CN114805022A - 三甲基丁烷的制备装置及制备方法 - Google Patents

三甲基丁烷的制备装置及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114805022A
CN114805022A CN202210048723.3A CN202210048723A CN114805022A CN 114805022 A CN114805022 A CN 114805022A CN 202210048723 A CN202210048723 A CN 202210048723A CN 114805022 A CN114805022 A CN 114805022A
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桥本公太郎
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Abstract

本发明的装置(1A、1B),回收空气中的二氧化碳,利用可再生电力将水电解而生成氢,由所回收的二氧化碳和所生成的氢生成一氧化碳,由所生成的一氧化碳和所生成的氢生成甲醇,使所生成的甲醇和所回收的二氧化碳或所生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸,由所生成的乙酸生成丙酮和二氧化碳,由所生成的丙酮生成频哪酮,由所生成的甲醇生成格式试剂,使所生成的频哪酮和格式试剂发生反应生成2,3,3‑三甲基‑2‑丁醇,由所生成的2,3,3‑三甲基‑2‑丁醇生成2,2,3‑三甲基丁烷。

Description

三甲基丁烷的制备装置及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种三甲基丁烷的制备装置及制备方法。
背景技术
以往,已知有三甲基丁烷(2,2,3-三甲基丁烷)的各种制备方法(例如参见专利文献1)。在专利文献1记载的制备方法中,通过催化反应在氢存在下对石脑油中所包含的碳数为5或6的环状碳氢化合物进行选择性开环,使其异构化,由此制备三甲基丁烷。
然而,期待着使用从工厂废气等回收的二氧化碳合成甲醇(可再生甲醇),并将其用于汽油等燃料的制备,作为应对全球变暖的对策。但是,专利文献1的制备方法使用石脑油作为原料,因此难以为应对全球变暖做出贡献。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特表2005-501894号公报(JP2005-501894A)。
发明内容
本发明的一技术方案的三甲基丁烷的制备装置,具备:二氧化碳回收部,其回收空气中的二氧化碳;氢生成部,其利用可再生电力将水电解而生成氢;一氧化碳生成部,其由二氧化碳回收部回收的二氧化碳和氢生成部生成的氢生成一氧化碳;甲醇生成部,其由一氧化碳生成部生成的一氧化碳和氢生成部生成的氢生成甲醇;乙酸生成部,其使甲醇生成部生成的甲醇与二氧化碳回收部回收的二氧化碳或一氧化碳生成部生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸;丙酮生成部,其由乙酸生成部生成的乙酸生成丙酮和二氧化碳;频哪酮生成部,其由丙酮生成部生成的丙酮生成频哪酮;格式试剂生成部,其由甲醇生成部生成的甲醇生成格式试剂;三甲基丁醇生成部,其使频哪酮生成部生成的频哪酮和格式试剂生成部生成的格式试剂发生反应生成2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇;以及三甲基丁烷生成部,其由三甲基丁醇生成部所生成的2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇生成2,2,3-三甲基丁烷。
本发明的另一实施方式的三甲基丁烷的制备方法,包括:二氧化碳回收步骤,在该步骤中,回收空气中的二氧化碳;氢生成步骤,在该步骤中,利用可再生电力将水电解而生成氢;一氧化碳生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在二氧化碳回收步骤中回收的二氧化碳和在氢生成步骤中生成的氢生成一氧化碳;甲醇生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在一氧化碳生成步骤中生成的一氧化碳和在氢生成步骤中生成的氢生成甲醇;乙酸生成步骤,在该步骤中,使在甲醇生成步骤中生成的甲醇与在二氧化碳回收步骤中回收的二氧化碳或在一氧化碳生成步骤中生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸;丙酮生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在乙酸生成步骤中生成的乙酸生成丙酮和二氧化碳;频哪酮生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在丙酮生成步骤中生成的丙酮生成频哪酮;格式试剂生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在甲醇生成步骤中生成的甲醇中生成格式试剂;三甲基丁醇生成步骤,在该步骤中,使在频哪酮生成步骤中生成的频哪酮和在格式试剂生成步骤中生成的格式试剂发生反应生成2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇;以及三甲基丁烷生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在三甲基丁醇生成步骤中生成的2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇生成2,2,3-三甲基丁烷。
附图说明
本发明的目的、特征以及优点,通过与附图相关的以下实施方式的说明进一步阐明。
图1A是示意性地示出本发明的实施方式的三甲基丁烷的制备装置的构成的一例的框图。
图1B是示意性地示出本发明的实施方式的三甲基丁烷的制备装置的构成的另一例的框图。
具体实施方式
以下参照图1A和图1B对本发明的实施方式的进行说明。本发明的实施方式的三甲基丁烷的制备装置以可再生甲醇为原料制备三甲基丁烷(2,2,3-三甲基丁烷)。
地球的平均气温因大气中的温室气体而保持在适合生物的温暖状态。具体而言,温室气体吸收从被太阳光加热了的地表面向宇宙空间辐射的热的一部分,并将其再次向地表面辐射,由此使大气保持在温暖的状态。当像这样的大气中的温室气体浓度增加时,地球的平均气温会上升(全球变暖)。
温室气体中对全球变暖影响较大的二氧化碳在大气中的浓度是由以植物、化石燃料的形态固定在地上、地下的碳与以二氧化碳的形态存在于大气中的碳之间的平衡来决定的。例如当植物在生长过程中通过光合作用吸收大气中的二氧化碳时,大气中的二氧化碳浓度降低,而当化石燃料燃烧向大气中排放二氧化碳时,大气中的二氧化碳浓度升高。为了抑制全球变暖,需要用太阳光、风力、生物质等可再生能源来替代化石燃料,减少碳排放量。
因此在本实施方式中,对利用从工厂废气等回收的二氧化碳合成可再生甲醇,以可再生甲醇作为原料制备成为汽油的重整剂的三甲基丁烷的三甲基丁烷的制备装置及制备方法进行说明。
图1A是示意性地示出本发明的实施方式的三甲基丁烷的制备装置(以下称为装置)1A的构成的一例的框图。如图1A所示,装置1A具有发电装置2、水电解装置3、DAC装置4、逆变换反应器5、甲醇制备器6、乙酸制备器7A、丙酮制备器8、二聚反应器9、频哪醇转移反应器10、格式反应器13、氢取代反应器14、氯取代反应器11、格式试剂制备器12、气体净化器15。
发电装置2构成为例如通过半导体元件将太阳能转换成电能的太阳能发电装置、通过风车将风能转换成电能的风力发电装置,生成可再生电力。
水电解装置3利用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力将水电解而生成氢(可再生氢)(H2)。
DAC(Direct Air Capture:直接捕获空气)装置4例如利用化学吸收法从工厂废气等含有二氧化碳的原料气体(空气)中分离并回收二氧化碳(CO2)作为所谓的碳中和碳源。具体而言,将原料气体选择性地吸收到氨等吸收液中,加热吸收液分离并回收高纯度的二氧化碳。在原料气体、吸收液输送用泵、吸收液加热用加热器使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。
向逆变换反应器5供给由DAC装置4回收的二氧化碳和由水电解装置3生成的氢,在铜、镍等催化剂存在下,在600~700℃下,通过下式(i)的逆变换反应(平衡反应)生成一氧化碳(CO)和水(H2O)。在逆变换反应器5中未反应的二氧化碳被供给到后续的乙酸制备步骤。在逆变换反应器5的加热用的加热器使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。在该反应中,一氧化碳的收率在700℃下为约67%,但在氢过量的条件下,能够进一步提高,例如达到100%。
CO2+H2→CO+H2O…(i)
向甲醇制备器6供给由逆变换反应器5生成的一氧化碳和由水电解装置3生成的氢,在铜-锌催化剂存在下,在240~260℃、50~100气压下,通过下式(ii)的反应生成甲醇(CH3OH)。在甲醇制备器6的加热用的加热器、加压用的泵使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。在该反应中,甲醇的收率为约95%。
CO+2H2→CH3OH…(ii)
向乙酸制备器7A供给由甲醇制备器6生成的甲醇、由水电解装置3生成的氢、由DAC装置4回收的(在逆变换反应器5中未反应的)二氧化碳,在钌-铑催化剂存在下,在200℃、100气压下,通过下式(iii)的反应生成乙酸(CH3COOH)。在乙酸制备器7A的加热用的加热器、加压用的泵使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。在该反应中,乙酸的收率为约77%。
CH3OH+H2+CO2→CH3COOH+H2O…(iii)
向丙酮制备器8供给由乙酸制备器7A生成的乙酸,铬-锌-锰催化剂存在下,在325℃、常压下,通过下式(iv)的反应生成丙酮(CH3COCH3)、二氧化碳和水。在丙酮制备器8的加热用的加热器使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。在该反应中,丙酮的收率为约96%。
2CH3COOH→CH3COCH3+CO2+H2O…(iv)
向二聚反应器9供给由丙酮制备器8生成的丙酮,在镁等催化剂存在下,通过下式(v)的频哪醇偶联反应生成频哪醇((CH3)2COHCOH(CH3)2)。
2CH3COCH3→(CH3)2COHCOH(CH3)2…(v)
频哪醇转移反应器10供给由二聚反应器9生成的频哪醇,在强酸条件下,通过下式(vi)的频哪醇转移反应生成频哪酮((CH3)3CCOCH3)。因为频哪醇的取代基全部是甲基(CH3),所以在从频哪醇的转移反应中只能得到频哪酮。
(CH3)2COHCOH(CH3)2→(CH3)3CCOCH3…(vi)
向氯取代反应器11供给由甲醇制备器6生成的甲醇和氯化氢(HCl),在锌等催化剂存在下,在加热条件下,通过下式(vii)的反应生成氯甲烷(CH3Cl)和水。在氯取代反应器11的加热用的加热器使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。
CH3OH+HCl→CH3Cl+H2O…(vii)
向格式试剂制备器12供给由氯取代反应器11生成的氯甲烷和金属镁(Mg),在乙醚或四氢呋喃(THF)溶剂中,通过下式(viii)的反应生成格式试剂(CH3MgCl)。
CH3Cl+Mg→CH3MgCl…(viii)
向格式反应器13供给由频哪醇转移反应器10生成的频哪酮和由格式试剂制备器12生成的格式试剂,通过下式(ix)的格式反应生成2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇((CH3)3CC(CH3)2OH)。格式反应是不可逆的。
(CH3)3CCOCH3+CH3MgCl→(CH3)3CC(CH3)2OH+HOMgCl…(ix)
向氢取代反应器14供给由格式反应器13生成的2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇,例如通过如下式(x)那样卤化后还原,由此生成2,2,3-三甲基丁烷(三甲基丁烷)((CH3)3CC(CH3)2)。
(CH3)3CC(CH3)2OH→(CH3)3CC(CH3)2X→(CH3)3CC(CH3)2…(x)
在气体净化器15中供给由丙酮制备器8生成的作为中间产物的二氧化碳,并对所供给的二氧化碳气体进行净化。由气体净化器15净化后的二氧化碳被供给到乙酸制备器7A。即,向乙酸制备器7A供给由DAC装置4回收且在逆变换反应器5中未反应的二氧化碳外,还供给由气体净化器15净化的二氧化碳。这样,通过使所得到的作为中间产物的二氧化碳再循环,装置1A作为整体不排放二氧化碳,能够有效利用由DAC装置4回收的碳中和碳源。
图1B是示意性地示出作为图1A的装置1A的变形例的装置1B的构成的一例的框图。在装置1B的乙酸制备器7B中供给由甲醇制备器6生成的甲醇和由逆变换反应器5生成的一氧化碳,在铑或铱催化剂存在下,在200℃、30气压下,通过下式(xi)的反应生成乙酸。在乙酸制备器7B的加热用的加热器、加压用的泵使用由发电装置2生成的可再生电力。
CH3OH+CO→CH3COOH…(xi)
由装置1B的气体净化器15净化的二氧化碳被供给至逆变换反应器5。即,向逆变换反应器5供给由DAC装置4回收的二氧化碳外,还供给由气体净化器15净化的二氧化碳。这样,通过使所得到的作为中间产物的二氧化碳再循环,装置1B作为整体不排放二氧化碳,能够有效利用由DAC装置4回收的碳中和碳源。
采用本实施方式能够起到如下的作用效果。
(1)装置1A、1B具备:DAC装置4,其回收空气中的二氧化碳;水电解装置3,其利用可再生电力将水电解而生成氢;逆变换反应器5,其由所回收的二氧化碳和所生成的氢生成一氧化碳;甲醇制备器6,其由所生成的一氧化碳和所生成的氢生成甲醇;乙酸制备器7A、7B,它们使所生成的甲醇与所回收的二氧化碳或所生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸;丙酮制备器8,其由所生成的乙酸生成丙酮和二氧化碳;二聚反应器9和频哪醇转移反应器10,它们由所生成的丙酮生成频哪酮;氯取代反应器11和格式试剂制备器12,它们由所生成的甲醇生成格式试剂;格式反应器13,其使所生成的频哪酮和格式试剂发生反应生成2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇;氢取代反应器14,其由所生成的2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇生成2,2,3-三甲基丁烷(图1A、图1B)。
将利用从工厂废气等回收的作为碳中和碳源的二氧化碳合成的可再生甲醇作为原料,制备成为汽油的重整剂的三甲基丁烷,由此能够降低重整汽油的碳强度,作为气候变暖对策做出贡献。
(2)装置1A还具备气体净化器15,该气体净化器15对由丙酮制备器8生成的二氧化碳进行净化(图1A)。乙酸制备器7A使由甲醇制备器6生成的甲醇与由DAC装置4回收的二氧化碳和由气体净化器15净化的二氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸(图1A)。通过使所得到的作为中间产物的二氧化碳再循环,装置1A作为整体不排放二氧化碳,能够有效利用碳中和碳源。
(3)装置1B还具备气体净化器15,该气体净化器15对由丙酮制备器8生成的二氧化碳进行净化(图1B)。逆变换反应器5使由DAC装置4回收的二氧化碳、由气体净化器15净化的二氧化碳与由水电解装置3生成的氢发生反应生成一氧化碳(图1B)。乙酸制备器7B使由甲醇制备器6生成的甲醇与由逆变换反应器5生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸(图1B)。通过使作为中间产物而得到的二氧化碳再循环,装置1B作为整体不排放二氧化碳,能够有效利用碳中和碳源。
在上述实施方式中,对使用通过利用化学吸收法回收原料气体中的二氧化碳的DAC装置4的例子进行了说明,但回收空气中的二氧化碳的二氧化碳回收部并不局限于此。例如,还可以使用将二氧化碳选择性地吸附在活性炭、沸石等吸附剂,通过减压对二氧化碳进行分离和回收的PSA(Pressure Swing Adsorption:变压吸附)法。
在上述实施方式中,示例了生成一氧化碳、甲醇、乙酸、丙酮、频哪酮、格式试剂、2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇以及2,2,3-三甲基丁烷时的催化剂、试剂、反应条件等,但并不局限于此。
既能够任意组合上述实施方式和变形例的一个或者多个,也能够将各变形例彼此进行组合。
采用本发明能够作为全球变暖对策做出贡献。
上文结合优选实施方式对本发明进行了说明,本领域技术人员应理解为能够在不脱离后述权利要求书的公开范围的情况下进行各种修改和变更。

Claims (4)

1.一种三甲基丁烷的制备装置(1A、1B),其特征在于,具备:
二氧化碳回收部(4),其回收空气中的二氧化碳;
氢生成部(3),其利用可再生电力将水电解而生成氢;
一氧化碳生成部(5),其由所述二氧化碳回收部(4)回收的二氧化碳和所述氢生成部(3)生成的氢生成一氧化碳;
甲醇生成部(6),其由所述一氧化碳生成部(5)生成的一氧化碳和所述氢生成部(3)生成的氢生成甲醇;
乙酸生成部(7A、7B),其使所述甲醇生成部(6)生成的甲醇与所述二氧化碳回收部(4)回收的二氧化碳或所述一氧化碳生成部(5)生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸;
丙酮生成部(8),其由所述乙酸生成部(7A、7B)生成的乙酸生成丙酮和二氧化碳;
频哪酮生成部(9、10),其由所述丙酮生成部(8)生成的丙酮生成频哪酮;
格式试剂生成部(11、12),其由所述甲醇生成部(6)生成的甲醇生成格式试剂;
三甲基丁醇生成部(13),其使所述频哪酮生成部(9、10)生成的频哪酮和所述格式试剂生成部(11、12)生成的格式试剂发生反应生成2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇;以及
三甲基丁烷生成部(14),其由所述三甲基丁醇生成部(13)生成的2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇生成2,2,3-三甲基丁烷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三甲基丁烷的制备装置(1A),其特征在于,还具备:二氧化碳净化部(15),所述二氧化碳净化部(15)对由所述丙酮生成部(8)生成的二氧化碳进行净化,
所述乙酸生成部(7A)使由所述甲醇生成部(6)生成的甲醇与由所述二氧化碳回收部(4)回收的二氧化碳和由所述二氧化碳净化部(15)净化的二氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三甲基丁烷的制备装置(1B),其特征在于,还具备:二氧化碳净化部(15),所述二氧化碳净化部(15)净化由所述丙酮生成部(8)生成的二氧化碳,
所述一氧化碳生成部(5)使由所述二氧化碳回收部(4)回收的二氧化碳和由所述二氧化碳净化部(15)净化的二氧化碳与由所述氢生成部(3)生成的氢发生反应生成一氧化碳,
所述乙酸生成部(7B)使由所述甲醇生成部(6)生成的甲醇和由所述一氧化碳生成部(5)生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸。
4.一种三甲基丁烷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
二氧化碳回收步骤,在该步骤中,回收空气中的二氧化碳;
氢生成步骤,在该步骤中,利用可再生电力将水电解而生成氢;
一氧化碳生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在所述二氧化碳回收步骤中回收的二氧化碳和在所述氢生成步骤中生成的氢生成一氧化碳;
甲醇生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在所述一氧化碳生成步骤中生成的一氧化碳和在所述氢生成步骤中生成的氢生成甲醇;
乙酸生成步骤,在该步骤中,使在所述甲醇生成步骤中生成的甲醇与在所述二氧化碳回收步骤中回收的二氧化碳或在所述一氧化碳生成步骤中生成的一氧化碳发生反应生成乙酸;
丙酮生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在所述乙酸生成步骤中生成的乙酸生成丙酮和二氧化碳;
频哪酮生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在所述丙酮生成步骤中生成的丙酮生成频哪酮;
格式试剂生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在所述甲醇生成步骤中生成的甲醇生成格式试剂;
三甲基丁醇生成步骤,在该步骤中,使在所述频哪酮生成步骤中生成的频哪酮和在所述格式试剂生成步骤中生成的格式试剂发生反应生成2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇;以及
三甲基丁烷生成步骤,在该步骤中,由在所述三甲基丁醇生成步骤中生成的2,3,3-三甲基-2-丁醇生成2,2,3-三甲基丁烷。
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