CN114837202A

CN114837202A - Ecological restoration method for slope-to-ladder change of steps of strip mine waste dump

Info

Publication number: CN114837202A
Application number: CN202210549038.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈树召; 雷少刚; 陆翔
Original assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Current assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority date: 2022-05-20
Filing date: 2022-05-20
Publication date: 2022-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-20
Also published as: CN114837202B

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for changing steps of a strip mine refuse dump into ladders from a slope, and relates to the technical field of mining area management. The method comprises the steps of firstly determining parameters of a step according to a stable slope angle of a refuse dump and a total design height of the refuse dump, which are applicable to a scheme implementation field, and obliquely installing continuous supporting plates and back plates at the bottom line position of the lowest step slope of the refuse dump according to a determined inclination angle; then discharging rock blocks picked from the strip mine in the space between the support plate and the slope of the step of the original dump, grouting to form a support body, then moving the back plate, and repeating the steps to build a plurality of steps until the top of the dump is horizontal; finally planting greening vegetation on the built step platform, and planting climbing plants on the bottom line of each step slope to cover the slope. The invention can greatly reduce the slope surface area of the strip mine waste dump and greatly increase the platform area under the conditions of not influencing the capacity of the strip mine waste dump and not additionally increasing the occupied land, thereby providing a foundation for greening planting.

Description

Ecological restoration method for slope-to-ladder change of steps of strip mine waste dump

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geological control and ecological restoration of a mining area, in particular to an ecological restoration method for changing steps of a strip mine waste dump into terraces on a slope.

Background

In order to reduce the influence of open-pit mining on the surrounding environment, the open-pit mine refuse dump should be subjected to ecological restoration and water and soil conservation measures. However, because the slope angle of the steps of the refuse dump is generally 30-35 degrees, when the refuse dump is watered manually or in rainfall, water is difficult to permeate into soil and is mostly lost in a surface runoff mode, the problem can be solved only by frequently watering, the greening and reclamation cost is improved, water and soil loss is caused, the ecological remediation difficulty is further increased, and the species selection and remediation effect is severely limited. If the slope surface greening is abandoned, only the step platform greening is carried out, and the ecological restoration mode of 'keeping off the slope with the level' is adopted, the problems of low treatment rate, poor effect and the like exist. The main reason is that the length of the slope surface is large (can reach more than 30 m) due to the large height of the steps and the small slope surface angle of the refuse dump, the slope surface area is far more than the area of the platform of the steps under the ordinary condition, the area of the refuse dump capable of planting green plants is greatly shrunk, and the ecological restoration effect of the refuse dump is seriously influenced; meanwhile, the stability of the platform ecosystem can be threatened by the soil erosion of the unrepaired slope.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention discloses an ecological restoration method for changing steps of an open pit refuse dump into terraces, which reduces the slope area and increases the platform area on the premise of ensuring the slope stability by reducing the final step height of the refuse dump and improving the slope angle, and provides a site foundation for the plant planting of the ecological restoration of the refuse dump.

The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method for changing steps of an open-pit refuse dump into a ladder, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: according to the stable slope angle A of the refuse dump and the total design height H of the refuse dump, the proper step slope angle a, the step height H and the step platform width B are determined.

Step two: a supporting plate is obliquely installed at the bottom line of the lowest step slope of the refuse dump, the included angle between the supporting plate and the horizontal plane on one side of the refuse dump is a, the top of the supporting plate is higher than the designed step height, and the bottom of the supporting plate is buried underground.

Step three: and a back plate is arranged on one side of the supporting plate far away from the waste dump.

Step four: discharging the block stones selectively extracted from the strip mine in the space between the support plate and the step slope of the original dump until the block stones are discharged to the top of the support plate, wherein the top of the block stones is higher than the designed step height part, and naturally forming a retaining wall with a triangular section; when the stones are discarded, a certain amount of grouting pipelines are laid among the stones, and one side of the back plate, far away from the waste dump, is used for synchronously discarding materials of the presser foot, so that the stability of the back plate is maintained.

Step five: and laying a sprinkling irrigation pipeline at the top of the retaining wall.

Step six: injecting bonding slurry into the stones through a grouting pipeline paved among the stones in the fourth step, bonding the stones into an integral support body, and supporting the adjusted loose soil rock body of the refuse dump; and after the grouting solidification of the support body, removing the back plate.

Step seven: a drainage ditch is built on the slope surface of the ladder at intervals of 20-30m, so that the precipitation on the ladder platform is converged downwards step by step until the precipitation is converged into a centralized drainage ditch.

Step eight: constructing a step platform according to the designed step platform width, and finishing the dump above the step platform into a slope with the same height and different slope angles as the original dump by using a bulldozer after the step platform is constructed; and (5) mounting the support plate again at a position which is B away from the previous row of support plates in the horizontal width on the step platform, repeating the step two-step and the step seven, and continuously constructing a step of a higher layer.

Step nine: after the step construction is finished, arranging a centralized transportation road platform at intervals of five to six steps, and planting greening vegetation on the rest step platforms; and planting climbing plants on the bottom line of each step slope to cover the slope.

Preferably, the parameters of the steps constructed in sections satisfy the formula

Wherein A is a stable slope angle of the refuse dump, H is the total design height of the refuse dump, a is a step slope angle, H is the step height, and B is the step platform width.

Preferably, each step height h is 3m and the step slope angle a is 70-75 °.

Preferably, the supporting plates are precast concrete plates, the height from the top of each supporting plate to the ground is 50cm higher than the height of the step, the supporting plates are buried in the ground by 0.5-1m, and the two adjacent supporting plates are arranged at intervals of 3-4 m.

Preferably, the spray heads of the spray irrigation pipelines laid on the top of the retaining wall are spaced by 20 m.

Preferably, the back plate is a high-strength steel plate, the presser foot material on the back plate is surface soil and bottom soil of the strip mine in a continuous and alternate mode, the height of the discarded surface soil and bottom soil reaches 55-60cm after the discarded surface soil and bottom soil are paved on the stepped platform, and the thickness of the bottom soil is not lower than 30 cm; after the support body is grouted and solidified, paving surface soil and bottom soil pressed on the back plate on the stepped platform by adopting a hydraulic excavator and a crawler dozer, wherein the bottom soil is below and the surface soil is above; meanwhile, the back plate is moved away from the step platform one by a crane and is installed to a position where construction is carried out, and recycling of the back plate is achieved.

Preferably, according to the planting requirement, the improved material with large mixing amount after treatment can be discharged along the slope when the surface soil is accumulated along the back plate; after the surface soil is paved, the quick-acting fertilizer is added in a deep ploughing and irrigating mode.

Preferably, part of the supporting plates are prefabricated into groove-shaped plates to serve as drainage ditches on each step slope, and two adjacent groove-shaped supporting plates are arranged at intervals of 20-30 m.

Preferably, a centralized drainage ditch is arranged on the side, close to the refuse dump, of the centralized transportation road platform and is connected with the final water storage tank; the windbreak forest combining arbor and shrub is planted at the side of the ground, the direction of arbor and shrub should be paid attention when the arbor and shrub are matched, and tree shadows are guaranteed to be thrown on the road as far as possible to avoid influencing the growth of crops.

Compared with the prior art, the slope-to-ladder ecological restoration method for the steps of the strip mine refuse dump disclosed by the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the method can greatly reduce the slope surface area of the strip mine refuse dump and greatly increase the platform area under the conditions of not influencing the capacity of the strip mine refuse dump and not additionally increasing the occupied land, provides a site foundation for ecological restoration, and simultaneously improves the stability of the side slope of the refuse dump.

(2) Most of the materials adopted in the transformation process come from the mine area or conventional building materials, most of the materials can be recycled, and the construction cost is low.

(3) The method considers the problems of drainage and irrigation, and improves the stability and the implementation effect.

(4) The planting of the windbreak forest and the climbing plants obviously improves the step ecology and improves the greening effect.

Drawings

For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the slope-to-ladder ecological restoration method for the steps of the strip mine refuse dump disclosed by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a step construction process.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a step.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a centralized transportation road platform.

In the figure: 1-a refuse dump; 2-step; 3-a support plate; 4-a back plate; 5-retaining wall; 6-a spray irrigation pipeline; 7-grouting pipeline; 8-pressing the material with the foot; 9-a support; 10-a climbing plant; 11-surface soil; 12-bottom soil; 13-drainage ditch; 14-centralized transportation road platform; 15-centralized drainage ditches; 16-divaricate saposhnikovia root forest.

Detailed Description

The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary embodiments and not restrictive of the broad invention, and that all other embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments disclosed herein.

Fig. 1-4 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is parsed in detail.

The ecological restoration method for slope-to-ladder change of the steps of the strip mine waste dump shown in the figures 1 to 4 comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: according to the stable slope angle A of the waste dump 1 and the total design height H of the waste dump 1, the proper parameters of the ladder 2 are determined. Specifically, the parameters of the step 2 constructed in sections satisfy the formula

Wherein, A is the stable slope angle of the refuse dump 1, H is the total design height of the refuse dump 1, a is the slope angle of the ladder 2, H is the height of the ladder 2, and B is the platform width of the ladder 2. In this embodiment, the height h of each step 2 is 3m, and the slope angle a of the step 2 is 75 °.

Step two: a supporting plate 3 is continuously and obliquely arranged at the slope bottom line position of the lowest step 2 of the refuse dump 1, the supporting plate 3 is a precast concrete plate, and the included angle between the supporting plate 3 and the horizontal plane on one side of the refuse dump 1 is 75 degrees. The top of each supporting plate 3 is 50cm higher than the designed ladder 2, the bottom of each supporting plate is buried underground by about 1m, and two adjacent supporting plates 3 are arranged at intervals of 4 m.

Step three: and a high-strength steel plate is continuously arranged on one side of the support plate 3, which is far away from the refuse dump 1, and the steel plate is combined with the support plate 3 to form a filling space with the step slope of the original refuse dump.

Step four: and discharging the rock blocks selectively mined from the strip mine in the space between the support plate 3 and the slope surface of the step of the original dump until the rock blocks are discharged to the top of the support plate 3, wherein the top of the rock blocks is higher than the designed step 2, and a retaining wall 5 with a triangular section is naturally formed and used as a preliminary measure for intercepting atmospheric precipitation. And (3) laying a certain amount of grouting pipelines 7 among the stones while discarding the stones for later grouting. Meanwhile, one side of the back plate 4, which is far away from the refuse dump 1, is used for synchronously discarding the presser foot materials 8, and the stability of the back plate 4 can be maintained due to the arrangement of the presser foot materials. The upper presser foot material 8 of the back plate 4 is surface soil 11 and bottom soil 12 of the strip mine in a continuous and alternate mode, the height of the discarded surface soil 11 and bottom soil 12 reaches 60cm after being paved on the platform of the ladder 2, and the thickness of the bottom soil 12 is not lower than 30 cm.

Step five: and a sprinkling irrigation pipeline 6 is laid at the top of the retaining wall 5, the distance between the sprinklers is 20m, and water can be sprinkled into the platform 2 of the ladder for watering of subsequent vegetation.

Step six: and injecting bonding slurry into the stones through a grouting pipeline 7 laid among the stones in the fourth step, bonding the stones into an integral supporting body 9, and supporting the adjusted soil loosening rock mass of the refuse dump 1. At this time, the top soil 11 or the bottom soil 12 accumulated on the side of the backboard 4 far away from the dump 1 plays a role of supporting the backboard 4, and the backboard 4 is prevented from toppling under grouting pressure. After the support body 9 is grouted and solidified, a hydraulic excavator is adopted to be matched with a crawler type bulldozer to pave the surface soil 11 and the bottom soil 12 pressed on the back plate 4 to the platform of the ladder 2, the bottom soil 12 is below, and the surface soil is above. Meanwhile, the back plates 4 are moved away from the platform of the ladder 2 one by a crane and are installed to the position where construction is carried out, so that the recycling of the back plates 4 is realized. The support plate 3 remains in place and serves to reinforce the support body 9. According to the planting requirement, the processed animal excrement, straw, plant ash and other improved materials with large mixing amount can be discharged along the slope when the surface soil 11 is stacked along the back plate 4. After the surface soil 11 is paved, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added in a deep ploughing and irrigation mode.

Step seven: a supporting plate 3 which is prefabricated into a groove type is arranged on the slope surface of each step 2 at intervals of 30m and serves as a drainage ditch 13, and precipitation on the platform of the step 2 is converged downwards step by step until the precipitation is converged into a centralized drainage ditch 15. The integrated backup pad 3 of escape canal 13, avoids building the domatic disturbance of shaping that the ditch caused when improving 13 interior planes flatness of escape canal.

Step eight: and (3) building a step 2 platform according to the designed step 2 platform width B, and finishing the dump 1 above the step into a slope surface with the same height as the original dump and different slope surface angles by using a bulldozer after the step 2 platform is finished. After finishing, installing the supporting plate 3 again on the platform of the ladder 2 at a position with the horizontal width B away from the front row of supporting plates 3, repeating the step two-seven, and continuously constructing the ladder 2 with a higher layer.

Step nine: after the steps 2 are built, a centralized transportation road platform 14 which is not planted is arranged at intervals of six steps 2, and greening vegetation is planted on the remaining steps 2. A centralized drainage ditch 15 is arranged on the side, close to the refuse dump 1, of the centralized transportation road platform 14, and the centralized drainage ditch 15 is connected with a final water storage tank; the windbreak forest 16 combining the trees and shrubs is planted on the side of the high-altitude area, the direction of the trees and shrubs should be paid attention when the trees and the shrubs are matched, and tree shadows are guaranteed to be thrown on the road to the greatest extent so as to avoid influencing the growth of ecological restoration plants of a lower platform. The climbing plants 10 are planted on the bottom line of each step 2 to cover the slope surface, so that the weathering speed and the erosion speed are reduced while the greening effect of the slope surface is improved.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration method for slope-to-ladder change of steps of an open pit refuse dump is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: according to a stable slope angle A of the dump (1) and the total design height H of the dump (1) applied to the implementation of the scheme, determining a proper slope angle a of the step (2), the height H of the step (2) and the platform width B of the step (2);

step two: a supporting plate (3) is obliquely arranged at the slope bottom line position of the lowest step (2) of the refuse dump (1), the included angle between the supporting plate (3) and the horizontal plane at one side of the refuse dump (1) is a, the top of the supporting plate (3) is higher than the height of the designed step (2), and the bottom of the supporting plate is buried underground;

step three: a back plate (4) is arranged on one side of the support plate (3) far away from the waste dump (1);

step four: discharging the block stones selectively mined from the strip mine in the space between the support plate (3) and the step slope of the original dump and the back plate (4) until the block stones are discharged to the top of the support plate (3), wherein the top of the block stones is higher than the designed step (2) in height, and naturally forming a retaining wall (5) with a triangular section; when the stones are discarded, a certain amount of grouting pipelines (7) are laid among the stones, and one side of the back plate (4) far away from the waste dump (1) is used for synchronously discarding presser foot materials (8) to maintain the stability of the back plate (4);

step five: laying a sprinkling irrigation pipeline (6) at the top of the retaining wall (5);

step six: injecting bonding slurry into the stones through a grouting pipeline (7) laid among the stones in the fourth step, bonding the stones into an integral support body (9) and supporting the adjusted soil and rock mass loosened in the dump (1); after the support body (9) is grouted and solidified, the back plate (4) is removed;

step seven: a drainage ditch (13) is built on the slope surface of the ladder (2) at intervals of 20-30m, so that the precipitation on the platform of the ladder (2) is converged downwards step by step until the precipitation is converged into a centralized drainage ditch (15);

step eight: building a step (2) platform according to the designed step (2) platform width, and finishing the dump (1) above the step (2) into a slope with the same height and different slope angles with the original dump by using a bulldozer after the step is finished; mounting the support plate (3) again at a position B away from the previous row of support plates (3) on the platform of the ladder (2), repeating the second step to the seventh step, and continuously constructing a higher-layer ladder (2);

step nine: after the steps (2) are built, a centralized transportation road platform (14) is arranged at intervals of five to six steps (2), and greening vegetation is planted on the remaining steps (2) platform; climbing plants (10) are planted on the bottom line of each step (2) to cover the slope.

2. The ecological restoration method for slope-to-ladder change of steps of strip mine refuse dump according to claim 1, characterized in that parameters of the steps (2) constructed in sections satisfy a formula

Wherein A is a stable slope angle of the refuse dump (1), H is the total design height of the refuse dump (1), a is a slope angle of the ladder (2), H is the height of the ladder (2), and B is the platform width of the ladder (2).

3. The ecological restoration method for the slope-to-ladder slope of the steps of the strip mine refuse dump as claimed in claim 2, wherein the height h of each step (2) is 3m, and the slope angle a of the step (2) is 70-75 °.

4. The ecological restoration method for the slope-changing ladder of the steps of the strip mine refuse dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plates (3) are precast concrete plates, the top of each support plate (3) is 50cm higher than the ground by the height of the ladder (2) and is buried underground by 0.5-1m, and two adjacent support plates (3) are arranged at intervals of 3-4 m.

5. The ecological restoration method for the slope-to-ladder slope change of the steps of the strip mine waste dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spray head spacing of the spray irrigation pipeline (6) laid on the top of the retaining wall (5) is 20 m.

6. The ecological restoration method for the slope-changing ladder of the steps of the strip mine waste dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the back plate (4) is a high-strength steel plate, the presser foot material (8) on the back plate (4) is surface soil (11) and bottom soil (12) of the strip mine, the height of the discarded surface soil (11) and bottom soil (12) reaches 55-60cm after being paved on the platform of the ladder (2), and the thickness of the bottom soil (12) is not less than 30 cm; after the support body (9) is grouted and solidified, paving surface soil (11) and bottom soil (12) which are pressed on the back plate (4) on a platform of the ladder (2) by adopting a hydraulic excavator and a crawler dozer, wherein the bottom soil (12) is below and the surface soil is above; meanwhile, the back plate (4) is moved away from the platform of the ladder (2) one by a crane and is installed to a position where construction is in progress, and recycling of the back plate (4) is achieved.

7. The ecological restoration method for the slope-to-slope ladder of the steps of the strip mine refuse dump as claimed in claim 6, wherein according to planting needs, a large amount of improved materials can be mixed after disposal along the slope when the surface soil (11) is piled along the back plate (4); after the surface soil (11) is paved, quick-acting fertilizer is added in a deep ploughing and irrigating mode.

8. The ecological restoration method for the slope-changing ladder of the steps of the strip mine refuse dump according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the supporting plates (3) are prefabricated into a groove type to serve as a drainage ditch (13) on the slope surface of each ladder (2), and two adjacent groove type supporting plates (3) are arranged at intervals of 20-30 m.

9. The ecological restoration method for the step slope-to-ladder slope change of the strip mine waste dump according to claim 1, characterized in that a centralized transportation road platform (14) is provided with a centralized drainage ditch (15) close to the side of the waste dump (1), and the centralized drainage ditch (15) is connected with a final water storage tank; the windbreak forest (16) combining the trees and shrubs is planted at the side of the high-altitude area, the direction of the trees and shrubs should be noticed when the trees and the shrubs are matched, and tree shadows are guaranteed to be thrown on the road as far as possible to avoid influencing the growth of crops.