CN108771754B - 一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于兽药领域，公开一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物及其制备方法。以重量份计，所述中药组合物的原料药组成为：补骨脂20‑40份、女贞子20‑40份、山药20‑40份、黄精5‑15份、炮姜10‑20份、川芎20‑40份、柴胡5‑10份、陈皮5‑10份、车前草5‑15份、甘草5‑10份。本发明组方确能够起到治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎，减少麻点蛋、血斑蛋数量，改善冠白，改善蛋壳质量和蛋壳颜色的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药领域，特别涉及一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
输卵管炎是产蛋鸡的一种常见病，产蛋高峰期易发。临床上以卵巢炎、输卵管炎、腹膜炎为特征。因其临床表现多种多样，但均以引起产蛋鸡产蛋率下降，产劣质蛋，如薄壳蛋、软壳蛋、沙皮蛋、畸形蛋、白皮蛋、小型蛋等为主要症状。
鸡舍卫生条件差、饮水大肠杆菌超标、维生素缺乏、寄生虫感染、细菌感染、病毒感染等多种因素均可引起产蛋鸡输卵管炎。其中大肠杆菌病引起的输卵管炎最为常见，如《禽病学》（Y.M.Saif、A.M.Fadly等，中国农业出版社，2012年第12版）：大肠杆菌引起的输卵管炎可以导致产蛋鸡和种鸡产蛋下降及散发性死亡，当大肠杆菌从泄殖腔上行到输卵管时便发生感染，生殖道内注射大量细菌（109个）可人工复制该病。病毒（如传染性支气管炎病毒）或支原体感染粘膜也可以诱发输卵管炎。目前西医治疗主要以抗菌消炎为主；但目前随着诺氟沙星等常用输卵管炎治疗西药被禁用（农业部公告2292号），加上国家对鸡蛋药残检测控制力度空前加强，产蛋鸡用药无抗化已成为行业共识和必然选择。
中医治疗方面，产蛋鸡大肠杆菌病引发的输卵管炎，根据上述临床症状常辨证为湿热泻痢，常用黄连、苦参、黄柏、白头翁、穿心莲、秦皮等清热燥湿药味组合，兽医上常见四黄止痢颗粒、白头翁口服液、白龙颗粒等，但我们通过近3年在临床实际应用中发现上述方剂其用于治疗产蛋鸡输卵管炎疗效不佳，病情容易反复；临床也有使用中药散剂如激蛋散、蛋鸡宝、益母增蛋散等温补类散剂，也存在临床治疗效果差（治愈率低和见效慢）、性价比低（比如所用肉苁蓉市场价格200元/kg、菟丝子40元/kg，导致产品价格过高，不适合猪鸡等经济动物）等不足，加之市场其他动保品类（生物制剂和微生态制剂）不能满足复杂病情防控的治疗需要等问题，随着国家食品安全监管加强和鸡蛋药残抽检力度加大，开发一种确确实实经济、高效、绿色、使用方便的治疗产蛋鸡输卵管炎中药制剂成为迫切市场需求。
发明内容
为克服现有技术产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎治疗技术效果不理想和性价比较低的不足，本发明的目的在于为蛋禽养殖提供一种安全性好、毒副作用小、疗效确切、无耐药性的用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期（300-450日龄）输卵管炎的中药组合物，以重量份计，所述中药组合物的原料药组成为：补骨脂20-40份、女贞子20-40份、山药20-40份、黄精5-15份、炮姜10-20份、川芎20-40份、柴胡5-10份、陈皮5-10份、车前草5-15份、甘草5-10份。
较好地，以重量份计，所述中药组合物的原料药组成为：补骨脂30份、女贞子30份、山药30份、黄精10份、炮姜15份、川芎30份、柴胡5份、陈皮5份、车前草10份、甘草5份。
本发明中药组合物可按照但不仅限于按照下法制备获得：按重量份数称取各原料药，分别粉碎后，混匀，即可。
较好地，粉碎至40-200目。
本发明各组分皆采购市售品即可，所述组合物的组方原理如下：
补骨脂：为豆科植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L. 的果实，亦名破故纸、婆固脂（《药性论》）等，味辛、苦，性温，入肾、脾经；功能：补肾助阳、固精缩尿、温脾止泻；主治：肾虚冷泻、虚寒喘嗽等，临床常用于肾阳虚弱、寒湿内侵之痹证。
女贞子：为木犀科植物女贞 Ligustrum lucidum Ait. 的果实，亦名冬青子（《济急仙方》）、女贞实（《本经》），味苦、甘，性平，入肝、肾经；功能：补肝肾、强腰膝、清热、明目；主治：阴虚内热；常用于补肝肾、清热明目。
山药：为薯蓣科植物薯蓣 Dioscorea opposita Thunb. 的块茎，亦名署预（《山海经》），薯蓣、山芋（《本经》），淮山药（《饮片新参》）等，味甘，性平，入肺、脾、肾经；功能：健脾、补肺、固肾、益精；主治：脾虚泄泻；常用于治疗脾胃虚弱。
黄精：为百合科植物黄精 Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute的根茎，味甘，性平，入脾、肺、肾经；功能：补中益气、润心肺、补肾益精、强筋骨；主治：虚损寒热，常用于补脾益气、滋阴润肺，功偏补阴。
炮姜：干姜的炮制加工品，辛，热，归脾、胃、肾经，温经止血、温中止痛，常用于阳虚失血、脾胃虚寒、腹痛吐泻。
川芎：为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum wallichii Franch. 的根茎，亦名芎藭（《本经》）、抚芎（《丹溪心法》）等，味辛，性温，入肝、胆经；功能：行气开郁、祛风燥湿、活血止痛；主治：胁痛腹疼、月经不调、经闭痛经、难产、产后淤阻疼痛、痈疽疮疡等，其辛散温通，常用于行气开郁、活血止痛。
柴胡：为伞形科植物柴胡（北柴胡，硬柴胡）Bupleurum chinense DC.、狭叶柴胡（南柴胡，软柴胡）Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. 或同属数种植物的干燥根，味苦、辛，性微寒，入肝、胆经；功能：和解表里、疏肝解郁、升阳举陷；主治：寒热往来、胸满胁痛、疟疾、下痢脱肛等。
陈皮：芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮，苦、辛，温，归肺、脾经，理气健脾、燥湿化痰，用于脘腹胀满、食少吐泻、咳嗽痰多。
车前草：车前草科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.及平车前Plantago depressaWilld.的全株，味甘，性寒，入肝、脾、大肠、胃经；功能：利水、清热、明目、祛痰；主治：小便不通、淋浊、带下、尿血、黄疸等。
甘草：豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.胀果甘草Glycyrrhizainflata Batal.和光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根及根茎，味甘，性平，入心、肺、脾、胃经；功能：和中缓急、润肺、解毒、调和诸药；主治：（炙用）脾胃虚弱、食少、腹痛便溏、劳倦发热等。
产蛋鸡输卵管炎常发生于产蛋鸡中后期的300-450日龄，此时肝血不足，主要表现除蛋壳质量不好，薄蛋破蛋软蛋多，蛋壳白、沙皮蛋增多、粪稀症状外，还有脸白，白痢，粪稀，脚凉冠子凉等虚寒相，也有部分鸡冠鸡脸过红等浮游之火上浮于面的症状。本发明根据上述症状系产蛋时凋摄不当，脾肾阳虚/气虚所致血虚（气为血之帅）、血瘀（因虚致瘀）、水湿不化以及部分阴虚所致的浮热等，确立了温补脾肾、疏肝、利湿的治疗原则。方中补骨脂补肾助阳，女贞子滋补肝肾，炮姜温中暖肾，三者合用温阳化水；山药、黄精补肾益精，川芎行气活血，使补而不滞；柴胡疏肝行气，陈皮健脾开胃，两者合用使气机和畅，疏肝健脾，促进水谷精微运化，佐以车前草清利膀胱湿热，配合温阳化水药通利小便，甘草调和诸药，诸药合用共奏补脾益肾、疏肝、利湿之功。
本发明系纯中药制剂，安全、无毒副作用，无适口性问题，价廉易得，通过在大型蛋鸡饲养场添加试验，结果显示本发明组方确能够起到治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎，减少麻点蛋、血斑蛋数量，改善冠白，改善蛋壳质量和蛋壳颜色的效果。
本发明相对于现有技术，有以下优点：
本发明用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物具有配方独特、安全性好、价廉易得的特点，能改善治疗蛋鸡输卵管炎，改善蛋品质。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物，所述中药组合物的原料药组成见表1。
制备方法：各实施例或对照例按表1所示组成，称取各原料药，分别粉碎、过筛使粒度达到120目后，混匀，分装即得相应的中药组合物。
临床试验
1.试验目的
验证本发明中药组合物对产蛋鸡输卵管炎的治疗效果。
2.试验方法
2.1试验材料
试验动物：325日龄京红蛋鸡。
饲料：使用西安禾丰饲料科技有限公司生产的全价饲料。
药物：本发明实施例1-3以及对照例1-3所得中药组合物；10%（质量百分比）阿莫西林可溶性粉（上海骑骠动物保健品有限公司生产，100g/袋，可用于500只成鸡或拌料62.5kg）。
2.2分组
某鸡舍鸡群精神采食正常、蛋壳略发白，养殖户介绍近1周血斑蛋增多，蛋壳颜色变白，粪便略稀，其他正常，驻场兽医判断为输卵管炎。该鸡舍鸡群自北向南共8列，每列1480只，取鸡舍中间相同位置8列相同数量鸡只做实验，自北向南第1-6列为中药组，且第1-3列依次给用实施例1-3产品+全价饲料，第4-6列依次给用对照例1-3产品+全价饲料；第7列为西药组，给用阿莫西林可溶性粉+全价饲料；第8列为空白组，不给用任何药物，只给全价饲料，自由采食。
2.3用药
各组用药方法见表2。
2.4数据采集和记录
各组分组及实验内容事项见表3。
2.5 实验统计指标及鸡蛋分类标准
(1)正常蛋：表面光滑、无明显麻点（直径小于1mm）、无粗糙、颜色黄褐发亮，蛋壳质量完好；
(2)沙皮蛋：蛋壳粗糙、有不规则凸起，或因皮薄破损、畸形的鸡蛋；
(3)血斑蛋：蛋壳较光滑，但有明显黑色斑点；
(3)沙皮蛋比率：沙皮蛋比率%=沙皮蛋个数/样本总数*100；
(4)血斑蛋比率：血斑蛋比率%=血斑蛋个数/样本总数*100；
(5)白值平均值：即用药前各组的白值平均值；
其中，白值平均值系指采用蛋壳颜色测定仪（南京铭奥仪器设备有限公司生产的NR型色差计）测定的各组蛋壳颜色白值（仪器测定的量化数据）的平均值（白值反映蛋壳颜色深浅，白值越小，代表颜色越深，效果越好）；正常蛋、麻点蛋、沙皮蛋示例图片见表4。
3.试验结果
3.1用药前各组实验结果
结果见表5，可知：用药4天后，中药组产蛋率最高增幅达2.76%，且中药组中实施例产品产蛋率增幅优于对照例产品，而西药组和空白组产蛋率较用药前降低，且西药组产蛋率降幅低于空白组，说明使用本发明中药组合物较阿莫西林可溶性粉对照组能明显改善蛋鸡因输卵管炎引起的产蛋率下降。
3.2用药前后沙皮蛋变化
结果见表6，可知：使用中药和西药均能够降低因输卵管炎导致的沙皮蛋增多，但中药组中实施例产品降低沙皮蛋率方面要优于对照例产品以及西药组，尤其以实施例1产品降低沙皮蛋比率效果最为明显。
3.3用药前后血斑蛋变化
结果见表7，可知：各组使用4天后，中药组血斑蛋比率降幅效果优于阿莫西林可溶性粉对照组，其中中药组实施例产品优于对照例产品，尤其以实施例1产品血斑蛋比率降幅最大（可达7.8%），显示其抗菌消炎效果更优。
3.4用药前后蛋壳颜色白值变化
结果见表8，可知：使用本发明中药实施例组可显著改善蛋壳颜色（白值越低，蛋壳颜色越深，效果越好），效果优于阿莫西林可溶性粉组，尤其以实施例1产品最优。
4.结论及分析
（1）按250kg料/1kg产品的剂量集中使用本发明产品可有效改善蛋壳品质，表现在可降低沙皮蛋和血斑蛋数量上，降低不合格蛋（沙皮蛋、血斑蛋）数量效果明显；
（2）按250kg料/1kg产品的剂量集中使用本发明产品对改善蛋壳颜色有明显作用，即降低蛋壳颜色白值（增加蛋壳颜色深度），增加蛋品卖相，效果理想；
（3）鉴于以上原因，建议本发明产品在临床中连续使用4天即可。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物，其特征在于，以重量份计，所述中药组合物的原料药组成为：补骨脂20-40份、女贞子20-40份、山药20-40份、黄精5-15份、炮姜10-20份、川芎20-40份、柴胡5-10份、陈皮5-10份、车前草5-15份、甘草5-10份。
2.如权利要求1用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物，其特征在于，以重量份计，所述中药组合物的原料药组成为：补骨脂30份、女贞子30份、山药30份、黄精10份、炮姜15份、川芎30份、柴胡5份、陈皮5份、车前草10份、甘草5份。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述用于治疗产蛋鸡中后期输卵管炎的中药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：按重量份数称取各原料药，分别粉碎后，混匀，即可。
4.如权利要求3所述制备方法，其特征在于：粉碎至40-200目。
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Denomination of invention: The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating oviduct inflammation in the middle and late stage of laying hens and a preparation method thereof Effective date of registration: 20211224 Granted publication date: 20210302 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Zhengzhou Railway Sub Branch Pledgor: HENAN SOAR VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL Co.,Ltd.|HENAN MUXIANG BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980016170 |
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Denomination of invention: A traditional Chinese medicine combination and its preparation method for treating mid to late stage salpingitis in laying hens Granted publication date: 20210302 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Zhengzhou Railway Sub Branch Pledgor: HENAN SOAR VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL Co.,Ltd.|HENAN MUXIANG BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980004821 |
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