CN114794095B - Protective agent for pruning saw cuts of fruit tree branches and application thereof - Google Patents

Protective agent for pruning saw cuts of fruit tree branches and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114794095B
CN114794095B CN202210545388.8A CN202210545388A CN114794095B CN 114794095 B CN114794095 B CN 114794095B CN 202210545388 A CN202210545388 A CN 202210545388A CN 114794095 B CN114794095 B CN 114794095B
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agent
pruning
kerf
fruit tree
protective agent
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CN114794095A (en
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练森
李保华
刘萌萌
董向丽
刘娜
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a protective agent for pruning and sawing edges of fruit tree branches and the application thereof, wherein the protective agent for pruning and sawing edges of fruit tree branches comprises an agent A serving as a bactericide, an agent B for promoting the healing of pruning and sawing edges and an agent C serving as a matrix, wherein the agent A is triazole bactericides or methoxy acrylic acid ester bactericides; the agent B is one or two selected from naphthalene acetic acid and 28-surface high brassinolide; the agent C is water-based polyurethane paint. The application is the application of the fruit tree branch pruning saw kerf protective agent in promoting pruning saw kerf healing and preventing and treating branch diseases. The pruning saw mouth protective agent promotes the pruning saw mouth to heal fast, has good adhesiveness on the pruning saw mouth, strong windshield wiper resistance, good control effect on the pathogenic bacteria of the branches on the pruning saw mouth of the fruit tree branches, excellent comprehensive performance, good toughness and ductility of a white protective film layer formed on the pruning saw mouth of the fruit tree, strong rain erosion resistance, capability of being attached to the pruning saw mouth for more than one year, and capability of greatly prolonging the lasting period of the protective agent and reducing the use frequency and the use cost of the protective agent.

Description

Protective agent for pruning saw cuts of fruit tree branches and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural bactericides, in particular to a protective agent for pruning saw cuts of fruit tree branches and the application thereof.
Background
Fruit tree pruning is a necessary management measure for maintaining yield and quality in production, and pruning saw cuts caused by pruning are important invasion sites for fruit tree branch diseases. The branch diseases are important diseases threatening to fruit trees, such as apple rot, ring spot, anthracnose of various fruit trees, and the like, can cause dead branches and dead trees, and have serious health hazard to the fruit trees. The protection of the cut is an effective control measure for controlling the diseases of the fruit tree trunk, and has been widely used in production.
At present, various measures are adopted in production, such as binding by a plastic film after coating with mud, boerdosol or bactericide; or asphalt, paint or commercial fruit tree wound healing agents are used. However, the existing kerf protection measures are not ideal, the healing agent is short in kerf attachment time, and effective protection cannot be carried out before wound healing; some commercial healing agents have poor ductility, break and fall off along with the healing of wounds, and have unsatisfactory prevention and treatment effects on branch diseases due to the fact that the healing agents do not contain bactericides. Therefore, promoting the healing of the cut and preventing the infection of the branch diseases from the cut and the saw cut is the development direction of the protective agent for the cut and the saw cut of the fruit tree branches.
Accordingly, there is a need for further improvements in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of poor disease control effect, poor adhesion of the existing medicament on the cut and the saw mouth, early falling and slow healing promotion of the existing medicament in the prior control measures, the invention provides a novel fruit tree branch cut and saw mouth protective agent and application thereof.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a protective agent for pruning and sawing openings of fruit tree branches, which comprises an agent A serving as a bactericide, an agent B for promoting healing of pruning and sawing openings and an agent C serving as a matrix, wherein the agent A is triazole bactericide or methoxy acrylic acid ester bactericide and has a control effect on pathogenic bacteria of the fruit tree branches at the pruning and sawing openings; the agent B is one or two selected from naphthalene acetic acid and 28-epibrassinolide, and is plant growth hormone for promoting healing of fruit tree saw cuts; the agent C is water-based polyurethane paint.
The agent A is a bactericide which has special effects on preventing and controlling pathogenic bacteria of ascomycota, basidiomycota and fungi imperfecti by triazole and methoxy acrylic acid ester. Preferably, the agent A is triazole fungicide or methoxy acrylic acid ester original drug or preparation, and the preparation is emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, suspending agent or water dispersible granule. Experiments prove that the content of the active ingredient of the bactericide A in the kerf protecting agent is 2-4 g/L, and the kerf protecting agent has the best effect of protecting the kerf under the dose, and does not cause waste of raw materials.
Specifically, the A agent comprises carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin or difenoconazole, and the germicides have broad spectrum and have systemic and protective effects. Preferably, the agent A is carbendazim or pyraclostrobin original drug or preparation. Experiments prove that the shearing and sawing mouth protecting agent prepared by the two agents A has excellent control effects on fruit tree ring rot and rot, and especially has better control effects on rot.
The agent B is selected from various plant growth hormones based on the scheme of the application, and is naphthylacetic acid, 28-epibrassinolide or a combination of the two. The naphthylacetic acid is alpha naphthylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C 12 H 10 O 2 The molecular weight is 186.2, the English name is 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA is short for short, and the molecular weight is an organic compound with stable property. Naphthalene acetic acid is a growth regulator of auxin activity, and can promote plant growth through root, stem and leaf absorption. And 28-high brassinolide, english name 22(s), 23(s) -homobrasassinolide, molecular formula is C 29 H 50 O 6 The molecular weight is 494.7. 28-epibrassinolide is a novel green and environment-friendly plant growth regulator, and can promote plant cell elongation, cell division and cell growth at a certain concentration.
Preferably, the agent B is a combination of naphthalene acetic acid and 28-epi-high brassinolide. Experiments prove that the combination of the naphthalene acetic acid and the 28-surface high brassinolide is used in the shear kerf protective agent, so that the dead degree and the dead length of the shear kerf can be obviously improved.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the active ingredients of the fruit tree branch pruning saw cut protective agent, the naphthylacetic acid and the 28-epi-homobrassinolide is (5-0.2): 1. within the range of the ratio, the two components exert synergistic interaction and fully exert the activity. Further preferably, the mass ratio of the active ingredients of the naphthalene acetic acid and the 28-epi-high brassinolide is 2:1.
optionally, the dosage of the pruning and sawing port protecting agent for the branches and the trunks of the fruit trees is 10-40 mg/L, and the use concentration of the 28-surface high brassinolide is 0.04-4 mg/L. In the dosage range, the naphthylacetic acid and the 28-epi-high brassinolide can effectively promote the healing of cut and saw cuts, and have no side effect on fruit trees.
The agent C is water-based polyurethane paint. Experiments find that the water-based polyurethane coating has the best adhesion performance and waterproof performance compared with other coatings of other types, and is an environment-friendly high-molecular polymer elastic waterproof material. The water-based polyurethane coating can be well attached to the cut and sawn mouth of the fruit tree, and is not easy to break and fall off along with the healing of the cut and sawn mouth and the sun and rain. The mixed bactericide and plant growth hormone can protect the kerf and promote the healing of the kerf in the aqueous polyurethane coating for a long time.
Overall, the aqueous polyurethane material has the following advantages: (1) Has strong adhesion to the surface of an object, strong toughness, high strength, high elongation and good elasticity, can withstand the irradiation of sunlight for a long time, and does not heal, break and fall off along with the growth of a shear saw cut. (2) The chemical property is stable, a tough seamless integral anti-film is formed on the surface of the shear kerf, and the film is nontoxic after solidification, soft, elastic, water-proof and mechanical properties are good. (3) The plant growth hormone and the bactericide in the scheme of the invention do not react chemically, so that the activity of each component is stable.
Preferably, white water-based polyurethane material is selected, white can reflect sunlight greatly, avoid burning saw cuts caused by temperature rise due to sunlight absorption, and reduce the activity of hormone and bactericide. The white water-based polyurethane material not only can protect the kerf, reduce the water loss, attach and protect the added plant growth hormone and bactericide, so that the active ingredients are slowly released at the kerf position, and the duration of the active ingredients is prolonged.
In summary, the bactericide and two plant growth hormones are mixed with the aqueous polyurethane material, and a protective film can be formed after the mixture is smeared on the cut and sawn mouth of the fruit tree, so that the growth hormone and the bactericide are slowly released while the cut and sawn mouth are protected from being digested due to ultraviolet irradiation and rain water flushing, thereby promoting the healing of the cut and sawn mouth of the fruit tree and preventing invasion of pathogenic bacteria of the branch diseases.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the protective agent for pruning and sawing cuts of fruit trees, which comprises the following steps: mixing the components in the pruning and sawing port protecting agent for fruit tree branch to make the content of agent A reach 2-4 g/L and the content of agent B reach 0.04-40 mg/L, mixing agent A and agent B into pure agent C, and making into the pruning and sawing port protecting agent. Can directly coat the fruit tree saw cut by using a hairbrush, does not need to be diluted by adding water or other substances, and is convenient to use.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the pruning saw cut protective agent in promoting healing of pruning saw cuts of fruit trees and preventing and controlling branch diseases.
Preferably, the fruit tree comprises: apples, pears (e.g., golden pears), cherries (e.g., morning glory). Wherein the apple comprises Fuji, gala, venus gold, aztec, tianwang and other varieties.
Preferably, the fruit tree branch diseases comprise apple rot, ring rot and fruit tree anthracnose.
The protective agent for pruning and sawing the fruit tree branches has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cut saw protective agent has the advantages of high wound healing speed, good adhesiveness on cut saw cuts, strong windshield wiper resistance, good prevention and control effect on pathogenic bacteria of the branches on the cut saw cuts of the branches of the fruit trees, and excellent comprehensive performance. Experiments prove that the shear kerf protective agent disclosed by the invention is superior to the existing product in various indexes such as callus speed, control of the colonization rate of mixed bacteria, germination rate, degree of die of shear kerf and the like, and has a good market prospect.
In addition, the white protective film layer formed by the pruning saw port protective agent on the pruning saw port of the fruit tree has strong toughness, high strength, large elongation and good elasticity, can withstand sunlight irradiation for a long time, is resistant to rain wash, does not heal, break or fall off along with the growth of the pruning saw port, can be attached to the pruning saw port for more than one year, greatly prolongs the acting time of the protective agent, and reduces the use frequency and the use cost of the protective agent.
2. The water-based polyurethane material used as a matrix has stable material performance and safe use, can ensure the activity stability of bactericides and plant growth hormone, has a certain disease control effect, and can be synergistic with bactericides; on the other hand, the active ingredients such as bactericide and growth hormone can be adhered to the film formed by the aqueous polyurethane material and protected by the film, and can be prevented from being digested by ultraviolet irradiation and rain water flushing, so that the duration of the bactericidal ingredient and the action time of the active ingredient are greatly prolonged. In addition, the prepared water-based polyurethane material has the advantages of no toxicity and smell, no harm to tree bodies, human bodies and environment, and easy coating or spraying.
3. The shear kerf protective agent has a simple formula and low cost, and is remarkably lower than the price of similar healing agents in the market; the sterilizing agent is convenient to prepare and use, long in sterilizing duration, high in market application value and convenient to popularize and apply on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of applying a fruit tree kerf protecting agent to apple trees for 8 weeks in the middle ten days of 4 months;
fig. 2 shows the results of the 4 matrix material adhesion and water resistance experiments tested.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention. In the present invention, the equipment, materials, etc. used are commercially available or commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The application methods of the bactericides with special effects for controlling pathogenic bacteria of the phylum ascomycota, basidiomycota and fungi imperfecti based on triazole, methoxy acrylic acid esters and the like are the same or similar, and in the specific embodiment, the technical scheme is described by taking carbendazim as a representative.
Example 1
1. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
the embodiment provides a protective agent for pruning saw cuts of fruit trees. In the embodiment, the agent A is 50% carbendazim wettable powder produced by Jiangsu Lanfeng biochemical industry Co., ltd, and the trade name is Dafesheng; the B agent is alpha-naphthylacetic acid with the purity of 97% produced by Beijing Soy Bao technology Co., ltd. And 28-epibrassinolide produced by Yunnan cloud large technology agro-chemical Co., ltd., the effective component is 0.004% aqua, and the mass ratio of the two growth hormone effective components is 5:1, namely 1000g of 28-surface high brassin aqua with the active ingredient of 0.004 percent is added with 0.2g of 97 percent alpha-naphthylacetic acid, and evenly mixed; the agent C is polyurethane waterproof paint produced by Shanghai arid dragon industry company. The weight of the A agent, the B agent and the C agent is 1:20:200 by mass ratio. The preparation method of the shear kerf protective agent comprises the following steps: and adding the agent A and the agent B into the agent C, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the finished product of the shearing and sawing mouth protecting agent. The kerf protecting agent is prepared before use and is used up within a week after being prepared.
And in the last ten days of 4 months, the prepared kerf protecting agent is smeared on the trimmed kerf of the apple tree.
In the fruit tree kerf protecting agent prepared in the embodiment, the concentration of the active ingredient of the agent A is 2.5g/L, B agent, the concentration of the active ingredient of the agent A is 24mg/L, and the agent C is pure polyurethane waterproof paint.
2. Experimental results and analysis
As shown in fig. 1, the kerf protectant forms a white medicament film layer on the kerf, the white film layer is resistant to rain wash and sunlight irradiation, and after being smeared for 8 weeks, namely, in the last ten days of 6 months of the year, the white film layer still adheres to the kerf, the kerf has completely healed, and the white film layer has no cracks.
Example two
1. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
in order to screen substrates suitable for use in kerf protectants, the following experiments were performed:
the adhesion performance and water resistance experiments are carried out on 4 different matrix materials, namely polyurethane waterproof paint produced by Shanghai arid Dragon industry company, emulsified asphalt produced by He-channel red sun anticorrosive material Co., ltd., new Shishili interior wall matte emulsion paint produced by Libang paint Co., ltd., and 'beautiful pile' pole coating agent matrix produced by agricultural technology Co., ltd., in Qingdao. The specific method comprises the following steps: the 4 materials are uniformly coated on a glass slide by a brush, are placed in water for soaking for 1 week after being dried, and are inspected for the adhesion condition of the four matrixes.
2. Experimental results and analysis
As shown in FIG. 2, after soaking for one week, the Zhongdao 'Liangzhan' falls off in a large area on the slide, and the adhesiveness is the worst; after 1 week of immersion, the emulsion paint forms fine cracks on the surface of the glass slide, which shows that the adhesion is still good, but the ductility is poor; the adhesion property and water resistance of the polyurethane waterproof paint and emulsified asphalt are optimal, and the coating formed on the glass slide of the two substrates does not fall off or form cracks.
Considering that the black material absorbs light and can cause wound burn under the conditions of high temperature and strong illumination, the polyurethane waterproof coating with weak light absorption performance is selected as a matrix of the kerf protective agent.
Example III
1. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
to evaluate the effect of different active ingredients in the protectant on the effect of the kerf protectant, the following experiments were performed:
(1) The experiment was conducted with 8 kerf protecting agents, and the formulation of each group of kerf protecting agents is shown in Table 1 below. Wherein, in each group of protective agents, the mass ratio of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to aqueous polyurethane material is unified as 1:200.
table 1 protective agent formulations of different groups
(2) In 4 months, the 8 kinds of saw cut protective agents with different formulas are respectively coated on the saw cuts of apple tree branches for testing. Potted apple trees with the same size and growth vigor are selected in a test garden, 5 branches with the same thickness (0.5-0.8 cm) are selected for each tree, the branches are sheared off at the position about 10mm away from the base part, a shearing and sawing port is formed, and a shearing and sawing port treating agent is immediately coated, so that the whole shearing and sawing port is covered by the treating agent. Control (CK) treatment, no treatment was performed after kerf formation. After the kerf 42d was treated, the rate of healing of the kerf, the rate of colonization by the mixed bacteria, the germination rate, the degree of dead, and the length of dead were examined and recorded for different experimental groups, and screening for kerf protectants was performed using the same as a standard.
The wound healing speed is divided into the following 3 stages: level 0: no visible callus was left on the scissors; stage 1: visible callus is arranged on the scissors mouth; 2 stages: obvious callus is arranged on the scissors mouth.
Callus rate index = Σ (number of rate cuts at each stage x number of steps)/(total number of cuts x highest number of steps).
The colonization rate of the mixed bacteria is the percentage of the total cut saw mouth of the cut coated layer surface with black or gray black mould spots in each treatment.
The germination rate is 42d, and the number of the saw cuts generating new buds in 10mm below each treatment cut accounts for the percentage of the total cuts.
The degree of cut wither is classified into 3 grades: grade 0, the cut grows normally, and no wilting or necrosis is caused due to water loss; stage 1, the cut shows wilting due to water loss; grade 2, there is water loss on the scissors mouth, and the tissue is necrotic in black brown.
The wither index is =Σ (number of wither kerfs at each stage×number of steps)/(total number of kerfs×highest number of steps). The dead length is the maximum length of wilting or dead cortex under the cut.
2. Experimental results and analysis
Table 2 evaluation of the effect of eight kerf protecting agents on the kerf protection of apple trees
The results in Table 2 show that 8 types of kerf protective agents have no obvious effect on the healing speed of the kerf, the healing speed indexes are all above 0.91, and the 8 types of kerf protective agents improve the germination rate of bud eyes near the kerf and reduce the colonization rate of mixed bacteria at the kerf.
The inhibition of the kerf protecting agent added with carbendazim to the colonization of the mixed bacteria is superior to the treatment with the aqueous polyurethane material (F1) only; only naphthylacetic acid or naphthylacetic acid and 28-epibrassinolide 2 hormones have no obvious influence on the colonisation rate of mixed bacteria.
The addition of naphthalene acetic acid or mixtures of naphthalene acetic acid and 28-gage brassinolide significantly improved the degree and length of die of the kerf, especially the treatment (F6, F7, F8) with 2 growth hormones (naphthalene acetic acid, 28-gage brassinolide) was significantly better than the treatment with agents with or without naphthalene acetic acid (F3, F4, F5) alone or with no hormones (F1, F2) in improving the degree and length of die of the kerf.
And (3) combining the indexes, determining F6 as an optimal combination of test formulas, wherein the optimal formula of the shear kerf protective agent consists of the following components: the water-based polyurethane material is used as a matrix, the water-based polyurethane material contains carbendazim, naphthylacetic acid with the content of 20mg/L and 28-epibrassinolide with the content of 4mg/L, wherein the weight ratio of the effective components of the wettable powder of the carbendazim to the water-based polyurethane material is 1:400, namely the concentration of the active ingredients of the carbendazim in the matrix is 2.5g/L.
Example IV
To evaluate the protective effect of different germicides and matrix combinations on fruit tree kerfs, the following experiments were performed:
1. the experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) In this example, the bactericide was selected from 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate (trade name: karun, manufactured by Basv Co., ltd.) and 50% carbendazim wettable powder (trade name: dafesheng, manufactured by Jiangsu Lanfeng Biochemical Co., ltd.).
(2) Pyraclostrobin (abbreviated as Pyr hereinafter) and carbendazim (abbreviated as Car hereinafter) were mixed with a polyurethane waterproof paint (abbreviated as WPU hereinafter) (manufactured by Shanghai arid dragon practice company) according to a ratio of 1:200, respectively adding bactericides into polyurethane Waterproof Paint (WPU) according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to prepare 2 test medicaments which are named WPU+pyr and WPU+Car respectively.
(3) Experiments test the prevention and treatment effects of three medicaments (WPU, WPU+pyr and WPU+Car) on two branch diseases (apple ring rot and apple rot) of apple trees in cutting saw cut infection.
The specific method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of cutting branches with the diameter of about 15mm into branch sections with the length of 200mm by using isolated apple branches, and inserting the lower ends of the branch sections into water for moisture preservation. The method comprises the steps of inoculating a cutting kerf at the upper end of an isolated branch section with a colletotrichum or putrescence bacteria conidium by a spraying method, respectively coating test agents on the cutting kerf for inoculating pathogenic bacteria after inoculating for 2-3 d, finishing colonization of the cutting kerf by the pathogenic bacteria after coating the test agents for 7d, separating the pathogenic bacteria by a tissue separation method, cutting off square blocks with 2mm of the surface of the branch from a position 5mm below the coated cutting kerf, and placing the square blocks on a PDA (personal digital assistant) culture medium for culturing, wherein each branch is cultured for 12 blocks. Each treatment tested 5 shoot segments, as control shoots, without any treatment after inoculation with pathogenic bacteria. The effect of the formulation of the agent was evaluated by the agent's rate of eradication of pathogenic bacteria.
Pathogenic agent removal rate= (percentage of tissue mass not isolated to pathogenic agent-percentage of tissue mass not isolated to pathogenic agent control)/(1-percentage of tissue mass not isolated to pathogenic agent control).
2. Experimental results and analysis
Table 3 effects of three formulations on the eradication of apple ring rot and rot
Note that: WPU: polyurethane waterproof paint; wpu+pyr: mixing the polyurethane waterproof paint with pyraclostrobin; wpu+car: the polyurethane waterproof paint is mixed with carbendazim.
The results in table 3 show that: (1) the result of the WPU group shows that the WPU has certain prevention effect on ring rot and rot; (2) the eradicating efficiency of the WPU+Car medicament group (polyurethane waterproof paint mixed with carbendazim) on the ring rot fungi reaches 75.7 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the WPU group and the WPU+pyr group; compared with the WPU group, the effect of WPU+pyr on removing the ring rot fungi is not greatly improved. This demonstrates that carbendazim has the best effect of eradicating ring rot at the kerf of a shear in testing the agent. (3) The WPU+Car group and the WPU+pyr group have higher eradicating rate to the putrescence bacteria, the eradicating efficiency is over 80 percent, and the eradicating rate is obviously higher than the effect of the WPU group, wherein the WPU+Car group has excellent control effect to the putrescence bacteria, which is as high as 96.97 percent. The experiment shows that the two bactericides have obvious effect on protecting the saw cut, and in the application of preventing and treating ring rot and rot bacteria, the two bactericides are preferably carbendazim.
Example five
To evaluate the effect and cost of the kerf protecting agent of the present invention and commercial kerf protecting agents, the following experiments were performed:
1. the experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) The formula of the shear kerf protecting agent comprises the following components: the aqueous polyurethane material+50% carbendazim wettable powder (weight ratio of 1:200) +naphthylacetic acid (content of 20 mg/L) +28-epibrassinolide (content of 4 mg/L) is the formula F6 in the third embodiment. Commercially available kerf protectants for comparison were: the detailed information of the paste, plateau An Yu, ai Tu, artificial bark, green material, shi Ji kinds of kerf protecting agents, the product full names and manufacturers are shown in Table 4.
(2) The 7 different medicaments are respectively coated on the pruning saw cuts of the branches of the apple trees in 4 months. The processing method and evaluation index are the same as in the third embodiment.
2. Experimental results and analysis
(1) From the results shown in Table 4, the shear kerf protecting agent F6 provided by the invention is superior to 6 existing similar products in terms of wound healing speed, control of the colonization rate of mixed bacteria, germination rate, degree of die of shear kerf and the like. Therefore, the comprehensive performance of the shear kerf protecting agent provided by the invention is superior to that of common commercial commercialized similar agents, and the shear kerf protecting agent has a good application prospect.
(2) As can be seen from Table 4, the price of the shear kerf protecting agent provided by the invention is obviously lower than 6 similar agents commercialized in the current market, and the price of the 6 similar agents sold in the market is generally more than 50.0 yuan per kilogram; by calculation, the manufacturing cost of the shear kerf protective agent is 26.1 yuan per kilogram, and compared with the current commercial shear kerf protective agent, the cost is reduced by more than 47.8 percent.
Table 4 test shear kerf protectant and protective effect evaluation
It will be understood that equivalents and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings and concepts, and all such modifications and substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (3)

1. The protective agent for the pruning saw cuts of the apple tree trunks is characterized by comprising an agent A serving as a bactericide, an agent B serving as a matrix and a agent C serving as a matrix; the agent C is polyurethane waterproof paint; the agent A is carbendazim, the agent B is a mixture of naphthylacetic acid and 28-epibrassinolide, the dosage of naphthylacetic acid in the kerf cutting protective agent is 20mg/L, and the use concentration of the 28-epibrassinolide is 4mg/L; the content of the active ingredient of the agent A is 2.5g/L.
2. A method of preparing the apple tree trunk pruning kerf protecting agent according to claim 1, wherein the agent a and the agent B are mixed with the pure agent C to prepare the pruning kerf protecting agent.
3. Use of the apple tree trunk pruning kerf protecting agent according to claim 1 for promoting pruning kerf healing and preventing and treating branch diseases.
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