CN114830982B - Tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under film - Google Patents
Tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under film Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco floating seedling pulling membrane transplanting method, which belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting and comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling substrate; (2) seed pretreatment; (3) sowing; (4) seedling management; and (5) transplanting seedlings. The seedling raising substrate is specially prepared, nutrients are slowly and permanently released when seedling raising is performed, transplanting is performed in time, the reserved seedlings can still obtain balanced nutrients from the substrate, repeated fertilizer adding and water changing are not needed, seed pretreatment is performed before sowing, the germination characteristics of seeds are improved, the germination time of the seeds is shortened, intermittent acousto-optic wave coupling treatment is performed before seedling transplanting, cell division differentiation is promoted, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced, the phenomenon of uneven seedling development is avoided by comprehensive treatment, the problem of uneven growth speed caused by uneven light sources in the seedling growing process can be avoided, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, the transplanting times are reduced, and manpower and material resources are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film.
Background
The conventional tobacco floating seedling technology is followed with the principle of few first and more second, namely the water depth of a seedling pool can be controlled to be about 5 cm from sowing to seedling emergence so as to improve the water temperature and accelerate the seedling emergence. After 90% of seedlings emerge, pool water is added again and the water depth is kept at 10cm, so that the nutrient solution is convenient to prepare. After the first leaf cutting, water is not added in principle, so that the leaf is naturally fallen to dry, and the growth of root systems is promoted. If the abnormal phenomena of turbidity, odor and the like of pond water are found in the seedling raising process, water should be changed in time, otherwise, the growth of tobacco seedlings is affected. The water surface cannot be exposed to sunlight so as to prevent algae from breeding and influence the growth of tobacco seedlings. If water leaks in the pool, the membrane should be replaced, water and fertilizer should be added in time. It can be seen that the current tobacco floating seedling technology is very complicated to operate, needs to repeatedly change membranes, change water, add water and add fertilizer, and can consume a large amount of manpower and material resources due to the complicated operation in actual operation, so that a good cultivation effect can not be achieved.
Although there are also related improvements in the present day, strict management of fertilizer water, temperature, humidity, disease control and the like is still required. A method for transplanting tobacco floating seedlings under a pulling plant film, such as CN 201710290356.7. The invention discloses a tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method, which relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, and is characterized in that strong seedlings are obtained through site construction, seedling trays and seedling matrix preparation, tray loading and sowing and seedling stage management; transplanting strong seedlings in the seedling raising tray to tobacco ridges in time in batches by a film transplanting method; continuously culturing the rest weak seedlings for 3-5 days; the strong seedlings are tobacco seedlings with stem height of 6-10 cm, stem circumference of 1-2 cm, 4-5 functional leaves, shearing She Cishu times for 1-2 times, hardening seedlings for not less than 10 days and seedling age of 60-70 days. The flue-cured tobacco seedling raising method disclosed by the invention integrates the advantages of intensification, standardization of management, consistent growth of tobacco seedlings, less occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, short seedling returning period, strong tobacco seedlings, simplicity and convenience in transplanting and the like. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of tobacco seedlings by under-film transplanting is improved, the seedling returning period is effectively shortened, the survival of tobacco plants is facilitated, and the economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco is increased. The invention needs to continuously manage tax in the seedling raising process, and has the advantages of high transplanting frequency, complex operation and low seedling survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the existing problems and provides a tobacco floating seedling pulling-out plant transplanting method under a film.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
a. weighing 1-2 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 30-40 parts of white sugar, 3-4 parts of beef extract peptone and 1-2 parts of yeast powder by weight, uniformly stirring, placing the materials on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing the materials in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, screening out coarse blocks by using a 8-10 mesh screen, screening out fine powder by using a 60-65 mesh screen, and obtaining an inner core for standby;
b. the graphene and the monazite are jointly placed in a bead mill according to the weight ratio of 3-4:1 for grinding, and the mixed powder A is taken out for standby after finishing, and electron beam irradiation treatment is carried out while grinding;
c. placing nitrogen fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5-6:10-12, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
d. the dried moss and the crop straw are placed in a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:10-14 for pulverization to obtain mixed powder C for standby;
e. suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, carrying out ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, and filtering out the seeds for later use;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 1-3 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
intermittent acousto-optic wave coupling treatment is carried out before seedling transplanting is carried out;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 16-20 cm, transplanting the seedlings through a film transplanting method.
Further, the vacuum degree in the drying treatment in the step (1) in the operation a is 1-3 Pa, the drying temperature is 30-40 ℃, and the water content is 1-2%.
Further, the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment in the step (1) in the operation b is 1-2 MeV, and the irradiation dose is 2000-4000 Gy.
Further, the treatment fluid in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-2% of ammonia water, 0.6-0.9% of fulvic acid, 3-5% of ammonium nitrate, 2-5% of potassium iodide, 2-6% of copper chloride, 1-2% of ferric sulfate, 0.8-1.2% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water.
Further, in the step (2), the ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment is performed at a control voltage of 160-200V, a current of 5-9A, a frequency of ultrasonic waves of 40-50 kHz and a treatment time of 20-30 min.
Further, in the step (4), the frequency of the sound wave is controlled to be 20-50 kHz, the wavelength of the light wave is 300-400 nm, the treatment is performed specifically every 2-3 days, and the time of each treatment is 5-9 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the application specially prepares a seedling substrate, firstly, beneficial microorganisms, white sugar, beef extract peptone and yeast powder are uniformly stirred and mixed according to a proper proportion, and then shaking treatment is carried out on a shaking table, so that on one hand, the fusion between the raw materials is promoted, on the other hand, the biological activity of the beneficial microorganisms is improved, and then the low-temperature drying treatment is carried out under a vacuum condition, so that the activity of the microorganisms can be ensured, the permeability is improved, and the whole grain can be conveniently carried out; the graphene and monazite are placed in a bead mill according to a proper proportion for grinding, kinetic energy generated by grinding is effectively absorbed by means of irradiation of electron beams, interface effect between two raw materials is weakened, surface tension of mixed powder can be enhanced, surface porosity is increased, the obtained mixed powder is sprayed and coated on the surface of whole grains of an inner core to form a coating layer with high activity and high porosity, bioactivity of the inner core and activity of nutrient components are protected, nitrogen fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil are uniformly stirred and uniformly mixed according to a proper proportion for spraying and coating, a high-nutrition and homogeneous protective layer is formed, finally dried moss and crop straws are crushed according to a proper proportion for final coating, a dense network structure is formed, and structural stability of a matrix is guaranteed. The seedling substrate prepared by the method has balanced nutrition, stable performance and structure, and can effectively adsorb toxic metabolites generated by the growth of the seedlings. In the process of seedling cultivation, particularly floating seedling cultivation, nutrients are slowly and permanently released, the phenomenon of uneven growth of seedlings caused by unbalanced nutrition is avoided, in addition, transplanting is performed in time, and the reserved seedlings can still obtain balanced nutrition from a matrix without repeated fertilizer adding and water changing.
2. According to the method, seed pretreatment is carried out before sowing, tobacco seeds are immersed in treatment fluid, ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment is carried out, ionization is carried out on components in the treatment fluid under the action of certain voltage and current, cheng Yanggen ions and negative ions are ionized, positive and negative ions in the seeds are promoted to be distributed under the action of ultrasonic waves, dormancy period of the seeds is broken, germination characteristics of the seeds are improved, germination time of the seeds is shortened, and the phenomenon that seedlings are uneven due to the fact that the germination time of the seeds is different is avoided.
3. The intermittent acousto-optic wave coupling treatment is carried out before seedling transplanting, cell division differentiation is promoted, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced, the phenomenon of uneven seedling development is further avoided, the problem that the growth speed is not uniform due to uneven light source in the seedling growth process can be avoided, the survival rate of seedlings is improved, the transplanting times are reduced, and manpower and material resources are saved.
Detailed Description
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1-2 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 30-40 parts of white sugar, 3-4 parts of beef extract peptone and 1-2 parts of yeast powder, uniformly stirring, placing the materials on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing the materials in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening out coarse blocks by using a 8-10 mesh sieve, screening out fine powder by using a 60-65 mesh sieve, obtaining an inner core for whole grain preparation, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 1-3 Pa, the drying temperature is 30-40 ℃, and the water content is 1-2%;
the graphene and the monazite are jointly placed in a bead mill according to the weight ratio of 3-4:1 for grinding, the mixed powder A is taken out for standby after finishing, electron beam irradiation treatment is carried out while grinding, the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1-2 MeV, and the irradiation dose is 2000-4000 Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5-6:10-12, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
mixing the dried moss and the crop straw according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-14 are placed in a straw pulverizer together for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby after pulverization;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing the tobacco seeds in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 160-200V, the current to be 5-9A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 40-50 kHz, and filtering out the seeds for standby after 20-30 min of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-2% of ammonia water, 0.6-0.9% of fulvic acid, 3-5% of ammonium nitrate, 2-5% of potassium iodide, 2-6% of copper chloride, 1-2% of ferric sulfate, 0.8-1.2% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 1-3 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
performing intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 20-50 kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 300-400 nm, the treatment is performed specifically every 2-3 days, and the treatment time is 5-9 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 16-20 cm, transplanting the seedlings through a film transplanting method.
For a further explanation of the invention, the following examples are set forth in connection with the following specific examples.
Example 1
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1 part of beneficial microorganisms, 30 parts of white sugar, 3 parts of beef extract peptone and 1 part of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by using an 8-mesh sieve, and screening fine powder by using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for later use, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 1Pa, the drying temperature is 30 ℃, and the water content is 1%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1MeV, and the irradiation dose is 2000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5:10, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:10 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 160V, the current to be 5A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 40kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 20 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1% of ammonia water, 0.6% of fulvic acid, 3% of ammonium nitrate, 2% of potassium iodide, 2% of copper chloride, 1% of ferric sulfate, 0.8% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 1 seed;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 20kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 300nm, the treatment is carried out specifically every 2 days, and the treatment time is 5 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 16cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 2
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 180V, the current to be 7A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 45kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 3
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 2 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 40 parts of white sugar, 4 parts of beef extract peptone and 2 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 10-mesh sieve, and then screening fine powder by a 65-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for later use, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 3Pa, the drying temperature is 40 ℃, and the water content is 2%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 4:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 2MeV, and the irradiation dose is 4000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:6:12, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:14 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 200V, the current to be 9A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 50kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 30 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of ammonia water, 0.9% of fulvic acid, 5% of ammonium nitrate, 5% of potassium iodide, 6% of copper chloride, 2% of ferric sulfate, 1.2% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein 3 seeds are sown in each tray;
(4) Seedling management:
performing intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 50kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 400nm, the treatment is performed specifically every 3 days, and the treatment time is 9 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 20cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 4
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the mixed powder A obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, then sequentially adding the mixed powder B obtained in the operation B and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation C to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the mixed powder A in a suspended state, and then carrying out cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 180V, the current to be 7A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 45kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 5
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder B obtained in the operation B and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation C to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 180V, the current to be 7A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 45kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 6
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the mixed powder B obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, adding the mixed powder C obtained in the operation B to the fluidized bed in a spray mode, wrapping whole grains of the inner core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 180V, the current to be 7A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 45kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 7
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, filtering out the seeds for standby after 25min of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 8
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing the tobacco seeds in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, carrying out ionization treatment, controlling the voltage to be 180V and the current to be 7A, and filtering out the seeds for standby after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 9
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing the tobacco seeds in an electrolytic tank, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ultrasonic treatment, controlling the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 45kHz, and filtering out the seeds for standby after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (4) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 10
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing seeds into the seedling raising plates, wherein each hole plate is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(3) Seedling management:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment before seedling transplanting, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 35kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment, the wavelength of the light waves is 350nm, and the treatment is carried out specifically once every 2.5 days, and the treatment time is 7 hours each time;
(4) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (3) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Example 11
A tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
weighing 1.5 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 35 parts of white sugar, 3.5 parts of beef extract peptone and 1.5 parts of yeast powder in parts by weight, stirring uniformly, placing on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening coarse blocks by a 9-mesh sieve, screening fine powder by a 63-mesh sieve to obtain inner core granules for standby, wherein the vacuum degree during drying treatment is 2Pa, the drying temperature is 35 ℃, and drying to the water content of 1.5%;
grinding graphene and monazite in a bead mill according to a weight ratio of 3.5:1, taking out mixed powder A for standby, and carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment while grinding, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment is 1.5MeV, and the irradiation dose is 3000Gy;
placing the nitrogenous fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5.5:11, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:12 for pulverization, and mixed powder C is obtained for standby;
suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, performing ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, controlling the voltage to be 180V, the current to be 7A, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 45kHz, and filtering out the seeds for later use after 25 minutes of treatment, wherein the treatment liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of ammonia water, 0.75% of fulvic acid, 4% of ammonium nitrate, 3.5% of potassium iodide, 4% of copper chloride, 1.5% of ferric sulfate, 1% of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 2 seeds;
(4) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the height of the seedlings in the step (3) is 18cm, transplanting the seedlings through a transplanting method under the film.
Control group
The application number is: CN201710290356.7 discloses a method for transplanting tobacco floating seedling under a pulling plant film.
In order to compare the technical effects of the application, the invention selects the tobacco seeds collected in the same batch as an experimental object, then respectively uses the methods of the embodiment 2, the embodiments 4-11 and the control group to carry out seedling transplantation, and observes and counts the germination rate of the seeds, the survival rate of the seedlings and the prevalence rate of the seedlings.
Specific experimental comparative data are shown in table 1 below:
germination rate/%survival rate/%prevalence/%
Example 2.99.3.99.5.0.6
Example 4 86.2 91.0.8.7
Example 5 91.3 92.5.2.3
Example 6 92.0.82.0.10.2
Example 7.83.2.86.3.6.2
Example 8 87.0.83.0.4.6
Example 9 85.2.79.6.5.0
Example 10 73.3.70.0.9.8
Example 11.99.3.78.2.6.2
Control 81.0.79.5.13.2
From table 1 above, it can be seen that this application provides a tobacco floating seedling culture pull plant transplanting method under membrane, when carrying out the seedling culture, seedling culture matrix nutrient is slowly lasting released, in addition in time transplanting, the seedling that remains still can acquire balanced nutrition from the matrix, do not need to carry out repeated fertilization, trade water, seed pretreatment has been carried out before sowing, improve the germination characteristics of seed, shorten the germination time of seed, carry out intermittent type sound-light wave coupling treatment before transplanting seedlings, promote cell division differentiation, strengthen the resistance of seedling, comprehensive treatment avoids the phenomenon that seedling development is uneven, in addition can avoid the nursery stock growth in-process, the inhomogeneous problem of growth rate that leads to of light source, improve the survival rate of nursery stock, reduce the number of times of transplanting, save manpower and materials.
Claims (6)
1. The tobacco floating seedling pulling and transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a seedling substrate:
a. weighing 1-2 parts of beneficial microorganisms, 30-40 parts of white sugar, 3-4 parts of beef extract peptone and 1-2 parts of yeast powder by weight, uniformly stirring, placing the materials on a shaking table for shaking treatment, placing the materials in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, firstly screening out coarse blocks by using a 8-10-mesh sieve, and screening out fine powder by using a 60-65-mesh sieve to obtain inner core whole grains for later use;
b. the graphene and the monazite are jointly placed in a bead mill according to the weight ratio of 3-4:1 for grinding, and the mixed powder A is taken out for standby after finishing, and electron beam irradiation treatment is carried out while grinding;
c. placing nitrogen fertilizer, plant ash and sandy soil together in a stirring tank according to the weight parts of 1:5-6:10-12, and stirring uniformly to obtain mixed powder B for later use;
d. the dried moss and the crop straw are put into a straw pulverizer together according to the weight ratio of 1:10-14 for pulverization to obtain mixed powder C for standby;
e. suspending the whole core obtained in the operation a in air by using a fluidized bed, sequentially adding the mixed powder A obtained in the operation B, the mixed powder B obtained in the operation C and the mixed powder C obtained in the operation d to the fluidized bed in a spraying mode, wrapping the whole core in a suspended state, and then performing cold air drying treatment;
(2) Seed pretreatment:
immersing tobacco seeds in a treatment liquid, then placing in an electrolytic tank, switching on a power supply, immersing an ultrasonic probe in the treatment liquid, starting ultrasonic waves, carrying out ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment, and filtering out the seeds for later use;
(3) Sowing:
dishing the seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (1), and then sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) into seedling raising trays, wherein each tray is used for sowing 1-3 seeds;
(4) Seedling management:
intermittent acousto-optic wave coupling treatment is carried out before seedling transplanting is carried out;
(5) Transplanting seedlings:
and (3) after the Miao Mugao degree in the step (4) is as long as 16-20 cm, transplanting seedlings through a film transplanting method.
2. The method for transplanting tobacco floating seedlings under a pulling film according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree in the drying treatment in the step (1) is 1-3 Pa, the drying temperature is 30-40 ℃, and the moisture content is 1-2%.
3. The method for transplanting tobacco floating seedlings under a pulling plant film according to claim 1, wherein the energy of the electron beam irradiation treatment in the step (1) is 1-2 MeV, and the irradiation dose is 2000-4000 Gy.
4. The method for transplanting tobacco floating seedlings under a pulling plant film according to claim 1, wherein the components in the treatment liquid in the step (2) and the corresponding weight percentages are as follows: 1 to 2 percent of ammonia water, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of fulvic acid, 3 to 5 percent of ammonium nitrate, 2 to 5 percent of potassium iodide, 2 to 6 percent of copper chloride, 1 to 2 percent of ferric sulfate, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of zinc sulfate and the balance of pure water.
5. The method for transplanting tobacco floating seedlings under a pulling plant film according to claim 1, wherein the ionization-ultrasonic coupling treatment in the step (2) is controlled to be 160-200V in voltage, 5-9A in current, 40-50 kHz in ultrasonic frequency and 20-30 min in treatment time.
6. The method for transplanting tobacco floating seedlings under a pulling membrane according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of sound waves is controlled to be 20-50 kHz during the intermittent sound-light wave coupling treatment in the step (4), the wavelength of light waves is 300-400 nm, the treatment is specifically carried out every 2-3 days, and the time of each treatment is 5-9 hours.
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