CN114795664A - 一种卫生护理用品及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种卫生护理用品及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114795664A
CN114795664A CN202110107586.1A CN202110107586A CN114795664A CN 114795664 A CN114795664 A CN 114795664A CN 202110107586 A CN202110107586 A CN 202110107586A CN 114795664 A CN114795664 A CN 114795664A
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China
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layer
solution
spinning
woven fabric
pvdf
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CN202110107586.1A
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CN114795664B (zh
Inventor
施勇鹏
焦顺
高婷婷
郭国良
郑军妹
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Ningbo Fotile Kitchen Ware Co Ltd
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Ningbo Fotile Kitchen Ware Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种卫生护理用品及其制备方法，其中卫生护理用品包括能够亲液透液的表层、能够吸水的吸收层和能够防漏的底层，所述表层、吸收层、底层依次叠置，所述表层、吸收层、底层均包括通过静电纺丝制成的纳米纤维层。本发明的卫生用品的各层均包括通过静电纺丝方法制备而成的纳米纤维层，纳米纤维结构的透气性良好，避免婴儿处于潮湿闷热的环境下。

Description

一种卫生护理用品及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于卫生用品领域，具体涉及一种卫生护理用品及其制备方法。
背景技术
日常生活中经常用到的卫生用品如尿不湿、卫生巾、纸尿裤等，如尿不湿产品通常为片状，穿戴好后为短裤型，一般由亲肤层、导流层、芯体和防漏底膜构成，各层发挥各自的功效以实现尿液的快速收集与储存。
如专利号为CN201710847919.8(公告号为CN107456320B)的中国发明专利公开的《一种含有纳米银的高效抗菌抗反渗尿不湿》，包括由上至下依次叠层设置的面层、吸收芯层、防漏底膜，尿不湿两侧粘贴有立体护围，其特征在于，所述的面层为上、中、下三层复合结构，所述的上、下层为亚麻纤维、ES纤维、甲壳素纤维组成的复合纤维网；所述的中层由改性PP纤维制成；所述的面层通过热粘合工艺制得。
该尿不湿的制备方法，至少包括以下步骤：a.将绒毛浆粉碎，并与高吸水树脂混合成型；b.用无纺布包覆步骤a得到的混合物、压实，分切，得到成型的吸收芯层；c.将所述的面层、防漏底膜、立体护围施胶后包覆吸收芯层，复合压实，分切，得到所述的含有纳米银的高效抗菌抗反渗尿不湿。
该专利的面层、吸收芯层、防漏底膜三层之间相互配合，达到了良好的吸液、储液效果，但是婴儿在穿戴尿不湿的时候，基本上处于一个潮湿闷热的环境，故对尿不湿产品的透气性的改善也是至关重要的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状，提供一种透气性好的卫生护理用品。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状，提供一种避免尿液集中在某一区域的卫生护理用品。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状，提供一种上述卫生护理用品的制备方法。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种卫生护理用品，包括能够亲液透液的表层、能够吸水的吸收层和能够防漏的底层，所述表层、吸收层、底层依次叠置，其特征在于：所述表层、吸收层、底层均包括通过静电纺丝制成的纳米纤维层。
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：所述表层和吸收层之间还设有通过静电纺丝制成的导流层，所述导流层包括叠置的吸水层和能降低液体渗漏速度的阻尼层，所述吸水层贴着表层设置，所述阻尼层贴着吸收层设置。
本发明解决上述第三个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种上述卫生护理用品的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表层包括聚乙烯醇和甲壳素，所述表层的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1.1)将甲壳素溶于乙酸溶液中，室温搅拌均匀后得到溶液A；
(1.2)将聚乙烯醇溶于乙酸溶液中，50℃～90℃搅拌均匀后得到溶液B；
(1.3)将溶液A和溶液B以(2～7)：(6～8)的质量比混合均匀后得到表层纺丝液，以无纺布为接收基底，对表层纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层，该纳米纤维层和无纺布共同构成所述表层。纳米纤维高比表面积的特性和材料的高亲水性保证了表层的高吸水速率，甲壳素的加入使其具备了抑菌的功效，PVA、甲壳素均为绿色环保材料，不会对婴儿皮肤产生刺激。
优选地，所述吸水层包括PAN，所述吸水层的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(2.1)将PAN溶于DAMC中，然后加入LiCl，50℃～80℃搅拌均匀得到PAN纺丝液；
(2.2)以无纺布为接收基底，对PAN纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层；
(2.3)将堆积有纳米纤维层的无纺布置于0.1～3mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中，40～90℃条件下水解3～5h，水解后依次经酸洗、水洗至浸出液的PH值接近中性，然后脱水、真空烘干后即得所述吸水层。PAN中含有的-C≡N基团经水解后生成酰胺基、羧酸基等亲水性基团，纤维表面携带大量羟基，这些基团的存在都有效提升了部分水解后PAN纳米纤维的亲水性，同时这些基团配合纤维表面由于水解所致的膨胀结构为纤维提供一定的保水能力，而纳米纤维超高的比表面积和水解后的亲水基团使得材料具备了极高的吸水速率，因此吸水层可起到快速俘获液体、临时储存液体的作用，避免尿液在表面富集导致婴儿裆部潮湿带来不适。
另外，步骤2.3中关于氢氧化钠溶液浓度的水解温度和时间的要求能达到如下好处：若水解温度过高、浓度过大或水解时间过长，会使纳米纤维水解严重导致纤维膜力学性能急剧下降，无法满足加工使用要求，若溶液温度过低、浓度过低或水解时间过短，会导致纳米纤维水解程度不足，亲水基团含量较低且无法形成理想中的部分膨胀结构，导致吸水速率和保水能力均无法实现尿液在导流层的快速吸附来保证表层的干爽舒适。
优选地，所述阻尼层包括PVDF，所述阻尼层的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(3.1)将至少两个不同重量份数的PVDF分别对应溶于DMAC溶液中，且向前述溶液中均加入LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到至少两种纺丝液；
(3.2)将各纺丝液分别置于一个供液筒中，分别由高压电场激发，对应各供液筒的激发正压不同，无纺布依次经过各供液筒的激发射流路线，得到所述阻尼层。如此制备得到的阻尼层为纤维直径和孔隙率呈梯度分布的纳米纤维膜，利用材料本身具备的疏水性和纳米纤维随机堆叠产生的弯曲通孔带来的毛细作用作为阻尼层，逐步降低液体下渗速度，起到对尿液横向扩散导流的作用，使尿液在抵达芯层之前分布更加均匀，解决了现有尿不湿产品真实利用率不高的问题，将产品芯层整体的吸液能力均匀地利用起来，有效降低更换频率；同时最下层最细密的PVDF纳米纤维膜可有效防止吸收层中溶液的反渗。
在上述阻尼层的制备方案中，优选地，所述步骤(3.1)中：
15份PVDF溶于85份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到PVDF纺丝液记为C溶液；
20份PVDF溶于80份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为D溶液；
25份PVDF溶于75份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为E溶液；
30份PVDF溶于70份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为F溶液；
对应地，所述步骤(3.2)中：
将上述C溶液、D溶液、E溶液和F溶液分别对应加入四个供液筒中，由高压电场激发纳米纤维，激发正压分别为50kv、48kv、45kv和40kv，收集负压为-25kv，无纺布运动过程中依次经过C、D、E、F溶液的激发射流路线，最终得到所述阻尼层。
优选地，所述吸收层包括SAP颗粒和SAF纺丝液，所述吸收层的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将SAF纺丝液以无纺布为接收基底进行静电纺丝，得到SAF纤维层；
(2)将SAP颗粒均匀分散在SAF纤维层上；
(3)将步骤(2)中分散有SAP颗粒的纤维层作为接收基底，SAF纺丝液被激发继续静电纺丝形成纳米纤维层；所述步骤(2)和步骤(3)交替进行至少一次。如此吸收层采用高吸水树脂(SAP)配合静电纺丝法制备的高吸水纳米纤维(SAF)层层相互堆叠后压制而成，SAF良好的亲水性和高比表面积可有效提升吸收层整体的吸液速率，SAP则提供了更高的吸水率，使得组合吸收层兼具了高吸液速率和高吸水率。相较绒毛浆与SAP复合基底，该发明使用的基底由于SAF的长纳米纤维相互交联缠结的结构，为基底提供了良好的力学性能支持，吸收尿液后也不易出现起坨断层的问题，产品使用稳定性更佳；相较蓬松棉与SAP组合芯体，该发明使用的基底由于SAF超高的比表面积和亲水性，吸液速率有显著提升。
优选地，所述SAP颗粒和SAF纤维层单位吸收层面积克重配比为10：1～80：1，即指一层SAF纤维层与其上分散的SAP颗粒的配比，配比过低会导致尿不湿整体吸液量不足，而质量配比过高会使得吸收层吸液速率较普通吸收层提升不足，且依旧易发生吸液后起坨断层的问题。
为实现SAP与SAF更好的结合，SAP颗粒大小为0.5～5mm，若SAP颗粒过小，则其尖端放电牵引SAF堆积的能力不足，会导致SAF只是均匀的分布在基材表面，与SAP接触面积较小，降低SAP在实际应用中的吸液速率，当SAP颗粒适中时，SAF纳米纤维在飞行过程中易被SAP尖端放电所牵引，部分纤维会搭接在SAP颗粒的侧表甚至在SAP上发生堆叠，极大提升了SAF与SAP的接触面积，当尿液被芯层吸收过程中，SAF不仅可以起到吸收部分液体的作用，还可以利用本身的毛细作用为SAP带去更多液体，提升SAP在实际应用中的吸液速度；但SAP颗粒过大，则会导致其比表面积过小，进而导致吸液速率降低，且过大颗粒易导致起坨断层现象。
优选地，所述SAF纺丝液的制备方法为：丙烯酸在冰水浴中与氢氧化钠溶液部分中和后，在室温下与丙烯酰胺单体混合均匀得到单体溶液，再将聚乙烯醇溶液与单体溶液在35℃～45℃恒温水浴中氮气保护下机械搅拌半小时，随后缓慢升温至50℃～55℃时加入引发剂过硫酸钾溶液，然后继续升温至65℃～75℃反应1～1.5h，随后升温至75℃～85℃反应1～1.5h，停止加热继续搅拌降温至50℃～60℃，加入交联剂戊二醛溶液，得到SAF纺丝液。
优选地，所述底层的制备方法包括如下步骤：将PVDF溶于DMAC中，然后加入LiCl，50～80℃加热并机械搅拌得到纺丝液G，以无纺布为接收基底，对PAN纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层，该纳米纤维层和无纺布共同构成所述底层。PVDF膜作为防水透湿膜可防止漏尿。
为有效避免婴儿受蚊虫困扰，所述纺丝液G中还添加有驱蚊醇。
在上述方案中，PVDF与驱蚊醇的质量之比为10:1～50:1，驱蚊醇含量过低则驱蚊效果不足，含量过高会影响纺丝的均匀性和稳定性；纳米纤维层的克重也存在最优区间为0.5～3g/m2，克重过低则存在漏液的风险，克重过高则会导致纳米纤维膜过于致密，影响底层透气性能。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点：1、本发明的卫生用品的各层均包括通过静电纺丝方法制备而成的纳米纤维层，纳米纤维结构的透气性良好，避免婴儿处于潮湿闷热的环境下；2、导流层中包含有阻尼层，阻尼层使尿液在被吸收层吸附前能扩散分散开，避免尿液被集中吸附在某一区域，提升产品的使用率，减少卫生用品的更换次数。
附图说明
图1为本实施例1的尿不湿的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
如图1所示，本优选实施例的卫生护理用品包括依次叠置的表层1、导流层、吸收层2、底层3，表层1能够亲液透液，吸收层2能够吸水，导流层包括叠置的吸水层4和阻尼层5，阻尼层5能降低液体的渗漏速度，吸水层4贴着表层1设置以进行吸水，阻尼层5贴着吸收层2设置，底层3能够防漏，表层1、导流层、吸收层2、底层3均包括通过静电纺丝制成的纳米纤维层。
表层1、导流层、吸收层2、底层3的通过静电纺丝的制备方法如下：
表层1包括聚乙烯醇和甲壳素，表层1的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1.1)将1份甲壳素溶于99份质量分数为2％的乙酸溶液中，室温搅拌12h后得到溶液A；
(1.2)将7份聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶于质量分数为2％的乙酸溶液中，90℃搅拌2h后得到溶液B；该步骤中申请人也做过在50℃和70℃对溶液加热的实验，但是90℃时PVA的溶解效果最好。
(1.3)将溶液A和溶液B以3：7的质量比混合均匀后得到表层纺丝液，以无纺布为接收基底，对表层纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层，该纳米纤维层和无纺布共同构成所述表层1，静电纺丝设备的激发正电压为30kv，收集负电压为-10kv，制得的表层1的纤维直径分布区间较窄为200-300nm，抑菌效果好。
吸水层4包括PAN，吸水层4的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(2.1)将20份PAN溶于80份DAMC中，然后加入1份LiCl，80℃水浴加热并机械搅拌4h后得到PAN纺丝液；该步骤中申请人也做过在50℃和70℃对溶液加热的实验，但是80℃时PAN的溶解效果最好。
(2.2)以无纺布为接收基底，对PAN纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层，静电纺丝设备的激发正电压为50kv，收集负电压为-20kv；
(2.3)将1份步骤(2.2)中堆积有纳米纤维层的无纺布置于50份浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，80℃条件下水解3h，水解后利用弱酸性溶液(PH为3-5的乙酸溶液)进行洗涤，再利用蒸馏水漂洗，直至其浸出液的PH值在7左右，再利用乙醇脱水，进一步真空烘干得到所述吸水层4，制得的吸水层4呈橙色，吸水速率为110g/(g·min)，吸水率为30倍。最终制得的吸水层4纤维直径为400-500nm。
阻尼层5包括PVDF，阻尼层5的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(3.1)将四个不同重量份数的PVDF分别对应溶于四个DMAC溶液中，且向前述溶液中均加入LiCl，在80℃下加热并搅拌均匀后分别得到四种纺丝液，具体为：
15份PVDF溶于85份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在80℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到PVDF纺丝液记为C溶液；
20份PVDF溶于80份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在80℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为D溶液；
25份PVDF溶于75份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在80℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为E溶液；
30份PVDF溶于70份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在80℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为F溶液；
(3.2)将各纺丝液分别置于一个供液筒中，由高压电场激发分别制成纳米纤维，对应各供液筒的激发正压不同，无纺布依次经过各供液筒的激发射流路线，得到阻尼层5，具体为：
将上述C溶液、D溶液、E溶液和F溶液分别对应加入四个供液筒中，由高压电场激发，激发正压分别为50kv、48kv、45kv和40kv，收集负压均为-25kv，无纺布运动过程中依次经过C、D、E、F溶液的激发射流路线，最终得到阻尼层5。四个供液筒制得的纳米纤维层的直径分别分布在70-170nm、220-350nm、380-530nm、620-800nm。
吸水层4和阻尼层5通过超声波热焊接在一起，避免引入热熔胶，具体的焊接工艺为：超声波点焊输出功率为1500w，振动频率15khz，点焊时间0.3s，焊点大小2mm，焊点密度2000个/m2。
吸收层2包括SAP颗粒和SAF纺丝液，吸收层2的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将SAF纺丝液以无纺布为接收基底进行静电纺丝，得到SAF纤维层；
SAF纺丝液的制备方法如下：32份丙烯酸在冰水浴中与含有21份氢氧化钠的水溶液部分中和后，在室温下与11份丙烯酰胺单体混合均匀得到单体溶液，再将聚乙烯醇溶液(含9份聚乙烯醇和85份去离子水)与单体溶液在40℃恒温水浴中氮气保护机械搅拌半小时，随后缓慢升温至55℃时加入引发剂过硫酸钾(1份过硫酸钾和15份去离子水)溶液，然后继续升温至70℃反应1-1.5h，随后升温至80℃反应1-1.5h，停止加热后继续搅拌降温至60℃，然后加入交联剂戊二醛溶液(含0.7份戊二醛和20份去离子水)，得到SAF纺丝液。最终制得的SAF纤维层的直径800-980nm。
SAF纺丝液的静电纺丝方法为：静电纺丝设备的激发正电压为50kv，收集负电压为-20kv。
(2)将SAP颗粒均匀分散在SAF纤维层上；
(3)将步骤(2)中分散有SAP颗粒的纤维层作为接收基底，SAF纺丝液继续被激发进行静电纺丝；
上述步骤(2)和步骤(3)交替进行多次从而使得SAP颗粒和SAF纤维层层层相互堆叠，直至达到吸收层2所需的厚度；SAP颗粒与SAF纤维层单位吸收层面积的克重配比为65:1，SAP颗粒大小选用2mm，最后采用热压工艺(热压时，压强为0.3MPa，温度为110℃，热压时间3s)即可制备得到吸收层2，吸水率为307倍，吸水速率为96g/(g·min)。
吸收层2吸水率测试方法为：
取一定量的吸收层2装进滤袋中，浸入纯水或盐水(0.9wt％氯化钠水溶液)中，室温下吸水2h后，将滤袋取出悬挂约10min直至不再滴水后，称量吸水层4吸水后的重量，吸水率用公式1-1计算：
Q(g/g)＝吸水质量/吸收层2质量＝(W2-W1)/W1 (1-1)
其中：
Q(g/g)——吸水率，Qw代表吸纯水率，Qs代表吸盐水率；
W1——吸水前吸收层2的质量；
W2——吸纯水(或盐水)后吸收层2的质量。
吸水速率测试方法
取一定量的吸收层2装进滤袋中，浸入纯水或盐水(0.9wt％氯化钠水溶液)中，每隔5min取出滤袋悬挂至不再滴水(约10min)，称量吸收层2总重，吸水速率用公式1-2计算：
R(g/(g·min))＝(Wn–Wn-5)/W0/t (1-2)
其中：
R——吸水速率，Rw代表吸纯水速率，Rs代表吸盐水率；
Wn——吸水n min后吸收层2的重量；
Wn-5——吸水n-5min后吸收层2的重量；
W0——吸水前吸收层2的重量；
t——吸水前后时间间隔，取5min。
关于SAP颗粒与SAF纤维层单位吸收层2面积的克重配比，申请人在实验中也尝试过SAP和SAF的质量配比为10：1、30:1和80：1的比例，最终实验证明二者的配比在65:1时效果最好；SAP颗粒在实验过程中也选用过0.5mm和5mm，但是SAP颗粒粒径为2mm时效果最佳。
底层3的制备方法包括如下步骤：将20份PVDF溶于78份DMAC中，然后加入2份驱蚊醇和1份LiCl，80℃水浴加热机械搅拌后得到纺丝液G，将纺丝液G以ES无纺布为接收基底由高压电场激发(激发正压为50kv，收集负压为-30kv)，通过控制无纺布运行速度得到克重为2.5g/m2的PVDF掺杂驱蚊醇纳米纤维膜，兼具良好的透气性和防渗透性。最终制得的底层3直径200-300nm。
该步骤中申请人也做过在50℃和70℃对溶液加热的实验，但是80℃时PVDF的溶解效果最好。
上述表层1、导流层、吸收层2、底层3通过热轧复合和印花处理后固定在一起，添加弹性线、两侧贴布最终制得纳米纤维尿不湿；各层纳米纤维产品经后处理后有机溶剂残留检测均小于1ppm。
卫生用品可以为尿不湿、纸尿裤、卫生巾等。
上文中PAN和PVDF购自阿科玛公司；SAP购自巴斯夫；LiCl和甲壳素购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司；PVA购自上海石化股份有限公司；SAF静电纺丝液制备参考了《高吸水纤维的制备与研究》,徐国栋,天津工业大学。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于：
本实施例仅制备表层1，表层1的制备方法中步骤(3.1)中溶液A和溶液B的质量比不同，其他可参考实施例1。
本实施例中，溶液A与溶液B以2:8的比例混合搅拌均匀后得到的表层1纺丝液，在相同的制备条件下，得到的纤维产物直径分布在140-230nm之间，但抑菌效果不明显。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别在于：
本实施例仅制备表层1，表层1的制备方法中步骤(3.1)中溶液A和溶液B的质量比不同，其他可参考实施例1。
本实施例中，溶液A与溶液B以4:6的比例混合搅拌均匀后得到的表层1纺丝液，在相同的制备条件下，得到的纤维产物直径分布在220-700nm之间，分布较宽且纺丝稳定性相对较差，同时原料成本也显著提升。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的区别在于：
本实施例仅制备吸水层4，吸水层4制备方法中步骤(2.3)的制备方法不同，其他可参考实施例1：
本实施例中，(2.3)将1份PAN纳米纤维膜置于50份浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，40℃条件下水解3h，水解后利用弱酸性溶液进行洗涤，再利用蒸馏水漂洗，直至其浸出液的PH值在7左右，再利用乙醇脱水，进一步真空烘干得到所述吸水层4，制得的吸水层4呈浅黄色，吸水速率为50g/(g·min)，吸水率为8倍。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1的区别在于：
本实施例仅制备吸水层4，吸水层4制备方法中步骤(2.3)的制备方法不同，其他可参考实施例1：
本实施例中，(2.3)将1份PAN纳米纤维膜置于50份浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，40℃条件下水解3h，水解后利用弱酸性溶液进行洗涤，再利用蒸馏水漂洗，直至其浸出液的PH值在7左右，再利用乙醇脱水，进一步真空烘干得到所述吸水层4，制得的吸水层4呈棕红色，此时吸水层4已基本丧失可加工性，无法满足使用要求。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1的区别在于：
本实施例仅制备阻尼层5，阻尼层5制备方法不同，其他可参考实施例1：
本实施例中，以15份PVDF溶于85份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，80℃水浴加热机械搅拌4h后得到PVDF纺丝液，在50kv正压和-25kv负压的条件下进行静电纺丝，制备得到阻尼层5，其直径分布在70-150nm之间，此时由于阻尼层5材料本身具备的疏水性及细纳米纤维随机堆叠产生的弯曲通孔带来的毛细作用过强，导致尿液下渗速度过慢，不利于保持尿不湿表面的高吸液速度及干爽度。
实施例7
实施例7与实施例1的区别在于：
本实施例仅制备阻尼层5，阻尼层5制备方法不同，其他可参考实施例1：
本实施例中，以30份PVDF溶于70份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，80℃水浴加热机械搅拌4h后得到PVDF纺丝液，在40kv正压和-25kv负压的条件下进行静电纺丝，制备得到阻尼层5，其直径分布在620-800nm之间，此时相对稀疏的阻尼层5可能无法抑制吸收层2内尚未吸附完的尿液回流现象。
实施例8
实施例8与实施例1的区别在于：
阻尼层5制备时的温度不同，本实施例中，
(3.1)将四个不同重量份数的PVDF分别对应溶于四个DMAC溶液中，且向前述溶液中均加入LiCl，在50℃下加热并搅拌均匀后分别得到四种纺丝液，具体为：
15份PVDF溶于85份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到PVDF纺丝液记为C溶液；
20份PVDF溶于80份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为D溶液；
25份PVDF溶于75份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为E溶液；
30份PVDF溶于70份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为F溶液。
实施例9
实施例9与实施例1的区别在于：
阻尼层5制备时的温度不同，本实施例中，
(3.1)将四个不同重量份数的PVDF分别对应溶于四个DMAC溶液中，且向前述溶液中均加入LiCl，在70℃下加热并搅拌均匀后分别得到四种纺丝液，具体为：
15份PVDF溶于85份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在70℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到PVDF纺丝液记为C溶液；
20份PVDF溶于80份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在70℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为D溶液；
25份PVDF溶于75份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在70℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为E溶液；
30份PVDF溶于70份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在70℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为F溶液。
上述实施例中涉及到静电纺丝制备方法的，静电纺丝设备包括盛放纺丝液的供液筒(供液筒可以为注射器)和收集器，收集器上覆盖有无纺布作为接收基底，高压电激发供液筒朝向收集器产生稳定的射流，除了对应的激发正压和激发负压不同，静电纺丝的其他参数均相同：供液筒针头端(采用无针静电纺丝技术，是线电极激发端)与收集器的距离为D(30cm)，供液速度为50ml/h，收集基材运行速度为1m/min，纺丝的温度为35℃，湿度为30％。
上述制得的各纳米纤维层的直径通过电镜扫描测量得到。

Claims (12)

1.一种卫生护理用品，包括能够亲液透液的表层(1)、能够吸水的吸收层(2)和能够防漏的底层(3)，所述表层(1)、吸收层(2)、底层(3)依次叠置，其特征在于：所述表层(1)、吸收层(2)、底层(3)均包括通过静电纺丝制成的纳米纤维层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的卫生护理用品，其特征在于：所述表层(1)和吸收层(2)之间还设有通过静电纺丝制成的导流层，所述导流层包括叠置的吸水层(4)和能降低液体渗漏速度的阻尼层(5)，所述吸水层(4)贴着表层(1)设置，所述阻尼层(5)贴着吸收层(2)设置。
3.一种权利要求2所述的卫生护理用品的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表层(1)包括聚乙烯醇和甲壳素，所述表层(1)的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1.1)将甲壳素溶于乙酸溶液中，室温搅拌均匀后得到溶液A；
(1.2)将聚乙烯醇溶于乙酸溶液中，50℃～90℃搅拌均匀后得到溶液B；
(1.3)将溶液A和溶液B以(2～7)：(6～8)的质量比混合均匀后得到表层纺丝液，以无纺布为接收基底，对表层纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层，该纳米纤维层和无纺布共同构成所述表层(1)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述吸水层(4)包括PAN，所述吸水层(4)的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(2.1)将PAN溶于DAMC中，然后加入LiCl，50℃～80℃搅拌均匀得到PAN纺丝液；
(2.2)以无纺布为接收基底，对PAN纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层；
(2.3)将堆积有纳米纤维层的无纺布置于0.1～3mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中，40～90℃条件下水解3～5h，水解后依次经酸洗、水洗至浸出液的PH值接近中性，然后脱水、真空烘干后即得所述吸水层(4)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述阻尼层(5)包括PVDF，所述阻尼层(5)的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(3.1)将不同重量份数的PVDF分别对应溶于DMAC溶液中，且向前述溶液中均加入LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到至少两种纺丝液；
(3.2)将各纺丝液分别置于一个供液筒中，分别由高压电场激发，对应各供液筒的激发正压不同，无纺布依次经过各供液筒的激发射流路线，得到所述阻尼层(5)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3.1)中：
15份PVDF溶于85份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到PVDF纺丝液记为C溶液；
20份PVDF溶于80份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为D溶液；
25份PVDF溶于75份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为E溶液；
30份PVDF溶于70份DMAC中，加入1份LiCl，在50℃～90℃下加热并搅拌均匀后得到纺丝液记为F溶液；
对应地，所述步骤(3.2)中：
将上述C溶液、D溶液、E溶液和F溶液分别对应加入四个供液筒中，由高压电场激发纳米纤维，激发正压分别为50kv、48kv、45kv和40kv，收集负压为-25kv，无纺布运动过程中依次经过C、D、E、F溶液的激发射流路线，最终得到所述阻尼层(5)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述吸收层(2)包括SAP颗粒和SAF纺丝液，所述吸收层(2)的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将SAF纺丝液以无纺布为接收基底进行静电纺丝，得到SAF纤维层；
(2)将SAP颗粒均匀分散在SAF纤维层上；
(3)将步骤(2)中分散有SAP颗粒的纤维层作为接收基底，SAF纺丝液被激发继续静电纺丝形成纳米纤维层；所述步骤(2)和步骤(3)交替进行至少一次。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述SAP颗粒和SAF纤维层单位吸收层(2)面积克重配比为10：1～80：1，SAP颗粒大小为0.5～5mm。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述SAF纺丝液的制备方法为：丙烯酸在冰水浴中与氢氧化钠溶液部分中和后，在室温下与丙烯酰胺单体混合均匀得到单体溶液，再将聚乙烯醇溶液与单体溶液在35℃～45℃恒温水浴中氮气保护下机械搅拌半小时，随后缓慢升温至50℃～55℃时加入引发剂过硫酸钾溶液，然后继续升温至65℃～75℃反应1～1.5h，随后升温至75℃～85℃反应1～1.5h，停止加热继续搅拌降温至50℃～60℃，加入交联剂戊二醛溶液，得到SAF纺丝液。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述底层(3)的制备方法包括如下步骤：将PVDF溶于DMAC中，然后加入LiCl，50～80℃加热并机械搅拌得到纺丝液G，以无纺布为接收基底，对PAN纺丝液进行静电纺丝得到堆积在无纺布表面的纳米纤维层，该纳米纤维层和无纺布共同构成所述底层(3)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述纺丝液G中还添加有驱蚊醇。
12.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PVDF与驱蚊醇的质量之比为10:1～50:1；所述纳米纤维层的克重为0.5～3g/m2。
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