2-5)：(2-10)：(1-20)；
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖、绿茶提取物和野菊花提取物的质量比为(4-5)：(4-6)：(2-10)。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述β-葡聚糖为酵母β-葡聚糖，燕麦β-葡聚糖、灵芝β-葡聚糖、香菇β-葡聚糖、裸藻β-葡聚糖中的一种或两种以上的组合；
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖为酵母β-葡聚糖。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物还包括竹叶黄酮或蜂胶中的一种或两种，
优选地，所述β-葡聚糖与竹叶黄酮的质量比为(2-5)：(20～40)；
或者，优选地，所述β-葡聚糖与蜂胶的质量比为(2-5)：(20～40)。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物还包括辅料；
优选地，所述辅料包括甜味剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、崩解剂和抗结剂中的一种或两种以上的组合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述甜味剂选自葡萄糖或白砂糖中的一种或两种；
或者，优选地，所述稀释剂选自淀粉或微晶纤维素中的一种或两种；
或者，优选地，所述粘合剂选自羟丙基甲基纤维素；
或者，优选地，所述崩解剂选自羧甲基淀粉钠；
或者，优选地，所述抗结剂选自硬脂酸镁。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：将β-葡聚糖和植物提取物混合均匀后，得到目标组合物。
10.权利要求1-8任一项所述的组合物在制备预防和/或治疗高尿酸、痛风以及高尿酸血症诱发的2型糖尿病产品中的应用。
11.根据权利要求10所述的应用，其特征在于，所述产品为药品、固体饮料、糖果、营养组合物或营养补充物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用，其特征在于，所述药品为颗粒剂、片剂、散剂或胶囊剂。
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