CN114793743A - High-oil yield-increasing cultivation method for oil peonies - Google Patents
High-oil yield-increasing cultivation method for oil peonies Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005204 bell stage Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and planting application of oil peonies, and particularly relates to a high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies. The method comprises the following steps: a. leveling the land; b. planting; c. selecting seedlings; d. topdressing; e. topdressing in the germination stage; f. topdressing in flowering period; g. topdressing in the fruit development period; h. topdressing is carried out before soil is frozen in winter. Compared with the prior art, the method for high-oil yield-increasing cultivation of the oil peonies has the advantages and positive effects that the scientific management is combined with the growth characteristics of the oil peonies, so that the oil peonies meet the nutritional requirements of the oil peonies in each growth link, the optimal living conditions are further achieved, the yield is increased, and the purpose of increasing the yield is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and planting application of oil peonies, and particularly relates to a high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies.
Background
The oil peony (oil peony) is a new woody oil crop and has the outstanding characteristics of three highs and one lowness: high yield (the five-year yield per mu can reach 300 kilograms, the comprehensive benefit per mu can reach ten thousand yuan), high oil content (the oil content of seeds is 22%), high quality (the content of unsaturated fatty acid is 92%), low cost (the oil peony is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, is suitable for afforestation and planting under the forest, and is harvested in one hundred years and low in cost). At present, the peony seed oil is the most main product in the products made of oil peony, and the peony seed oil is a treasure in vegetable oil and is called as 'liquid gold' due to the abundant and unique nutrition and medical and health care effects. The peony seed oil is the oil which is most suitable for human nutrition in the oil discovered so far, is the oil with the highest total nutritional value and the most reasonable component structure of all edible oils, contains rich polyunsaturated fatty acid, the nutritional value of the peony seed oil far exceeds that of olive oil which is called as oil for human health, wherein the linolenic acid content is more than 200 times of that of the olive oil, and multiple indexes are higher than those of other oil species, and the peony seed oil has the advantages of easy absorption and strong permeability, permeates into a corium layer in 2-3 minutes, permeates into a blood and lymphatic system in 5-8 minutes, circulates for 4-8 hours for a week to carry viruses to be naturally discharged out of a body, and is not easy to deposit on the blood vessel wall, heart, coronary artery and other parts of the human body; it is these advantages that make it an important role in medicine and nutrition and an ideal edible oil.
Paeonia ostii 'peony is a wild type populous peony cultivation variety, is planted in Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Henan, Chongqing and other areas in large quantity, and in the existing cultivation process of Paeonia ostii' oil peony, the yield of the oil peony is unstable due to improper technical measures, so that the yield of the oil peony is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the planting of the oil peonies, the invention provides the high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method for the oil peonies, which is simple and scientific in cultivation and can effectively improve the purpose of increasing the yield of the oil peonies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the invention provides a high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies, which comprises the following steps:
a. land leveling: selecting a land with high and open terrain, good sandy soil air permeability, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as a cultivation field of the peony for oil, deeply turning for 30cm when leveling the land, applying 1000-1200 kg of completely decomposed farmyard manure and 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu in combination with deep turning, then finely digging and leveling, and enabling the cultivation field to form a layout with high north and low south when leveling;
b. planting: digging a ditch with the depth of 25-30 cm on the finished cultivation field, and ridging;
c. seedling selection: completing the transplanting and field planting of seedlings between late 9 and early 10 months, selecting 3-year-old seedlings with complete plants, thick main roots, developed lateral roots, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, cutting off tail tips about 3cm from the tail ends of the plant roots before planting, soaking the roots for 30min by using 400 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, and finally using 500 mg.L -1 The rooting powder quickly dips roots for 20s, the roots are planted after moisture of the roots is absorbed by clean cotton cloth, the row spacing of the plants is 40cm multiplied by 60cm, 2500-3000 plants are planted per mu, the root system is kept stretched, the plants are tamped by feet after being planted, and the plants are irrigated with small water along furrows;
d. topdressing: after transplanting is finished, implementing a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, wherein the ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O is 2:2:1, the topdressing amount is 30kg per mu, the first growth year after transplanting is a seedling recovering period, the seedling recovering period cannot be enabled to blossom and pod, buds are immediately pinched off when appearing, a foliar fertilizer is used for fertilizing in spring and summer, roots can be fertilized when the roots enter a full root and stem period in autumn, and the implementation mainly uses nitrogen elements and phosphorus elements, and weeding, soil loosening, watering and pest control are timely carried out according to the field condition;
e. topdressing in the germination stage: the effective temperature of the peony for oil is 0-10 ℃ for breaking germination, after the weather temperature is stabilized at 0-10 ℃, additional fertilization is carried out, and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is also applied during the additional fertilization, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2:1, and the topdressing amount is 30kg per mu;
f. topdressing in flowering period: before blooming in the beginning of 4 months, each mu50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is applied, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2: 1;
g. topdressing in fruit development stage: after flowers lag in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 1:1: 3;
h. topdressing before soil sealing in winter: performing topdressing for the third time before the soil is frozen in winter, topdressing 500kg of decomposed organic manure per mu, mixing 80kg of biological organic fertilizer and 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O is 1:1:1, the furrow depth is 30cm between two rows of plants, and fertilizer is scattered in the furrow and covered with soil. Watering after each top application in combination with soil moisture content, and determining whether one-time overwintering water is needed according to field conditions.
Preferably, in the step a, deep ploughing is performed on the cultivation field 2 months before the seedling is transplanted.
Preferably, during the fine grinding, 70% of a metiram dry suspending agent 700-1000 times of liquid and 45% of a phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times of liquid pesticide are sprayed in combination with land preparation, and the land preparation and the raking are carried out after the uniform spraying.
Preferably, the g step further comprises the step of high yield management: after the oil peonies are subjected to high yield, 3-5 fig buds are generally reserved on each main stubble branch of the oil peonies, 25000 accumulated flower pods per mu are 30000, and the seed yield per mu is kept at 1000 jin per mu.
Preferably, the h step further comprises: before the soil is frozen in winter, the threshed dry branches, dead branches, weak branches, diseased branches and fallen leaves are moved out of the field and burnt or buried deeply, and then the stems and the ground are sterilized by spraying lime sulfur mixture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that,
1. the invention provides a high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method for oil peonies, which combines scientific management with the growth characteristics of the oil peonies to meet the nutritional requirements of the oil peonies in each growth link, so that the optimal living conditions are achieved, the yield is improved, and the purpose of increasing the yield is achieved.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
Example 1, this example provides a method for high-oil yield-increasing cultivation of oil peonies, which includes the following steps:
the peony for oil belongs to a sunny half-tolerant negative plant, is suitable for being planted on a flat ground without shading, needs sufficient sunlight for growth and development, but cannot resist high-temperature exposure in summer during growth. The oil peonies are in a semi-dormant state in the high-temperature period above 28 ℃ (drought 26 ℃) in summer. Under the condition of good ventilation, the under-forest interplanting growth vigor is excellent. The economic forest which is totally closed (too dense) in summer can not be planted normally. The peony is suitable for growing and developing in deep, loose, fertile, well-drained and highly-dry neutral sandy loam. The pH value is within a range of 6.5-7.8. These are the basic characteristics of oil peonies, and therefore, when selecting cultivation land, the land with high plot, good air permeability of sandy soil, deep soil layer, loose and fertile property and good drainage is selected as the cultivation field of oil peonies, and when selecting, the land can be selected from both sloping fields and flat fields.
In order to achieve the purposes of killing germs and ova in soil and reducing plant diseases and insect pests, when land is leveled, the soil is deeply ploughed by 30cm, 1000-1200 kg of completely decomposed farmyard manure and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land in combination with deep ploughing, so that the purpose is achieved, nutrient substances can not be supplemented into the soil, germs and ova in the farmyard manure can be completely killed by using the insolation of sunlight while the soil is deeply ploughed, and because the optimal transplanting time of the oil peony is from the late 9 month to the early 10 months, the seedling is deeply ploughed in 2 months before being transplanted, namely in the hottest summer in the northern weather, so that the insolation of the sunlight can be better utilized.
Fine ploughing and fine cropping are carried out before transplanting, 70% of a metiram dry suspending agent 700-1000 times liquid and 45% of a phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid pesticide are sprayed in combination with land preparation, and land preparation and raking are carried out after uniform spraying. The purpose is also to further treat the eggs and bacteria to ensure the soil is clean.
And finally, leveling, wherein the cultivation field is in a north-high-south-low layout when leveling, and the cultivation field is in a north-high-south-low layout because the oil peonies need sufficient sunlight for growth and development, so that the cultivation field is in a north-high-south-low layout, the full irradiation of sunlight is facilitated, and the inclination angle is about 5 degrees.
Then, furrowing with the depth of 25-30 cm is conducted on the finished cultivation field, ridging is conducted, two purposes are achieved, one purpose is convenient drainage, and the other purpose is convenient ventilation.
Completing the transplanting and field planting of seedlings between late 9 and early 10 months, selecting 3-year-old seedlings with complete plants, thick main roots, developed lateral roots, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, cutting off tail tips about 3cm from the tail ends of the plant roots before planting, soaking the roots for 30min by using 400 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, and finally using 500 mg.L -1 The rooting powder quickly dips roots for 20s, clean cotton cloth is used for sucking water of the roots and planting the roots, the row spacing of plants is 40cm multiplied by 60cm, 2500-3000 plants are planted per mu, the roots are kept stretched, feet are used for treading the plants after planting, and small water is irrigated along furrows, so that the survival rate of transplanting and the ventilation requirement among the plants are ensured.
After the transplanting is finished, a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is implemented, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of the O is 2:2:1, the topdressing amount is 30kg per mu, the root system needs to grow after transplanting, and the nutrition measurement of the root system elements shows that the nitrogen elements and the phosphorus elements are increased at the time of the root system compared with other parts and the increase state is increased, so that more nitrogen elements and phosphorus elements need to be supplemented for the root system.
The first growth year after planting is a seedling recovering period, flowering and pod bearing cannot be achieved in the seedling recovering period, flower buds are cut off immediately, foliar fertilizer is applied in spring and summer, root fertilization can be performed when roots enter a root and stem containing period in autumn, nitrogen and phosphorus are used as main elements, and weeding, soil loosening, irrigation and pest control are performed in time according to field conditions.
In the germination period of the next year and later, the period that roots and stems need nutrition is also included, for this reason, after the effective temperature for breaking germination of the peony for oil is 0-10 ℃, and the weather temperature is stabilized at 0-10 ℃, additional fertilization is carried out, and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is also applied during the additional fertilization, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2:1, and the topdressing amount is 30kg per mu.
50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu before blooming in the first 4 months, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2:1, the absorption amount of nitrogen and phosphorus elements of plants is obviously increased from the bud stage to the bud stage and from the bud stage to the big wind bell stage, and the period is the maximum nutrient demand of 'paeonia ostii' on nitrogen and phosphorus. For this purpose, nitrogen and phosphorus are required to be continuously supplied.
After flowers lag in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O is 1:1:3, the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus elements by plants is the lowest from the flowering phase to the fruit development phase, but the absorption of potassium elements by plants is the highest, and therefore, the potassium elements need to be supplemented. After the oil peonies are subjected to high yield, 3-5 fig buds are generally reserved on each main stubble branch of the oil peonies, 25000 accumulated flower pods per mu are 30000, and the seed yield per mu is kept at 1000 jin per mu.
Performing topdressing for the third time before the soil is frozen in winter, topdressing 500kg of decomposed organic manure per mu, mixing 80kg of biological organic fertilizer and 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O is 1:1:1, the furrow depth is 30cm between two rows of plants, and fertilizer is scattered in the furrow and covered with soil. Watering after each top application in combination with soil moisture content, and determining whether one-time overwintering water is needed according to field conditions. The element supplement at this time is mainly balanced, and for this reason, the balance is determined according to the following formula 1:1:1 ofAnd (4) proportioning. It should be noted that before the soil is frozen in winter, the fallen dry branches, dead branches, weak branches, diseased branches and fallen leaves are removed from the field and burnt or buried deeply, and then the stems and the ground are sterilized by spraying lime sulphur.
By the method, experiments are carried out in the experimental field of Guangxi county in the chat city, the experiment period is three years, and compared with the traditional management mode, the average yield increase of the experimental results is 6.8%, so that the implementation purpose of the method is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. land leveling: selecting a land with high and open terrain, good sandy soil air permeability, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as a cultivation field of the peony for oil, deeply turning for 30cm when leveling the land, applying 1000-1200 kg of completely decomposed farmyard manure and 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu in combination with deep turning, then finely digging and leveling, and enabling the cultivation field to form a layout with high north and low south when leveling;
b. planting: digging a ditch with the depth of 25-30 cm on the finished cultivation field, and ridging;
c. seedling selection: completing the transplanting and field planting of seedlings between late 9 and early 10 months, selecting 3-year-old seedlings with complete plants, thick main roots, developed lateral roots, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, cutting off tail tips about 3cm from the tail ends of the plant roots before planting, soaking the roots for 30min by using 400 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, and finally using 500 mg.L -1 The rooting powder is dipped in roots for 20s quickly, and planted after absorbing water of the roots with clean cotton cloth, and the row spacing of the plants is 40cm is multiplied by 60cm, 2500-3000 plants are planted per mu, the root system is kept to be spread, the plants are tamped by feet after being planted, and the plants are irrigated with small water along furrows;
d. topdressing: after the transplanting is finished, a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is implemented, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2:1, the topdressing amount is 30kg per mu, the first growth year after planting is a seedling recovering period, the seedling recovering period cannot be enabled to bloom and pod, flower buds are immediately pinched off, foliar fertilizers are applied in spring and summer, roots can be applied when the roots enter a full-length period in autumn, nitrogen elements and phosphorus elements are used as main materials, and weeding, soil loosening, watering and pest control are carried out in time according to the field condition;
e. topdressing in the germination stage: the effective temperature of the peony for oil is 0-10 ℃ for breaking germination, after the weather temperature is stabilized at 0-10 ℃, additional fertilization is carried out, and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is also applied during the additional fertilization, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2:1, and the topdressing amount is 30kg per mu;
f. topdressing in flowering period: 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu before blooming in 4 months, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 2:2: 1;
g. and (3) topdressing at the fruit development stage: after flowers lag in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The proportion of O is 1:1: 3;
h. topdressing before soil sealing in winter: performing topdressing for the third time before the soil is frozen in winter, topdressing 500kg of decomposed organic manure per mu, mixing 80kg of biological organic fertilizer and 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, wherein N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O is 1:1:1, the furrow depth is 30cm between two rows of plants, and fertilizer is scattered in the furrow and covered with soil. Watering after each top application in combination with soil moisture content, and determining whether one-time overwintering water is needed according to field conditions.
2. The high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step a, deep ploughing is carried out on the cultivation field 2 months before the seedlings are transplanted.
3. The high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method for oil peonies according to claim 1, characterized in that during thinning, 70% of a metiram dry suspending agent 700-1000 times liquid and 45% of a phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid pesticide are sprayed in combination with land preparation, and land preparation and raking are performed after uniform spraying.
4. The high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies according to claim 1, wherein the g step further comprises high-yield period management: after the oil peonies are subjected to high yield, 3-5 fig buds are generally reserved on each main stubble branch of the oil peonies, 25000 accumulated flower pods per mu are 30000, and the seed yield per mu is kept at 1000 jin per mu.
5. The high-oil yield-increasing cultivation method of oil peonies according to claim 1, wherein the step h further comprises: before the soil is frozen in winter, the threshed dry branches, dead branches, weak branches, diseased branches and fallen leaves are moved out of the field and burnt or buried deeply, and then the stems and the ground are sterilized by spraying lime sulfur mixture.
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