CN108990590B

CN108990590B - Method for preventing and treating plant dry rot

Info

Publication number: CN108990590B
Application number: CN201810792982.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王群力
Original assignee: Suzhou Fengcai Ecological Technology Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Fengcai Ecological Technology Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-07-18
Filing date: 2018-07-18
Publication date: 2021-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-18
Also published as: CN108990590A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating plant dry rot, which adopts medicament prevention and treatment, and comprises the steps of directly spraying and treating the trunks in the early stage of disease attack or deeply cutting disease spots to xylem and then spraying and treating; and deeply scratching disease spots of the trunk at the later stage of disease attack to xylem and then smearing. The research of the invention finds that the effect of scraping the disease spots or deeply scratching the disease spots to the xylem before preventing and treating is better than that of directly preventing and treating without treating; the tree trunk smearing effect is better than the tree trunk spraying prevention effect. The method of the invention can thoroughly prevent and treat the dry rot of the plants, the dry rot of the plants is not easy to relapse, and the cure rate can reach 100 percent.

Description

Method for preventing and treating plant dry rot

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling plant dry rot.

Background

The main pathogeny of plant dry rot, also called rot and canker, is the fungus of the botrytis represented by weak parasitic bacteria. The trunk of a tree or a shrub young tree such as the acer rubrum, the acer palmatum, the crabapple and the like is mainly harmed by the dry rot of the plant, the dry rot starts to occur at the middle lower part of the trunk, and gradually develops towards the middle upper part and branches of the trunk along with the continuous development of the disease. At the early stage of the disease, yellowish brown, watery, nearly round or irregular spots appeared (fig. 1). As the disease spreads, the spots become black, the bark becomes slightly protruding, and when pressed by fingers, the liquid with foam flows out, and the smell of distiller's grains is generated. The centers of the later stage disease spots are irregularly cracked, and the Chinese ink-like juice flows out from the cracked parts, and the diseased parts have brown colloid in dry weather. The bark is peeled off, and the cortex becomes black and rotten. Because the pathogenic bacteria expand rapidly in the longitudinal direction and slowly in the transverse direction, most of the lesion spots are fusiform or oblong. Pathogenic bacteria continuously invade the xylem to blacken the xylem, which reaches the medulla. The later stage of disease becomes depressed after dehydration and drying, the bark is longitudinally split, and the healing tissue is generated at the juncture of disease and health, which is a remarkable ulcer spot (figure 2). The trees or branches with serious diseases die after the disease spots encircle for one week. In the later stage, there are many black specks (i.e., the fruiting bodies of the germs) on the affected part, and in wet weather, white sporangia are visible at the opening of the ascomycetes.

Studies have shown that the peak release of spores of dry rot disease is in the 5 th month period, where the spores invade from the wound or natural orifice and exhibit significant "latent infestation" after invasion. In winter, pathogenic bacteria overwinter on the xylem of the trunk with mycelium, spores are generated in 4-5 months in the spring of the next year, and the spores are spread by wind and rain, and can be spread in a long distance by the allocation and transportation of propagation materials such as nursery stocks with bacteria and scions. The "latent infestation" of dry rot pathogens and the "overwintering in the tree" nature also mean the limitation of scraping disease spots.

Plant dry rot begins in late 3 months and continues until 11 months. Spring drought, heavy soil, hardening, water accumulation, sunburn, trunk-boring pest damage, wound trimming and the like can all induce the disease. The saplings are seriously ill, extensive in management, bad in growth and serious in disease, and the sunny slope is more serious than the cloudy slope.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling plant dry rot.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preventing and treating plant dry rot adopts chemical control, including direct spray treatment or deep cutting disease spot to xylem and spray treatment to tree trunk at early stage of disease attack; and deeply scratching disease spots of the trunk at the later stage of disease attack to xylem and then smearing.

Wherein, the medicament and the prevention and treatment method used in the prophase of the morbidity are selected from one or more of the following medicaments:

a) 6000 times of flusilazole (such as 40% Dupont Fuxing) solution, spraying on the trunk, and taking dropping liquid as the standard;

b) 10% of difenoconazole 3000-time liquid, spraying the tree trunk, and taking the dropping liquid as the standard;

c) 80% 402 antibacterial agent or 80% ethylicin 500 times liquid, spraying on the trunk, and dropping liquid;

d)1.6 percent of benziothiazolinone 500 times liquid, spraying the trunk, and taking the dropping liquid as the standard;

e) spraying a solution with 10 percent of polyoxin being 1000 times, wherein the dropping liquid is standard;

the medicament and the control method used in the later period of the disease attack are selected from one or more of the following medicaments:

f) 10% polyoxin 200 times liquid and flusilazole (such as 40% Dupont fosfomycin) 500 times liquid are compounded (preferably with equal volume), lesion spots are deeply scratched to xylem, and liquid medicine is smeared;

g) 10% of difenoconazole 300-time liquid, deeply scratching disease spots to xylem, and smearing liquid medicine;

h) 80% 402 antibacterial agent or 80% ethylicin 200 times liquid, deeply scratching disease spots to xylem, and smearing liquid medicine;

i) 3% thiophanate-methyl (such as Shanggangjin branch) 500g + 40% Dupont fuxing 3g are compounded, disease spots are deeply scratched to xylem, and liquid medicine is smeared;

j) 1.6% benziothiazolinone 50 times liquid, deeply cutting the lesion to xylem, and smearing the liquid medicine.

The early stage of the disease (also called early stage of the disease) refers to the period when the trunk just begins to appear yellow brown, water stain, nearly round or irregular disease spots.

The later stage of the disease is that the center of a disease spot is irregularly cracked, and ink-like juice flows out from the cracked position; when the disease part has brown colloid in dry weather; at this stage, the bark was peeled open and the cortex darkened and decayed.

The plants mainly refer to arbors (large arbors), small arbors and shrubs, and include arbors such as the acer rubrum and the acer palmatum of the Acer genus, shrubs or small arbors such as apples, crabapples, cherry blossoms and pawpaw of the Rosaceae family. Experiments prove that the method has better control effect on the red maple, the acer palmatum and the crabapple, and particularly has the best control effect on the red maple.

The research of the invention finds that the effect of scraping the disease spots or deeply scratching the disease spots to the xylem before preventing and treating is better than that of directly preventing and treating without treating; the tree trunk smearing effect is better than the tree trunk spraying prevention effect.

Furthermore, in order to avoid the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria caused by the repeated use of the drug (bactericide), the treatment modes in the early period and the later period of the disease and the used drug (bactericide) should be alternately used for comprehensive prevention and treatment.

Preferably, the medicament and the control method used in the later period of the onset of the disease optionally comprise one or more of the following:

Researches find that the three control methods of f), i) and j) are adopted to achieve the best control effect on plant species (especially autumn red maples) in the later period of disease attack, and the results of the current year are as follows: results in the second year after the test: results in the third year after the test: the lesion spots are not enlarged or deepened; eliminating the disease spots; no new lesion is found.

In addition, in view of the operability in production and the cost of prevention and treatment, prevention and treatment should be mainly performed, and early treatment should be found early. The tree trunk is directly sprayed or the xylem of the scab is deeply scratched in the early stage of the disease attack, and the scab is deeply scratched and then smeared in the later stage of the disease attack.

Further, in order to reduce the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, the control of stem borers such as longicorn and the like is well done, and the stems are whitered in winter (the conventional method in the field is adopted to prevent frost damage and sunburn); and/or, for larger trim cuts, trim and apply paint or healing agents in a timely manner.

Furthermore, in order to improve the growth environment of the nursery stocks, water and fertilizer management is well done, water is drained in time in rainy season, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the tree body is improved.

Further, aiming at the problems that the later prevention and control of the dry rot is difficult, the cost is high, and the attractiveness of the tree body is influenced, regular prevention (spraying of 80% mancozeb 800 times liquid) and early prevention and control are required.

The regular prevention is that 80% mancozeb 800-fold liquid is sprayed every 15 days (for example, 10-15 days) in rainy season; spraying is preferably continued 2 times.

The rainy season is a general term in the field and refers to a season with relatively concentrated rainfall in one year, namely a wet rainy season with relatively concentrated rainfall in each year. In China, the rainy season is 4-9 months in the south and 6-9 months in the north.

If no special indication is provided, the spraying and spraying of the invention have basically the same meaning; all can be applied to the dropping liquid.

The starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by methods conventional in the art.

On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined with each other to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.

Has the advantages that: the method of the invention can thoroughly prevent and treat the plant dry rot (especially autumn red maple), the plant dry rot is not easy to relapse, and the cure rate can reach 100%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the disease spots of autumn red maple at the early and later stages of the dry rot disease.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.

Experimental example 1

The experimental site: suzhou (maple color headquarters). The experimental tree species is autumn red maple.

Selecting autumn red maples in the early stage of the dry rot disease, randomly dividing into 7 groups, and spraying 10 maples in each group on the trunk by using the following medicaments 1, wherein the liquid dropping is standard. The experimental results are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Experimental example 2

The experimental site: nanjing, a kind of high school (maple park). The experimental tree species is autumn red maple.

Selecting autumn red maples in the later stage of dry rot disease onset, randomly dividing into 5 groups, 10 maples in each group, adopting the following medicament 2 to carry out smearing treatment after deep cutting disease spots of the trunk to xylem. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2

The results in Table 2 show that, aiming at the prevention and treatment of the dry rot of the autumn red maple at the later stage of the disease, the mixture ratio of 10 percent polyoxin 200 times liquid, flusilazole (40 percent DuPont fosfomycin) 500 times liquid, Shangguan branches (3 percent thiophanate methyl) 500g and 40 percent DuPont fosfomycin 3g and 1.6 percent benziothiazolinone 120g/m²The (50 times) prevention and treatment effect is better.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and treating plant dry rot is characterized in that a medicament is adopted for preventing and treating, and comprises the steps of directly spraying and treating the trunks in the early stage of disease attack; deeply scratching disease spots of the trunk at the later stage of disease attack to xylem, and then smearing; the plant is autumn red maple;

wherein the prevention and treatment method for the early stage of the disease is to alternately use the following medicaments:

a) 6000 times liquid of flusilazole or 40% Du Pont Fuxing, spraying the trunk, and dropping liquid;

c) 500 times of solution of 80% ethylicin is sprayed on the tree trunk, and the dropping liquid is standard;

the prevention and treatment method for the later stage of the disease attack comprises the following steps of alternately using the following medicaments:

f) compounding 10% polyoxin 200-fold liquid plus ' flusilazole or 40% Dupont fuxing ' 500-fold liquid ', deeply scratching disease spots to xylem, and smearing liquid medicine;

i) 500g of 3% thiophanate-methyl or 500g of upper Gejin branch and 3g of 40% Dupont fuxing are compounded, and the scab is deeply scratched to xylem and the liquid medicine is smeared;

wherein the early stage of the disease refers to the period when the trunk just begins to appear yellow brown, water stain, nearly round or irregular disease spots; the late stage of the disease refers to that the center of the disease spot is irregularly cracked, and the Chinese ink-like juice flows out from the cracked position; when the disease part has brown colloid in dry weather; at this stage, the bark is peeled off, the cortex turns black and decays;

also comprises the step of whitening the trunk in winter; and/or, the larger pruning wound is pruned and painted with paint in time;

the method also comprises the steps of improving the growth environment of the nursery stocks, well managing water and fertilizer, draining water in time in rainy season, enhancing tree vigor and improving the disease resistance of the tree bodies;

spraying 800 times of 80% mancozeb liquid every 15 days in rainy season, and continuously spraying 800 times of 80% mancozeb liquid for 2 times.