CN114847484A - 一种负载益生菌的海藻酸盐微胶囊及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种负载益生菌的海藻酸盐微胶囊及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液‑海藻酸盐微胶囊及其制备方法与应用,属于饲料、食品加工及生物医药技术领域。制备方法包括以下步骤:首先将益生菌与益生菌保护剂混合后作为内水相W1;将油溶性乳化剂溶于大豆油形成油相O,将油相O与内水相W1经乳化,得到初乳W1/O;以两亲分子或胶体纳米颗粒的悬浮液作为外水相W2,向初乳W1/O中加入W2,再次乳化得到W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂。然后以海藻酸钠为最外层壁材,对双乳液益生菌制剂包覆,再依次经过Ca2+固化交联,得到益生菌微胶囊。本发明制备的微胶囊不仅提高了益生菌对胃肠道内环境的耐受性,并使其可以在肠道中持续释放,而且还具有良好的冻干和储存稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料、食品加工及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
益生菌被定义为“活的微生物,当摄入足够的量时,会给宿主带来健康益处”。而益生菌对健康的潜在益处一直以来都是食品、营养和医学领域研究的主要焦点,这已显示出它们在调节肠道菌群和改善肠道健康方面的巨大潜力。当肠道微生态失衡时,通常需要补充外源性益生菌来调节肠道菌群的组成,改善疾病。然而,益生菌只有在肠道中长期存在并达到一定数量时才能发挥有效作用。但事实并非如我们所愿,加工、运输、储存等外部条件很容易影响益生菌的稳定性。此外,胃酸和各种消化酶不可避免地会降低益生菌的活力,导致到达胃肠道目标部位的活益生菌不足,无法实现在肠道内增殖和长期定植,最终会成为“过路菌”随粪便排出体外。因此,建立稳定的益生菌保护体系对其商业化应用具有重要意义。在这方面,微囊化作为一种可行且有效的方法引起了广泛的研究关注,因为它可以增强益生菌的稳定性和活力。
现有的微胶囊技术包括喷雾干燥法、冷冻干燥法、乳化法、层层包埋法、挤压法和静电喷涂法等。研究证明,通过两步乳化法制备的水包油包水(W1/O/W2)双乳液已被应用于益生菌的包装。由益生菌保护剂组成的内水相W1既为益生菌提供营养,又对商品内加工和运输造成的应激具有很高的抵抗力;而双乳液的中间油相O可用于抵抗胆汁盐和各种消化酶等恶劣胃肠环境的影响。
研究人发现,CN103355656专利中,涉及到一种益生菌胶囊产品,结构为壁层与内核两部分,其中,壁层由海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸酯高分子材料组成,内核为高密度的益生菌,用来保持益生菌过胃后的活性,但是仅是显示对胃酸具有一定的耐受性,并未涉及靶向释放及冷冻后的活菌情况。
双乳液包封的益生菌的商业应用仍然具有挑战性,因为双乳液在胃肠道中的不稳定性可能导致益生菌的突然释放,无法维持控释效果,且模糊的益生菌释放位点不利于益生菌在后端肠道部位的有效定殖。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术中存在的缺点和不足,本发明首要目的在于提供一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊的制备方法。
本发明另一目的在于提供通过上述制备方法制备得到一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊。该微囊具有致密的涂层结构,不仅可使益生菌免于胃酸、胆盐侵蚀,在肠道中持续释放,而且还具有良好的冻干和储存稳定性。
本发明还提供上述可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊,所述微胶囊包括W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂和壁材,所述益生菌位于W1/O/W2双乳液的内水相中,所述最外层壁材包括海藻酸钠,并且经过金属盐固化形成可耐酸的最外层保护层,步骤如下:
(1)将益生菌菌体与益生菌保护剂的混合物溶液处理,使其形成内水相W1;
(2)将油溶性乳化剂溶于植物油形成油相O,将油相O与内水相W1混合,经剪切乳化,得到油包水型初乳W1/O;
(3)向所述初乳W1/O中加入外水相W2,得到W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂。
(4)将W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂与海藻酸钠混合,得到混合液。
(5)将混合液滴入盐溶液中,静置,过滤,清洗,即制得负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊。
作为优选方案,所述金属离子为Ca2+。
作为优选方案,步骤(1)中所述的益生菌可以是乳酸链球菌、植物乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌中的一种或多种,其中益生菌的活菌数为108-109CFU/mL。
作为优选方案,所述步骤(1)中内水相W1中含有扩大培养的益生菌菌体与益生菌保护剂混合物,保护剂在内水相的浓度为1.0wt%-20.0wt%;步骤(1)中所述的益生菌保护剂可以是糖类(海藻糖、乳糖、葡聚糖)、蛋白质(乳清分离蛋白、明胶、蛋白胨)、氨基酸盐(谷氨酸钠)、醇(甘油、木糖醇)、无机盐(甲基纤维素)、抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸)、生物碱(甜菜碱)、聚合物(聚乙二醇1000)和复合物(十二烷基磺酸钠)中的至少一种;优选海藻糖、甘油和乳清蛋白,其在内水相浓度优选为1.0wt%-20.0wt%。
作为优选方案,所述步骤(2)中所述油溶性乳化剂的添加量为油相O质量的1.0wt%-5.0wt%;所述油相O与内水相W1的体积比为1~5:1;所述步骤(2)中所述的油溶性乳化剂包括但不限于聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯、司班20、司班60、司班65、司班80、司班85、乙二醇脂肪酸酯、丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、玉米醇溶蛋白中的至少一种;优选聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,其添加量为油相O质量的1.0wt%-5.0wt%,且所述的油相O与内水相W1的体积比优选为4:1。
作为优选方案,所述步骤(3)中外水相W2为两亲分子或胶体纳米颗粒的悬浮液,所述乳化剂的质量百分比为0.1~10.0wt%;所述外水相W2与初乳W1/O的体积比为1~5:1;
步骤(3)中所述的亲水性乳化剂包括但不限于小分子乳化剂、多糖乳化剂、多肽乳化剂、蛋白质乳化剂、聚合物和复合物中的至少一种;优选复合纳米颗粒,因为它相较于其他的乳化剂更容易吸附在油水界面,使乳液更加稳定,不易破裂。
步骤(3)中所述的亲水性乳化剂的质量百分比优选为0.1~10.0wt%,更优选为1.0~4.0wt%,外水相W2与初乳W1/O的体积比为1~5:1,更优选为4:1。
作为优选方案,所述步骤(4)中的海藻酸钠溶液的浓度优选为0.5wt%-3.5wt%,更优选为1.0wt%-3.0wt%。
作为优选方案,所述步骤(5)中滴加优选采用静电液滴装置操作,注射泵流速为0.2mL/min。
作为优选方案,所述步骤(5)中盐溶液为氯化钙溶液,氯化钙溶液的浓度优选为1.0wt%-10.0wt%,更优选为5.0wt%,步骤(5)固化反应时间优选10-60min,更优选为30min。
一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊,通过上述制备方法制备得到。
上述可在肠道靶向释放的负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊在饲料、食品及生物医药中应用。
本发明中,首先以益生菌保护剂和益生菌为芯材,且先以亲水性乳化剂为第一层壁材制备W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂,再以海藻酸钠为最外层壁材对双乳液益生菌制剂包覆,再依次经过Ca2+固化交联得到益生菌微胶囊,为益生菌提供第二层保护。
与已有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
(1)本发明的海藻酸盐与益生菌保护剂的结合可以提高微胶囊的结构稳定性,从而为包封的益生菌提供更好的庇护,且可以通过控制海藻酸盐的种类和浓度来控制微胶囊的溶胀和益生菌的释放。
(2)将益生菌包埋在双重乳液内水相中,益生菌保护剂既为益生菌提供营养,又对商品加工和运输造成的应激具有很高的抵抗力,双乳的油膜和界面膜可用于抵抗胆汁盐、各种消化酶和免受氧气等外部环境的破坏,从而进一步提高益生菌的存活率。
(3)本发明的海藻酸盐水凝胶体系的双乳不仅可以为益生菌在储存和干燥过程中提供保护,还可以确保更大比例的活益生菌到达后端肠道,在肠道中发挥缓释作用,从而促进益生菌在大肠中的定植。
(4)本发明采用静电液滴法,制备工艺简单快捷温和,无活性损失,微囊粒径均一,适合工业化生产。
(5)本发明的多层微囊使用的原料(海藻酸钠、海藻糖、乳清蛋白、氯化钙)具有良好的生物安全性及生物相容性,在食品加工领域已广泛使用,生物安全性有保障。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3益生菌微胶囊的扫描电镜图。
图2本发明为实例1、实例2、实例3益生菌微胶囊在模拟胃肠液中的溶解状况图
图3为本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3益生菌微胶囊在冷冻干燥前后活菌数变化。
图4为本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3益生菌微胶囊在模拟肠液中不同时间点释放的活菌数。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制不同组合的保护剂(本实施例中为10%海藻糖、10%乳清蛋白和2%的甘油)溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为1%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为0.5%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤,并命名为ACG-1微胶囊。
实施例2:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制不同组合的保护剂(本实施例中为10%海藻糖、10%乳清蛋白和2%的甘油)溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为2%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为1%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤,并命名为ACG-2微胶囊。
实施例3:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制不同组合的保护剂(本实施例中为10%海藻糖、10%乳清蛋白和2%的甘油)溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为3%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为1.5%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤,并命名为ACG-3微胶囊。
实施例4:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制10%海藻糖溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为3%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为1.5%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤。
实施例5:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制10%乳清蛋白溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为3%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为1.5%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤。
实施例6:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制2%的甘油溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为3%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为1.5%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤。
实施例7:
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌罗伊氏乳杆菌用MRS肉汤培养基进行活化,在37℃恒温培养箱培养16h后,将菌液离心分离,得到菌体。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制10%海藻糖、10%乳清蛋白和2%的甘油溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在121℃下灭菌15min,冷却至室温后,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:向97g油(本实施例中为大豆油)中加入3g乳化剂(本实施例中为聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯),以500rpm磁力搅拌30min,得到3wt%聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,即为油相O。
(4)初乳W1/O乳液的的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的体积比为1:4,搅拌速度1000rpm;滴加速度为50mL/min,后继续搅拌5min,利用乳化机(本实施例中为15000rpm的转速剪切6min)进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将3g的亲水性乳化剂(本实施例中为纳米复合粒子)加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌2h使其充分溶解,得到3wt%纳米复合粒子溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双重乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按体积比为1:4的比例混合,利用乳化机(本实施例中为11000rpm的转速剪切3min)进行乳化,得到双重乳液W1/O/W2,-20~4℃低温保存,即可得到益生菌制剂。
(7)海藻酸盐/双乳液负载益生菌微胶囊的制备:将新鲜得到的W1/O/W2双乳液和浓度为3%的海藻酸钠溶液按体积比1:1混合,用磁力搅拌器以100rpm转速搅拌10min形成浓度为1.5%的海藻酸盐/双乳液。然后,通过注射器和泵(流速0.2mL/min)将双乳液-藻酸盐溶液直接滴加到5wt%氯化钙溶液中,形成益生菌微胶囊,并在氯化钙溶液中保持30min使其硬化。最后,将获得的微胶囊用无菌去离子水洗涤。
对实施例1-3进行性能检测:
(1)将ACG-1、ACG-2和ACG-3微胶囊首先置于模拟胃液(pH 2.0HCl溶液,含有9g/LNaCl和3.20g/L胃蛋白酶)中,在37℃下放置2h,然后转移到模拟肠液(pH 7.5磷酸盐缓冲液,含10g/L胰蛋白酶)在37℃下浸润6h,并在不同时间用数码相机拍照,检测其在胃肠液中的溶解状况,见图2。
(2)将1g湿ACGs微胶囊通过冷冻干燥机在-80℃下冻干36h。比较冷冻前后的活菌数。然后,将湿的和冻干的ACGs微胶囊分别与10mL模拟胃液混合,并在37℃下放入恒温振荡器中2h。过滤并用无菌水洗涤后,将ACGs微胶囊再次与10ml模拟肠液混合,然后放入37℃的恒温振荡器中。然后,在特定时间间隔(0、30、60、90、120、180和360min)收集1mL释放溶液,并使用10倍系列稀释和扩散板技术进行计数,结果见图3及图4。
图2中,我们发现在30min前微胶囊肉眼观察并未溶解,60min时开始有些变化,随着时间的推移变化逐渐比较明显,360min时变化最明显,从而说明我们发明的微胶囊不仅可使益生菌免于胃酸、胆盐侵蚀,并且可以在肠道中持续释放。
图3中显示,未包埋的细胞在冷冻处理前后变化比较大,冷冻前活细胞数在109~1010,冷冻后,活细胞数量只有106,而本发明实施例活细胞数在冷冻前后变化并不明显,说明包埋后的胶囊在冷冻干燥后活菌数变化不大,从而说明我们的胶囊在低温下活细胞仍旧可以保持很高的活力。
图4中对比了冷冻前后益生菌微胶囊在模拟胃肠液中不同时间点释放的活菌数,我们发现相同的时间内活菌数基本一致,可以对微胶囊进行冷冻处理,并应用于低温储藏运输。
性能检测:对实施例4-7中的不同益生菌保护剂制成的1g ACGs微胶囊通过冷冻干燥机在-80℃下冻干36h。然后用柠檬酸盐进行裂解,比较1g ACGs微胶囊在冷冻前后的活菌数,结果如表1所示。
表1不同冷冻保护剂组成的微胶囊在冷冻前后的活菌数对比
由表1数据可以看出,在相同条件下,实施例7在冷冻干燥后活菌数能达到4.43×108CFU/g,说明了复合益生菌保护剂比单一益生菌保护剂具有更好的保护效果,此外,也说明了本发明制备的益生菌微胶囊在冻干后仍能保持很高的活力。
本发明为了实现胶囊化益生菌的缓释并提高其在胃肠道中的活力和储存稳定性,通过将海藻酸盐掺入双乳液中,开发了一种有前景的新型益生菌递送系统。该方法中,海藻酸盐是制备微胶囊的良好候选者,与益生菌保护剂的结合可以提高微胶囊的结构稳定性,从而为包封的益生菌提供更好的庇护。微胶囊溶胀可以通过控制海藻酸盐的种类和浓度来实现,从而控制双乳液中益生菌的释放。海藻酸盐体系的双乳不仅可以为益生菌在储存和干燥过程中提供保护,还可以确保更大比例的活益生菌到达后端肠道,在肠道发挥缓释作用,从而促进益生菌在大肠中的定值。本发明制备的微胶囊不仅提高了益生菌对胃肠道内环境的耐受性,并使其可以在肠道中持续释放,而且还具有良好的冻干和储存稳定性,体现了本发明的优势。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种负载益生菌的海藻酸盐微胶囊,其特征在于,所述微胶囊包括益生菌制剂和壁材,所述益生菌制剂位于W1/O/W2双乳液的内水相中,所述壁材包括海藻酸钠,并且经过金属离子固化形成最外层保护层。
2.如权利要求1所述一种负载益生菌的海藻酸盐微胶囊,其特征在于,所述金属离子为Ca2+。
3.如权利要求1所述一种负载益生菌的海藻酸盐微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将益生菌菌体与益生菌保护剂的混合物溶液处理,使其形成内水相W1;
(2)将油溶性乳化剂溶于植物油形成油相O,将油相O与内水相W1混合,经剪切乳化,得到油包水型初乳W1/O;
(3)向所述初乳W1/O中加入外水相W2,得到W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂;
(4)将W1/O/W2型双重乳液结构的益生菌制剂与海藻酸钠混合,得到混合液;
(5)将混合液滴入盐溶液中,静置,过滤,清洗,即制得负载益生菌的双乳液-海藻酸盐微胶囊。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中内水相W1中含有扩大培养的益生菌菌体与益生菌保护剂混合物,保护剂在内水相的浓度为1.0wt%~20.0wt%,
所述益生菌保护剂包括糖、蛋白质、氨基酸盐、醇、无机盐、抗氧化剂、生物碱、聚合物和复合物中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述糖为海藻糖、乳糖、葡聚糖中至少一种或多种;所述蛋白质为乳清分离蛋白、明胶、蛋白胨中至少一种或多种;所述氨基酸盐为谷氨酸钠;所述醇为甘油、木糖醇中至少一种或多种;所述无机盐为甲基纤维素;所述抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸;所述生物碱为甜菜碱、所述聚合物为聚乙二醇1000和所述复合物为十二烷基磺酸钠。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中油溶性乳化剂的添加量为油相O质量的1.0wt%~5.0wt%;所述油相O与内水相W1的体积比为1~5:1,
所述油溶性乳化剂包括但不限于聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯、司班20、司班60、司班65、司班80、司班85、乙二醇脂肪酸酯、丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、玉米醇溶蛋白中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中外水相W2为两亲分子或胶体纳米颗粒的悬浮液,所述乳化剂的质量百分比为0.1~10.0wt%;所述外水相W2与初乳W1/O的体积比为1~5:1;
所述亲水性乳化剂包括但不限于小分子乳化剂、多糖乳化剂、多肽乳化剂、蛋白质乳化剂、聚合物和复合物中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中海藻酸钠溶液的浓度为0.5wt%~3.5wt%。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中的滴加采用静电液滴装置操作,注射泵流速为0.2mL/min;所述步骤(5)中盐溶液为氯化钙溶液,氯化钙溶液的浓度为1.0wt%~10.0wt%,固化反应时间10~60min。
10.如权利要求1所述的负载益生菌的海藻酸盐微胶囊在益生菌产品中应用,所述益生菌产品应用于饲料、食品及生物医药中。
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