CN105853532B - 防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵及其制备方法,所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:核酸酵母提取物4‑8份,复合维生素0.5‑1份,中草药提取物浸膏10‑20份,肠溶性聚合物40‑50份,维生素E醋酸酯5‑8份,所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:穿心莲8‑12份,连翘6‑10份,柴胡6‑12份,艾叶10‑15份,党参5‑8份,黄芪6‑10份,金银花12‑18份,山楂8‑12分,白芍6‑8份;本发明的中草药药饵配伍合理、营养均衡、加工成本低,适口性和诱食性好,中华鳖利用率高,代谢废物少,能显著提高中华鳖的免疫力,大大降低中华鳖感染嗜水气单胞菌病的几率,无药物残留和耐药性,安全性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵及其制备方法。
背景技术
中华鳖俗称“甲鱼”、“团鱼”,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质,营养丰富,味道鲜美,是滋阴补阳、破结软坚的民间常用药物。鳖的肉味鲜美,是一种高级水产品,中医药认为它有活血化淤、滋补强身的功效,通常将它作为病后或手术后身体虚弱的滋补保健食品。鳖的经济价值较高,是畅销国际市场、传统的水产出口商品之一。但随着中华鳖养殖业快速发展和集约规模化程度提高,对配合饲料的依赖也随之增强。在中华鳖集约化养殖模式下,高放养密度是获取高养殖效益回报的基础,投喂配合饲料可促进中华鳖生长、缩短养殖周期,实现提前上市。
但中华鳖在养殖过程中容易出现嗜水气单胞菌导致的中华鳖疖疮病,其症状为发病初期,中华鳖摄食量减少,发病中华鳖的背、腹面及附肢表面可见大小不一的白色斑点和黄色溃疡点,随着病情的发展,斑点或溃疡点扩大,表皮坏死,溃烂,病灶部充血,继而发展成疖疮,疖疮中可挤出淡黄色颗粒物,发病后期,疖疮中间溃烂,人为推出即形成孔穴,同时孔穴周围,伴有出血。发病中华鳖爬出水面,静伏休息台,反应迟钝,两眼无神,此后陆续死亡。
中草药是我国的国宝,源远流长,己有几千年的应用历史。它源于食物,取自于自然界的动植物和矿物等,保持了其自然结构和生物活性,是动物最易接纳的纯天然物质,作为饲料添加剂具有独特的优势,为纯天然饲料添加剂;种类繁多、功能多样;使用范围广、效果好、成本低;无耐药性、无残留,无副作用、不污染环境、不引发药源性疾病。基于此,本发明旨在提高一种安全性好、对环境无污染的防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术的不足,提供一种防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵,所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物4-8份;
复合维生素0.5-1份;
中草药提取物浸膏10-20份;
肠溶性聚合物40-50份;
维生素E醋酸酯5-8份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲8-12份,连翘6-10份,柴胡6-12份,艾叶10-15份,党参5-8份,黄芪6-10份,金银花12-18份,山楂8-12分,白芍6-8份;
所述中草药药饵按下述步骤加工而成:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪、金银花、山楂和白芍粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入8-12倍质量的水煎煮3-4小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中草药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置12-24小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中草药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度75-85℃,加热时间10-15s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为2-3mm,得到直径为2-3mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度0.5-1.2mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
本发明的中草药药饵,具有预防、保健、治疗和调节中华鳖免疫功能的多种功效,是替代抗生素药物防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的有效饵料,其主要从三个方面防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病:第一:选用穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪和金银花等,这些中草药原料具有解毒、杀菌止痛、消炎、增强免疫机理等功效,将其提取出获得浸膏,替代抗生素,中华鳖吸收利用率高;第二:核酸酵母提取物中富含呈味核苷酸,提高中草药药饵的适口性和诱食性,还有小分子肽和氨基酸,与复合维生素一起为中华鳖补充营养,增强中华鳖的体质,进一步提高其免疫力;第三:选用肠溶性聚合物和维生素E醋酸酯作为填充料制备肠溶缓释中草药药饵,缓慢持续释放,提高药物的利用率,也避免中草药药饵投喂过程中大量释放在养殖池内,污染水质,此优点在高密度养殖中至关重要。三点之间互相促进,协同作用,使得本发明的中草药药饵适口性好,吸收利用率高,防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病效果好。
优选的,所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物6份;
复合维生素0.75份;
中草药提取物浸膏15份;
肠溶性聚合物45份;
维生素E醋酸酯6份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲10份,连翘8份,柴胡9份,艾叶12份,党参6份,黄芪8份,金银花15份,山楂10分,白芍7份。
一种防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵的制备方法,所述制备方法按如下步骤进行:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪、金银花、山楂和白芍粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入8-12倍质量的水煎煮3-4小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中草药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置12-24小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中草药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度75-85℃,加热时间10-15s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为2-3mm,得到直径为2-3mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度0.5-1.2mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的中草药药饵配伍合理、营养均衡、加工成本低,适口性和诱食性好,中华鳖利用率高,代谢废物少,能显著提高中华鳖的免疫力,大大降低中华鳖感染嗜水气单胞菌病的几率,无药物残留和耐药性,安全性好。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。
本发明实施例中所用原料均系市购常规原料。
肠溶性聚合物为常见的肠溶材料,如PVAP、纤维素类肠溶材料或丙烯酸树脂类肠溶辅料,实施例1采用PVAP,实施例2采用纤维素类肠溶材料(商品名欧巴代),实施例3采用丙烯酸树脂。
实施例1:
防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵,所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物4份;
复合维生素0.5份;
中草药提取物浸膏10份;
肠溶性聚合物40份;
维生素E醋酸酯5份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲8份,连翘6份,柴胡6份,艾叶10份,党参5份,黄芪6份,金银花12份,山楂8分,白芍6份;
所述中草药药饵按下述步骤加工而成:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪、金银花、山楂和白芍粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入8倍质量的水煎煮3小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中草药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置12小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中草药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度75℃,加热时间15s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为2mm,得到直径为2mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度1.2mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
实施例2
防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵,所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物8份;
复合维生素01份;
中草药提取物浸膏20份;
肠溶性聚合物50份;
维生素E醋酸酯8份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲12份,连翘10份,柴胡12份,艾叶15份,党参8份,黄芪10份,金银花18份,山楂12分,白芍8份;
所述中草药药饵按下述步骤加工而成:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪、金银花、山楂和白芍粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入12倍质量的水煎煮3小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中草药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置24小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中草药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度85℃,加热时间10s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为3mm,得到直径为3mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度0.5mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
实施例3
防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵,所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物6份;
复合维生素0.75份;
中草药提取物浸膏15份;
肠溶性聚合物45份;
维生素E醋酸酯6份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲10份,连翘8份,柴胡9份,艾叶12份,党参6份,黄芪8份,金银花15份,山楂10分,白芍7份;
所述中草药药饵按下述步骤加工而成:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪和金银花粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入10倍质量的水煎煮3.5小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置18小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度80℃,加热时间12s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为2.5mm,得到直径为2.5mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度0.8mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
本发明实施例1-3制备得到的中草药药饵用于防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的实验。
试验例
1、治疗效果
试验时间:2015 年5月10 日;
地点:湖北省嘉鱼县某中华鳖养殖场;
试验对象:挑选40只感染嗜水气单胞菌病的中华鳖。
临床症状:处于发病初期,中华鳖摄食量减少,中华鳖的背、腹面及附肢表面可见大小不一的白色斑点和黄色溃疡点,反应迟钝,两眼无神。
实验方案:40只中华鳖,随机分4组,每组10只,其中1组作为对比例,其余4组作为试验例,对比例正常投喂中华鳖饵料,且公斤中华鳖投喂10m氯霉素,试验例投喂中华鳖饵料与中草药药饵的混合物,质量比为7:3,连续投喂10天,实验结果如下:
组别 | 存活数量 | 存活率 |
对照组 | 4 | 40% |
实验组1 | 8 | 80% |
实验组2 | 9 | 90% |
实验组3 | 10 | 100% |
由上表可知,本发明的中草药药饵防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病效果好,中华鳖成活率高。10d后分别挑取对照组和实验组的中华鳖各1条观察鳖体表,对照组的中华鳖的背、腹面及附肢表面的白色斑点和黄色溃疡点基本痊愈,中华鳖反应动作较快,食欲大大改善,实验组的中华鳖的背、腹面及附肢表面的白色斑点和黄色溃疡点全部痊愈,中华鳖反应动作灵敏,食欲大大改善,摄食量增加。
2、防治效果
试验时间:2015 年5 月10日~7月10日;
地点:湖北省嘉鱼县某中华鳖养殖场;
试验对象:挑选400只健康的中华鳖鱼苗。
实验方案:400只中华鳖,随机分4组,每组100只,其中1组作为对比例,其余4组作为试验例,对比例正常投喂中华鳖饵料,试验例投喂中华鳖饵料与中草药药饵的混合物,质量比为8:2,连续投喂60天,实验结果如下:
组别 | 患病数量 | 患病率 |
对照组 | 18 | 18% |
实验组1 | 2 | 2% |
实验组2 | 2 | 2% |
实验组3 | 1 | 1% |
由上表可知,本发明的中草药药饵预防中华鳖感染嗜水气单胞菌病效果好,中华鳖成活率高,实验组的中华鳖体表完整无溃疡伤,中华鳖反应动作灵敏,摄食量大,代谢正常。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (3)
1.防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵,其特征在于:所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物4-8份;
复合维生素0.5-1份;
中草药提取物浸膏10-20份;
肠溶性聚合物40-50份;
维生素E醋酸酯5-8份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲8-12份,连翘6-10份,柴胡6-12份,艾叶10-15份,党参5-8份,黄芪6-10份,金银花12-18份,山楂8-12分,白芍6-8份;
所述中草药药饵按下述步骤加工而成:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪、金银花、山楂和白芍粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入8-12倍质量的水煎煮3-4小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中草药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置12-24小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中草药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度75-85℃,加热时间10-15s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为2-3mm,得到直径为2-3mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度0.5-1.2mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
2.根据权利要求1所述防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵,其特征在于:所述中草药药饵由下列重量份的组份加工而成:
核酸酵母提取物6份;
复合维生素0.75份;
中草药提取物浸膏15份;
肠溶性聚合物45份;
维生素E醋酸酯6份;
所述中草药提取物浸膏由下列重量份的中草药原料加工而成:
穿心莲10份,连翘8份,柴胡9份,艾叶12份,党参6份,黄芪8份,金银花15份,山楂10分,白芍7份。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述防治中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药药饵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法按如下步骤进行:
(1)制备中草药提取物浸膏:将配方量的穿心莲、连翘、柴胡、艾叶、党参、黄芪、金银花、山楂和白芍粉碎、混合均匀,然后加入8-12倍质量的水煎煮3-4小时,然后过滤去除残渣,滤液真空浓缩至含水量40%以下得中草药提取物浸膏;
(2)将肠溶性聚合物与维生素E醋酸酯混合均匀,室温下放置12-24小时,充分塑化备用;
(3)将核酸酵母提取物、复合维生素、步骤(1)的中草药提取物浸膏和步骤(2)的原料充分混合均匀,加入热熔挤出机内,加热温度75-85℃,加热时间10-15s,至原料充分软化,然后由热熔挤出机挤出,挤出孔径为2-3mm,得到直径为2-3mm的条状物,再经切割获得长度0.5-1.2mm的圆柱状中草药药饵。
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CN102669046A (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-09-19 | 李进村 | 一种利用无公害池塘进行中华鳖生态养殖的方法 |
CN102846804A (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-02 | 河北科技师范学院 | 治疗淡水鱼嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药制剂及其制备方法 |
CN102920990A (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-02-13 | 遵义师范学院 | 防治嗜水气单胞菌鱼病的中草药配方 |
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CN102240323A (zh) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-11-16 | 浙江海洋学院 | 用于防控水生动物嗜水气单胞菌病的中药及其使用方法 |
CN102669046A (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-09-19 | 李进村 | 一种利用无公害池塘进行中华鳖生态养殖的方法 |
CN102846804A (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-02 | 河北科技师范学院 | 治疗淡水鱼嗜水气单胞菌病的中草药制剂及其制备方法 |
CN102920990A (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-02-13 | 遵义师范学院 | 防治嗜水气单胞菌鱼病的中草药配方 |
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