CN114848698A - 一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒及其制备方法，涉及中草药饲料添加剂技术领域。本发明所述青蒿常山泡腾颗粒是分别制备青蒿常山醇提包合物、复方水提物，然后将青蒿常山醇提包合物、复方水提物和碳酸氢钠以及水溶性淀粉混合均匀后挤压造粒，得到青蒿常山泡腾颗粒。本发明所述青蒿常山泡腾颗粒能够提高对鱼类柱状曲桡杆菌的抗菌效果，改善鱼类免疫力和水质环境，提高产品对鱼类细菌性烂鳃病的防治效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中草药饲料添加剂，具体涉及一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技
细菌性烂鳃病是淡水鱼类养殖中三大疾病之一，其病原是柱状曲桡杆菌。该病常见于草鱼、青鱼，鲤、鲫、鲢、鲂、鳙，幼鱼或成鱼均可发生。细菌性烂鳃病常与赤皮病和细菌性肠炎病并发，往往引起鱼体色发黑，尤以头部为甚，因此又称为“乌头瘟”。病鱼游动缓慢，反应迟钝，呼吸困难，食欲减退；鳃片上有泥灰色、白色或蜡黄色斑点；鳃盖骨中央的内表皮常被腐蚀成圆形或不规则的透明小窗，故有“开天窗”之称。由该病引发的多重感染，往往加剧疾病的发生，从而导致鱼类死亡。病鱼死亡率高达90％以上。
青蒿常山颗粒收载于《兽药质量标准》(2017年版)中药卷，具有清热、凉血、止痢的功效。然而，针对鱼类细菌性烂鳃病的防治技术中尚无利用青蒿常山的相关研究和报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备青蒿常山包合物
将等质量的青蒿和常山混合后进行加热醇提，过滤后得到滤液和青蒿常山滤渣，将滤液进行浓缩处理，得到相对密度为0.92～0.95的青蒿常山醇提液；将青蒿常山滤渣在90～110℃温度下干燥10～15小时；
将所述青蒿常山提取液和β-环糊精按质量比为1:5混合，干燥、粉碎过筛后得到青蒿常山醇提包合物；
(4)制备复方水提物
称取干燥后的青蒿常山滤渣295～300重量份，100重量份黄芪和100重量份白头翁充分混合后，加入占总物料8倍重量的水，加热煮沸提取2.5小时，过滤得到提取液和滤渣，将滤渣加水进行二次加热煮沸提取2.0小时，过滤后合并提取液，浓缩、喷雾干燥得到复方水提物；
(5)制备泡腾颗粒
将1重量份青蒿常山醇提包合物、2重量份复方水提物、0.06重量份碳酸氢钠以及1重量份水溶性淀粉混合均匀后挤压造粒，得到青蒿常山泡腾颗粒。
优选的，步骤(1)是利用乙醇进行加热醇提，所述乙醇质量浓度为55％～98％。
优选的，步骤(1)所述加热温度为50℃，加热时间为2～3小时。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明所述青蒿常山泡腾颗粒能够提高对鱼类柱状曲桡杆菌的抗菌效果，改善鱼类免疫力和水质环境，提高产品对鱼类细菌性烂鳃病的防治效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)制备青蒿常山包合物
将等质量的青蒿和常山混合后加入乙醇(乙醇质量浓度为95％)在50℃下醇提3小时，过滤后得到滤液和青蒿常山滤渣，将滤液进行浓缩处理，得到相对密度为0.93的青蒿常山醇提液；将青蒿常山滤渣在100℃温度下干燥12小时；
将所述青蒿常山提取液和β-环糊精按质量比为1:5混合，干燥、粉碎过筛后得到青蒿常山醇提包合物；
(2)制备复方水提物
称取干燥后的青蒿常山滤渣296重量份，100重量份黄芪和100重量份白头翁充分混合后，加入占总物料8倍重量的水，加热煮沸提取2.5小时，过滤得到提取液和滤渣，将滤渣加水进行二次加热煮沸提取2.0小时，过滤后合并提取液，浓缩、喷雾干燥得到复方水提物；
(3)制备泡腾颗粒
将1重量份青蒿常山醇提包合物、2重量份复方水提物、0.06重量份碳酸氢钠以及1重量份水溶性淀粉混合均匀后挤压造粒，得到青蒿常山泡腾颗粒。
实施例2
(1)制备青蒿常山包合物
将等质量的青蒿和常山混合后加入乙醇(乙醇质量浓度为95％)在50℃下醇提3小时，过滤后得到滤液和青蒿常山滤渣，将滤液进行浓缩处理，得到相对密度为0.94的青蒿常山醇提液；将青蒿常山滤渣在110℃温度下干燥10小时；
将所述青蒿常山提取液和β-环糊精按质量比为1:5混合，干燥、粉碎过筛后得到青蒿常山醇提包合物；
(2)制备复方水提物
称取干燥后的青蒿常山滤渣297重量份，100重量份黄芪和100重量份白头翁充分混合后，加入占总物料8倍重量的水，加热煮沸提取2.5小时，过滤得到提取液和滤渣，将滤渣加水进行二次加热煮沸提取2.0小时，过滤后合并提取液，浓缩、喷雾干燥得到复方水提物；
(3)制备泡腾颗粒
将1重量份青蒿常山醇提包合物、2重量份复方水提物、0.06重量份碳酸氢钠以及1重量份水溶性淀粉混合均匀后挤压造粒，得到青蒿常山泡腾颗粒。
实施例3
(1)制备青蒿常山包合物
将等质量的青蒿和常山混合后加入乙醇(乙醇质量浓度为95％)在50℃下醇提3小时，过滤后得到滤液和青蒿常山滤渣，将滤液进行浓缩处理，得到相对密度为0.95的青蒿常山醇提液；将青蒿常山滤渣在92℃温度下干燥13小时；
将所述青蒿常山提取液和β-环糊精按质量比为1:5混合，干燥、粉碎过筛后得到青蒿常山醇提包合物；
(2)制备复方水提物
称取干燥后的青蒿常山滤渣298重量份，100重量份黄芪和100重量份白头翁充分混合后，加入占总物料8倍重量的水，加热煮沸提取2.5小时，过滤得到提取液和滤渣，将滤渣加水进行二次加热煮沸提取2.0小时，过滤后合并提取液，浓缩、喷雾干燥得到复方水提物；
(3)制备泡腾颗粒
将1重量份青蒿常山醇提包合物、2重量份复方水提物、0.06重量份碳酸氢钠以及1重量份水溶性淀粉混合均匀后挤压造粒，得到青蒿常山泡腾颗粒。
药效评价
用上述实施例1制得的产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒进行投喂治疗试验。
使用方法：每50kg于每天用产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒280g，使用时预先与2倍量颗粒饲料简单混合，投喂药饵前停喂1～2天，然后先投喂少量饲料诱鱼，再将混合好的药饵全部投喂，每天1次，连投5～7天。
病例筛选与用药试验：江苏无锡养殖户王某养鱼场，共计12个池塘，养殖草鱼面积90亩。其中5号和6号池塘，各有7.5亩，池塘深度1.5米，水深1.0米，养殖草鱼幼鱼，60～80g，两个池塘发病死亡320条。经农技员现场检查，发现鳃丝肿胀，鳃上粘液多，鳃的部分呈淡红色，体表无出血点；新鲜死亡的胆囊肿大，肝脏呈花肝样，少数鱼肠壁出血，部分有白色或淡黄色浓液；取该浓液样品，显微镜检可见大量细长、滑行杆菌。从而确诊为柱状曲桡杆菌感染引起的细菌性烂鳃病。立即采用产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒，按上述使用方法制成药饵进行投喂治疗。22号发病予以诊断，23号早上9:00开始投喂第一次药饵，25号投喂完第三次药饵后全天死亡数量下降为89条，26号第四次继续投喂药饵后全天死亡数量下降为20条，27号投药后仅死亡5条，28-29号继续投喂第六和第七次药物，两塘草鱼已完全停止了死亡。试验证实，采用上述实施例1制得的产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒能有效治疗草鱼细菌性烂鳃病。
用上述实施例2制得的产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒A和上述实施例3制得的产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒B进行投喂治疗试验。
使用方法：每50kg于每天用产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒280g，使用时预先与2倍量颗粒饲料简单混合，投喂药饵前停喂1～2天，然后先投喂少量饲料诱鱼，再将混合好的药饵全部投喂，每天1次，连投5～7天。
病例筛选与用药试验：湖北武汉养殖户李某某养鱼场，共计10个池塘，养殖大口黑鲈面积85亩。全部鱼塘发生发病并有死亡，每塘死亡80～150条。兽医现场检查，发现鳃丝肿胀，鳃上粘液多；死鱼胆囊多肿大，肝脏呈花肝样，少数鱼肠壁出血；取样显微镜检可见大量细长、滑行杆菌。从而确诊为柱状曲桡杆菌感染引起的细菌性烂鳃病。用药前当日1～5号塘与6～10号塘均分别共计死亡约800～900条。立即采用产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒，按上述使用方法制成药饵进行投喂治疗。1～5号塘用青蒿常山泡腾颗粒A，6～10号塘用青蒿常山泡腾颗粒B。连续投喂三天后，死亡率明显降低，1～5号塘共计死亡402条，6～10号塘共计死亡393条；连续投喂五天后，1～5号塘共计死亡53条，6～10号塘共计死亡55条；连续投喂七天后，1～5号塘当日共计死亡1条，6～10号塘当日无死亡。试验证实，采用上述实施例2制得的产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒A和采用上述实施例3制得的产品青蒿常山泡腾颗粒B能有效治疗草鱼细菌性烂鳃病。
需要说明的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例，显然本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，还可以有其他变形。本领域的技术人员从本发明公开内容直接导出或间接引申的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备青蒿常山包合物
将等质量的青蒿和常山混合后进行加热醇提，过滤后得到滤液和青蒿常山滤渣，将滤液进行浓缩处理，得到相对密度为0.92～0.95的青蒿常山醇提液；将青蒿常山滤渣在90～110℃温度下干燥10～15小时；
将所述青蒿常山醇提液和β-环糊精按质量比为1:5混合，干燥、粉碎过筛后得到青蒿常山醇提包合物；
(2)制备复方水提物
称取干燥后的青蒿常山滤渣295～300重量份，100重量份黄芪和100重量份白头翁充分混合后，加入占总物料8倍重量的水，加热煮沸提取2.5小时，过滤得到提取液和滤渣，将滤渣加水进行二次加热煮沸提取2.0小时，过滤后合并提取液，浓缩、喷雾干燥得到复方水提物；
(3)制备泡腾颗粒
将1重量份青蒿常山醇提包合物、2重量份复方水提物、0.006重量份碳酸氢钠以及1重量份水溶性淀粉混合均匀后挤压造粒，得到青蒿常山泡腾颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)是利用乙醇进行加热醇提，所述乙醇质量浓度为55％～98％。
3.根据权利要求2所述用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述加热温度为50℃，加热时间为2～3小时。
4.一种用于治疗细菌性烂鳃病的青蒿常山泡腾颗粒，其特征在于，利用权利要求1～3任意一种方法制备而成。
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