CN111789932A - 一种治疗猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗由病毒性疾病引起的猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂及其制备方法,该复方中药制剂是由麻黄、桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花、鲜竹叶、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓等为原料混合制成,其可有效治疗因非洲猪瘟、蓝耳病毒、猪瘟和猪圆环病毒等病毒性疾病引起猪肺炎综合症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗病毒性疾病引起猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)是一类古老的病毒,于1921年在非洲肯尼亚首次发现,至今有约100年的历史。非洲猪瘟即是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的家猪、野猪的一种急性、热性、高度接触性动物传染病,所有品种和年龄的猪均可感染。世界动物卫生组织将其列为法定报告动物疫病,中国也将其列为一类动物疫病,其可造成生猪生产严重障碍,整体产能下降5至7成。
ASFV可经过口和上呼吸道系统进入猪体,在鼻咽部或是扁桃体发生感染,病毒迅速蔓延到下颌淋巴结,通过淋巴和血液遍布全身。发病率通常在40%-85%之间,死亡率因感染的毒株不同而有所差异。高致病性毒株死亡率可高达90%-100%;中等致病性毒株对成年动物的死亡率在20%-40%之间,对幼年动物的死亡率在70%-80%之间;低致病性毒株死亡率在10%-30%之间。自然感染潜伏期5~9天,临床实验感染则为2~5天,发病时体温升高至41℃,约持续四天,直到死前四十八小时,体温始下降为其特征,同时临床症状直到体温下降才显示出来,故与猪瘟体温升高时症状出现不同,最初三至四日发热期间,猪没有食欲,显出极度脆弱,猪只躺在舍角,强迫赶起要它走动,则显示出极度累弱,尤其后肢更甚,脉搏动快,咳嗽,呼吸快约三分之一,显呼吸困难,浆液或粘液脓性结膜炎,有些毒株会引起带血之下痢,呕吐,血液变化似猪瘟,从三至五个病例中显示有50%之白血球数减少的现象,淋巴球也同样减少,体温升高时发生白血球性贫血,至第四日白血球数便降至40%才不下降,未成熟中性球数增加也可观察到,往往发热后第七天死亡,或症状出现仅一、二天便死亡。病理变化主要是呼吸系统:喉、会厌有瘀斑充血及扩散性出血,比猪瘟更甚,瘀斑有发生於气管前三分之一处,镜检下,肠有充血而没有出血病灶,肺泡则呈现出血现象,淋巴球呈破裂。因为该病毒主要攻击肺的巨噬细胞,因此感染该病毒引起的致命主要是肺脏的症状严重,尤其是非瘟发展近2年,该病的发展主要以呼吸衰竭为主,有些非商品化疫苗使用场,出现的症状主要是呼吸衰竭,因此,针对非洲猪瘟的引发的肺炎的治疗有现实的意义。同时,肺炎的发生,也是我国当前生猪生产最主要的疾病,80%的死亡,都和肺炎有关,如近几年发展较为严重的猪的呼吸繁殖障碍综合症(PRRSV),猪的副嗜杆菌病,猪肺疫,猪的支原体等,都和猪的肺炎息息相关。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗病毒性疾病引起猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂及其制备方法,该复方中药制剂对病毒性疾病引起的猪肺炎综合症有良好的治疗效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种治疗病毒性疾病引起的猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂,其是由麻黄、桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花、鲜竹叶、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香按重量比5:5:5:3:3:5:5:3:3:5:5:5:3:3:5:5:3:3:5:3:3:5:5:5:3:3:5制成。
所述复方中药制剂的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)将桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花和鲜竹叶按料液质量比1:3加水,熬制3小时,过滤,分别获得滤液A和滤渣A;
2)将麻黄、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香按料液质量比1:2加水,熬制3小时,过滤,分别获得滤液B和滤渣B;
3)按质量比1:3分别在所得滤液A、B中添加赋形剂,然后经喷雾干燥后再制粒,分装;将滤渣A和滤渣B烘干,粉碎并过100目筛,然后与制得的颗粒均匀混合在一起,即得所述复方中药制剂。
本发明配方中的连翘有清热解毒、消肿散结作用,用于痈疽、瘰疬、乳痈、丹毒、温病初起、温热入营、高热烦渴、神昏发斑、热淋尿闭等症,尤其对于病毒引起的高热有积极作用;而鲜竹叶的添加有清热除烦、生津利尿的功效,两者结合使用有明显的协同作用,对因病毒性引起的高热和尿滞留等症侯有明显改善效果。而方中的泽泻、猪苓、白术、柴胡、生姜、细辛、山药、积实、霍香等,主要用于治疗病毒疾病引起的炎症因子风暴而诱发的严重肺炎症状。本发明将具有清热解毒作用的桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花、鲜竹叶,与具有清肺通气功能的炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术等原料结合使用,可以发挥清热解毒和祛痰利肺的双重功能,有效缓解发病猪的肺部炎症,用其治疗非瘟等引起的肺炎显示出良好的治疗效果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例
一种治疗病毒性疾病引起的猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂,其是由麻黄、桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花、鲜竹叶、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香按重量比5:5:5:3:3:5:5:3:3:5:5:5:3:3:5:5:3:3:5:3:3:5:5:5:3:3:5制成。
所述复方中药制剂的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)将桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花和鲜竹叶共同加入提取罐中,然后按料液质量比1:3加水,熬制3小时,过滤,分别获得滤液A和滤渣A;
2)将麻黄、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香共同加入另一提取罐中,然后按料液质量比1:2加水,熬制3小时,过滤,分别获得滤液B和滤渣B;
3)按质量比1:3分别在所得滤液A、B中添加赋形剂,然后经喷雾干燥后再制粒,分装;将滤渣A和滤渣B烘干,粉碎并过100目筛,然后与制得的颗粒均匀混合在一起,即得所述复方中药制剂。
应用实施例1 毒性实验
l. 材料与方法
1.1试验材料
1.1.1试验药物:桔梗,连翘,知母,黄连,金银花,鲜竹叶,麻黄,炙甘草、杏仁,生石膏,桂枝,泽泻,猪苓,白术,茯苓,柴胡,黄芩,半夏,生姜,紫菀,冬花,射干,细辛,山药,积实,陈皮,霍香购自中药批发市场。
1.1.2试验动物:某个畜牧生态养殖专业合作社年存栏800头母猪繁殖场。
1.2试验方法
1.2.1 慢性毒性试验
以本发明实施例3制得的中西药组合为试验,采用灌胃给药方式,在24h内连续给药3次,每次间隔6h,每次给药200mg/kg药量,每天累积药物总量达600mg药物/kg,相当于临床用量的100倍。给药后7d内,小猪的活动、进食、排泄均正常,生长良好,毛色光亮,其平均体重均随实验时间的延长而增加。第15d处死后解剖每只猪,肉眼观察心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、胸腺、胃、肠等均未发现颜色及形态异常,未能测出半数致死量(LD50)。结果表明:本发明中西药组合无慢性毒性反应。
1.2.2 长期毒性试验
以本发明实施例3制得的中西药组合为试验,采用灌胃给药方式,将本发明中西药组合分为低剂量、中剂量、高剂量三组,各组的药物用量分别为60、120、180mg药物/kg/d,相 当于临床剂量的10、20、30倍。灌胃给药24周后,本发明药物对动物的一般状况、血液学指标、血液生化指标均无明显的影响,系统解剖、脏器系数及组织病理学检查也未发现异常病 理改变。停药2周也未见明显改变。结果表明:本发明中西药组合在长期毒性试验中,未发现明显毒性反应和延迟毒性反应。可见,本发明中西药组合无毒性反应,长期用药安全可靠。
应用实施例2 临床治疗试验
l. 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 试验药物:麻黄、桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花、鲜竹叶、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香购自中药批发市场。
1.1.2 对照药物:强力霉素和泰乐菌素。
1.1.3 试验动物:某三个畜牧生态养殖专业合作社年存栏1000,600和500头母猪繁殖场收集的发病猪共80头,分别分为6个中药方试验组(具体配方见表1)、抗生素治疗组、空白对照组,每组10头猪。
表1 不同试验组中药配方
2. 结果
发病猪的临床预防效果见表2。
表2
表2结果显示,中药方试验组对发病猪的治疗效果明显,其中配方4的死亡率下降至2.34%,呼吸症状的改善达98%,发病率也下降到3.43%,证明应用配方4具有较好的临床治疗效果,且给母猪添加复方中药制剂对母猪产奶及全身无不良反应。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗病毒性疾病引起的猪肺炎综合症的复方中药制剂,其特征在于:所述复方中药制剂是由麻黄、桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花、鲜竹叶、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香按重量比5:5:5:3:3:5:5:3:3:5:5:5:3:3:5:5:3:3:5:3:3:5:5:5:3:3:5制成。
2.一种如权利要求1所述复方中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)将桔梗、连翘、知母、黄连、金银花和鲜竹叶按料液质量比1:3加水,熬制3小时,过滤,分别获得滤液A和滤渣A;
2)将麻黄、炙甘草、杏仁、生石膏、桂枝、泽泻、猪苓、白术、茯苓、柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、紫菀、冬花、射干、细辛、山药、积实、陈皮、霍香按料液质量比1:2加水,熬制3小时,过滤,分别获得滤液B和滤渣B;
3)按质量比1:3分别在所得滤液A、B中添加赋形剂,然后经喷雾干燥后再制粒,分装;将滤渣A和滤渣B烘干,粉碎并过100目筛,然后与制得的颗粒均匀混合在一起,即得所述复方中药制剂。
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