CN114832818A - 汽油发电机组尾气催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
汽油发电机组尾气催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种汽油发电机组尾气催化剂及其制备方法,它包括金属蜂窝载体以及位于金属蜂窝载体上的催化剂,在催化剂中,氧化铝含量为40~50g/L,氧化铈含量为25~40g/L,氧化镨含量为5~10g/L,氧化铑含量为0.1~0.4g/L。本发明的催化剂制备工艺简单、耐高温性能良好、使用寿命长,并且只采用贵金属Rh作为催化活性组分,制备成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气净化用催化材料技术领域,具体地说是一种汽油发电机组尾气催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
汽油发电机组是将燃料(汽油)的热能转变为机械能的一种装置,并带动发电机转化为电能。这类发动机工作时依靠进气机构将空气与燃料混合成为混合气后进入燃烧室燃烧做功后排出。采用汽油作为燃料的发电机组排放的尾气基本由CO、HC和NOx组成,且多为偏浓气氛(lambda<1)。国家出台的GB26133-2010《非道路移动机械用小型点燃式发动机排气污染物排放限值与测量方法(中国第一、二阶段)》中对发电机组对污染物排放有限值的要求,出口欧美的发电机组也必须符合欧洲和美国法规要求。从污染物排放限值分析,重点和难点是控制HC+NOx的排放,而对于CO的限值比较宽松。
中国发明专利CN2007101602554提供了一种汽油发电机组的尾气处理方法,但只提供了贵金属含量,且含有Pt、Pd、Rh三种贵金属,并未提供催化剂具体制备方法。中国发明专利CN2020102961920提供了一种汽油发电机组尾气处理方法及其装置,具有清洁程度更高,便于拆卸、清洗、监测观察,且可判断尾气处理后是否达标的优点。但也未涉及具体催化剂制备技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种耐高温性能良好、使用寿命长的汽油发电机组尾气催化剂及其制备方法。
按照本发明提供的技术方案,所述汽油发电机组尾气催化剂,它包括金属蜂窝载体以及位于金属蜂窝载体上的催化剂,在催化剂中,氧化铝含量为40~50g/L,氧化铈含量为25~40g/L,氧化镨含量为5~10g/L,氧化铑含量为0.1~0.4g/L。
上述汽油发电机组尾气催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将纳米铝溶胶加入硝酸铈的水溶液,使用羧基酸调节pH=2~4搅拌2~10小时,得到混合浆液,备用;
(2)、将硝酸镨加入去离子水,搅拌0.5~2h后加入硝酸铑溶液继续搅拌0.5~2h;
(3)、将步骤(2)的混合溶液缓慢滴加至步骤(1)的混合浆液中,搅拌2~10h,然后加入醇类化合物继续搅拌2~10h;
(4)、将步骤(3)中的混合溶液在60~80℃中烘干4~10h,120~150℃烘干4~10h,400~600℃焙烧2~10h,得到含有Rh的催化剂粉末,粉碎,加入去离子水球磨,得到含有Rh的成品浆液;
(5)、将步骤(4)中的成品浆液涂覆到金属蜂窝载体上,并在80~200℃烘干0.5~20h,将烘干后的载体在400~600℃中焙烧0.5~20h,得到汽油发电机组尾气催化剂。
作为优选,步骤(1)中所述纳米铝溶胶的D90为5~100nm。
作为优选,步骤(1)中所述羧基酸为甲酸、乙酸、乙二酸、丙酸、丙二酸中的一种或几种。
作为优选,步骤(3)中所述醇类化合物为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇中的一种或几种。
本发明的催化剂制备工艺简单、耐高温性能良好、使用寿命长,并且只采用贵金属Rh作为催化活性组分,制备成本较低。催化剂中的氧化铝有助于提高催化剂的比表面积,有利于活性组分贵金属Rh的分散;催化剂中的氧化铈有利于拓宽催化剂的反应窗口并提高CO的转化效率;催化剂中的氧化镨有利于整体提升催化剂的抗高温老化能力,提高催化剂的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)、称取D90=60nm、固含量为20%的铝溶胶200g,搅拌2h;
(2)、称取能够理论上生成25g氧化铈的硝酸铈水合物加入0.1L去离子水搅拌1h后,缓慢滴加至步骤(1)的铝溶胶中,得到混合浆液;
(3)、往混合浆液中滴加醋酸,将混合浆液调节至pH=3,搅拌8h;
(4)、称取能够理论上生成5g氧化镨的硝酸镨水合物加入0.1L去离子水搅拌1h,缓慢滴入能够理论上生成0.1g氧化铑的硝酸铑溶液,搅拌1h,得到混合溶液;
(5)、将步骤(4)制备所得混合溶液缓慢加入步骤(3)的混合浆液中,搅拌2h;
(6)、称取3g乙二醇,缓慢加入到步骤(5)的混合浆液中,搅拌2h;
(7)、将步骤(6)的混合浆液在70℃烘干10h,150℃烘干10h,500℃焙烧2h,焙烧后进行粉碎,粉碎后加入100g去离子水进行球磨,得到成品浆液;
(8)、将步骤(7)球磨后的成品浆液按照70.1g/L的涂覆量涂覆到φ80*60*50/300cpsi规格的金属载体上,并在150℃烘干4h,450℃焙烧2h,即得到发电机组尾气催化剂。
实施例1得到的催化剂中,氧化铝含量为40g/L,氧化铈含量为25g/L,氧化镨含量为5g/L,氧化铑含量为0.1g/L。
实施例2
(1)、称取D90=60nm、固含量为20%的铝溶胶250g,搅拌2h;
(2)、称取能够理论上生成40g氧化铈的硝酸铈水合物加入0.15L去离子水搅拌1h后,缓慢滴加至步骤(1)的铝溶胶中,得到混合浆液;
(3)、往混合浆液中滴加醋酸,将混合浆液调节至pH=3,搅拌8小时;
(4)、称取能够理论上生成10g氧化镨的硝酸镨水合物加入0.1L去离子水搅拌1h,缓慢滴入能够理论上生成0.3g氧化铑的硝酸铑溶液,搅拌1h,得到混合溶液;
(5)、将步骤(4)制备所得的混合溶液缓慢加入步骤(3)的混合浆液中,搅拌2h;
(6)、称取10g乙二醇,缓慢加入到步骤(5)的混合浆液中,搅拌2h;
(7)、将步骤(6)的混合浆液在70℃烘干10h,150℃烘干10h,500℃焙烧2h,焙烧后进行粉碎,粉碎后加入150g去离子水进行球磨,得到成品浆液;
(8)、将步骤(7)球磨后的成品浆液按照100.3g/L的涂覆量涂覆到φ80*60*50/300cpsi规格的金属载体上,并在150℃烘干4h,450℃焙烧2h,即得到发电机组尾气催化剂。
实施例2得到的催化剂中,氧化铝含量为50g/L,氧化铈含量为40g/L,氧化镨含量为10g/L,氧化铑含量为0.3g/L。
实施例3
(1)、称取D90=60nm、固含量为20%的铝溶胶225g,搅拌2h;
(2)、称取能够理论上生成30g氧化铈的硝酸铈水合物加入0.15L去离子水搅拌1h后,缓慢滴加至步骤(1)的铝溶胶中,得到混合浆液;
(3)、往混合浆液中滴加醋酸,将混合浆液调节至pH=3,搅拌8小时;
(4)、称取能够理论上生成8g氧化镨的硝酸镨水合物加入0.1L去离子水搅拌1h,缓慢滴入能够理论上生成0.4g氧化铑的硝酸铑溶液,搅拌1h,得到混合溶液;
(5)、将步骤(4)制备所得的混合溶液缓慢加入步骤(3)的混合浆液中,搅拌2h;
(6)、称取10g乙二醇,缓慢加入到步骤(5)的混合浆液中,搅拌2h;
(7)、将步骤(6)的混合浆液在70℃烘干10h,150℃烘干10h,500℃焙烧2h,焙烧后进行粉碎,粉碎后加入150g去离子水进行球磨,得到成品浆液;
(8)、将步骤(7)球磨后的成品浆液按照83.4g/L的涂覆量涂覆到φ80*60*50/300cpsi规格的金属载体上,并在150℃烘干4h,450℃焙烧2h,即得到发电机组尾气催化剂。
实施例3中的氧化铝含量为45g/L,氧化铈含量为30g/L,氧化镨含量为8g/L,氧化铑含量为0.4g/L。
对比例1
(1)、称取能够理论生成0.3g氧化铑的硝酸铑溶液,γ-氧化铝粉末50g,氧化铈粉末35g,加入150g去离子水搅拌2h后进行球磨;
(2)、将步骤(1)中球磨后的浆液按照90g/L的涂覆量涂覆到φ80*60*50/300cpsi规格的金属载体上,并在150℃烘干4h,450℃焙烧2h,即得到发电机组尾气催化剂。
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和对比例1得到的发电机组尾气催化剂在排量为440cc,功率为9.5kw的汽油发电机组上进行0h尾气排放测试,测试循环采用六工况法,并分别进行耐久500h和1000h后的排放测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1可以看出,0h时实施例和对比例的制备的催化剂排放测试数据相差不大,但经过500h耐久之后,对比例1制备的催化剂HC+NOx的排放值已经超出工程目标,而实施例1、实施例2和实施例3所制备的汽油机尾气催化剂的测试值都在工程目标之内,且经过500h耐久和经过1000h耐久测试的数据基本无差异。
Claims (5)
1.一种汽油发电机组尾气催化剂,其特征是:它包括金属蜂窝载体以及位于金属蜂窝载体上的催化剂,在催化剂中,氧化铝含量为40~50g/L,氧化铈含量为25~40g/L,氧化镨含量为5~10g/L,氧化铑含量为0.1~0.4g/L。
2.权利要求1所述的汽油发电机组尾气催化剂的制备方法,其特征是该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)、将纳米铝溶胶加入硝酸铈的水溶液,使用羧基酸调节pH=2~4搅拌2 ~ 10小时,得到混合浆液,备用;
(2)、将硝酸镨加入去离子水,搅拌0.5~2h后加入硝酸铑溶液继续搅拌0.5~2h;
(3)、将步骤(2)的混合溶液缓慢滴加至步骤(1)的混合浆液中,搅拌2~10h,然后加入醇类化合物继续搅拌2~10h;
(4)、将步骤(3)中的混合浆液在60~80℃中烘干4~10h,120~150℃烘干4~10h,400~600℃焙烧2~10h,得到含有Rh的催化剂粉末,粉碎,加入去离子水球磨,得到含有Rh的成品浆液;
(5)、将步骤(4)的成品浆液涂覆到金属蜂窝载体上,并在80~200℃烘干0.5~20h,将烘干后的载体在400~600℃中焙烧0.5~20h,得到汽油发电机组尾气催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽油发电机组尾气催化剂的制备方法,其特征是:步骤(1)中所述纳米铝溶胶的D90为5~100nm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的汽油发电机组尾气催化剂的制备方法,其特征是:步骤(1)中所述羧基酸为甲酸、乙酸、乙二酸、丙酸、丙二酸中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的汽油发电机组尾气催化剂的制备方法,其特征是:步骤(3)中所述醇类化合物为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇中的一种或几种。
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