CN114793731A - Sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges - Google Patents

Sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges Download PDF

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CN114793731A
CN114793731A CN202210358759.1A CN202210358759A CN114793731A CN 114793731 A CN114793731 A CN 114793731A CN 202210358759 A CN202210358759 A CN 202210358759A CN 114793731 A CN114793731 A CN 114793731A
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citrus
red
oranges
cultivation method
sugar
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CN114793731B (en
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平新亮
王鹏
林媚
张伟清
姚周麟
冯先橘
王天玉
徐程楠
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Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of orange planting, in particular to a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) spraying liquid fertilizer once when autumn shoots of the oranges begin to germinate and the autumn shoots are mature respectively; (2) covering a film in late April of the second year; (3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom; (4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored; (5) and (4) spraying two topdresses at the color conversion period of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdresses is 6-10 days. The method can obviously increase the sugar content and reduce the acid content of the red beauty citrus, improve the quality of the citrus variety in the marketing period, obviously improve the selling price and reduce the selling pressure, and bring better benefits to growers.

Description

Sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of citrus planting, and particularly relates to a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty citrus.
Background
Citrus (Citrus reticulata blanco) is a plant of the Rutaceae, Citrus genus. The product is pleasant to warm and humid climate, and has better cold resistance than pomelo, sour orange and sweet orange. The Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae is distributed between 16-37 ° north latitude. Is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except for trifoliate orange), and is used for economic cultivation of 3 genera: poncirus, Citrus, and Poncirus. Citrus grown in china and other countries of the world is predominantly of the genus citrus.
The citrus is the fruit with the largest cultivation area in China, the red beauty citrus is known as the noble citrus by the superior quality of the red beauty citrus, the area of the red beauty citrus in China exceeds 70 ten thousand mu, the red beauty citrus is mainly cultivated in open field, the fertilizer and water management is mainly carried out by using compound fertilizer, the quality of the citrus is not guaranteed, the concentrated marketing of the red beauty citrus brings pressure to the sale of the citrus fruit, the high-quality price is reflected in the sale of the red beauty citrus, the purchase price of the high-quality citrus fruit of the Zhejiang Xiangshan red beauty citrus reaches 30-60 yuan/kg, and the purchase price of the red beauty citrus in Sichuan, Jiangxi and other places with relatively weak cultivation technology is only 4-10 yuan/kg.
In recent years, extreme low temperature sometimes occurs, such as continuous low temperature freeze injury of 1 month in 2021 years, which causes serious influence on open field planting of red American citrus in many places such as Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Hubei; the orange quality is obviously reduced when continuous rainfall occurs in the mature period of the red beauty orange; the fertilizer and water management of the production of the red beauty oranges depends on the compound fertilizer, so that the appearance and the quality of the fruits are influenced due to the fact that the large fruits with thick peel are easy to be generated; the centralized marketing of the red beauty oranges brings pressure to orange fruit sales, and the orange planting benefit is influenced.
Therefore, how to provide a method for planting citrus reticulata blanco, which solves the technical problems that citrus reticulata blanco is easily damaged by freezing and the concentrated marketing of citrus reticulata blanco affects the economic benefit of planting farmers in the prior art, is a problem to be solved urgently by technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of red beauty oranges, which can obviously increase sugar and reduce acid of the red beauty oranges, improve the quality of the orange varieties in the market period, obviously improve the selling price and reduce the selling pressure, and bring better benefits to growers.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying liquid fertilizer once when autumn shoots of the oranges begin to germinate and the autumn shoots are mature respectively;
(2) covering a film in late April of the second year;
(3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored;
(5) and (4) spraying two topdresses at the color conversion period of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdresses is 6-10 days.
Preferably, the liquid fertilizer in the step (1) is a solution with 1000 times of micro-flower supplement power and 1500 times of micro-boron supplement power;
the volume ratio of the solution with 1000 times of micro-flower supplementing power to the solution with 1500 times of micro-boron supplementing power is 1-3: 1-3.
Preferably, the application amount of the liquid fertilizer in the step (1) is 150-250 kg/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the liquid fertilizer in the step (3) is 150-250 kg/mu.
Preferably, the hormone fertilizer in the step (4) is brassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01 percent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the brassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% to the monopotassium phosphate is 1: 7 to 9.
Preferably, the application amount of the hormone fertilizer in the step (4) is 150-250 kg/mu.
Preferably, the top dressing in the step (5) is a liquid with 500 times of haw supplementing power and a liquid with 500 times of calcium supplementing power.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the 500 times of the micro-replenishing haw juice to the 500 times of the micro-replenishing calcium juice is 1-3: 1-3.
Preferably, the application amount of the additional fertilizer in the step (5) is 150-250 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting greenhouse planting, the invention can avoid or reduce the freezing damage of extreme low temperature to the citrus, can effectively control the moisture content of the soil in each growth period of the citrus, and promotes the citrus to bloom in advance by covering the film in advance; the supply of nutrient elements such as boron, zinc, phosphorus, calcium and the like is considered, the quality of flower buds is ensured, and the growth of pulp is promoted; the effective photosynthesis of the leaves is ensured by the pruning technology; by using the brassin and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the color conversion period, the sugar and acid of the red American orange can be obviously increased and reduced, the quality of the orange variety in the market period is improved, the selling price can be obviously improved, the selling pressure can be obviously reduced, and better benefits are brought to growers.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying liquid fertilizer once when autumn shoots of the oranges begin to germinate and the autumn shoots are mature respectively;
(2) covering a film in late April of the second year;
(3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored;
(5) and (4) spraying two topdresses at the color conversion period of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdresses is 6-10 days.
In the invention, the time interval of the two topdressing in the step (5) is preferably 7-9 days; further preferably 8 days.
In the invention, the liquid fertilizer in the step (1) is a solution with 1000 times of micro-complement flower power and 1500 times of micro-complement boron power;
the volume ratio of the solution with 1000 times of micro-flower supplementing power to the solution with 1500 times of micro-boron supplementing power is 1-3: 1-3; preferably 2: 1-3; further preferably 1: 1.
In the invention, the application amount of the liquid fertilizer in the step (1) is 150-250 kg/mu; preferably 170-230 kg/mu; further preferably 190-210 kg/mu; more preferably 200 kg/acre.
In the invention, the application amount of the liquid fertilizer in the step (3) is 150-250 kg/mu; preferably 170-230 kg/mu; further preferably 190-210 kg/mu; more preferably 200 kg/acre.
In the invention, the hormone fertilizer in the step (4) is brassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01 percent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In the invention, the volume ratio of the brassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% to the monopotassium phosphate is 1: 7-9; preferably 1: 8.
In the invention, the application amount of the hormone fertilizer in the step (4) is 150-250 kg/mu; preferably 170-230 kg/mu; further preferably 190-210 kg/mu; more preferably 200 kg/acre.
In the invention, the top dressing in the step (5) is a liquid with 500 times of micro-red fruit supplementing power and a liquid with 500 times of micro-calcium supplementing power.
In the invention, the volume ratio of the 500 times of micro-replenishing haw juice to the 500 times of micro-replenishing calcium juice is 1-3: 1-3; preferably 2: 1-3; further preferably 1: 1.
In the invention, the application amount of the top dressing in the step (5) is 150-250 kg/mu; preferably 170-230 kg/mu; further preferably 190-210 kg/mu; more preferably 200 kg/acre.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying liquid fertilizer once when the autumn tips of the oranges begin to germinate and the autumn tips are mature respectively, wherein the application amount is 150 kg/mu;
the liquid fertilizer is a solution with 1000 times of micro-complement flower power and 1500 times of micro-complement boron power, and the volume ratio of the liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer is 1: 3;
(2) covering a film in late April of the second year;
(3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom; the application amount is 150 kg/mu;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored;
the hormone fertilizer is prepared from the following components in a volume ratio of 1: 7, 0.01 percent of brassinolide and monopotassium phosphate by mass concentration, and the application amount is 150 kg/mu;
(5) spraying two topdressing at the color conversion stage of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdressing is 6 days;
the topdressing is a micro-replenishing hawthorn fruit 500-time liquid and a micro-replenishing calcium 500-time liquid with the volume ratio of 1: 3, and the application amount is 150 kg/mu.
Example 2
The invention provides a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges, which comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once when autumn shoots of the citrus begin to germinate and the autumn shoots are mature, wherein the application amount is 250 kg/mu;
the liquid fertilizer is a solution with 1000 times of micro-complement flower power and 1500 times of micro-complement boron power, and the volume ratio of the liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer is 3: 1;
(2) covering a film in late April of the second year;
(3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom; the application amount is 250 kg/mu;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored;
the hormone fertilizer is prepared from the following components in a volume ratio of 1: 9, 0.01 percent of brassinolide and monopotassium phosphate by mass concentration, and the application amount is 250 kg/mu;
(5) spraying two topdressing at the color conversion stage of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdressing is 10 days;
the topdressing is a micro-replenishing hawthorn fruit 500-time liquid and a micro-replenishing calcium 500-time liquid with the volume ratio of 3: 3, and the application amount is 250 kg/mu.
Example 3
The invention provides a sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method for red beauty oranges, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying liquid fertilizer once when the autumn tips of the oranges begin to germinate and the autumn tips are mature respectively, wherein the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
the liquid fertilizer is a solution with 1000 times of micro-complement flower power and 1500 times of micro-complement boron power, and the volume ratio of the liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer is 1: 1;
(2) covering a film in late April of the second year;
(3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom; the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored;
the hormone fertilizer is prepared from the following components in a volume ratio of 1: 8, 0.01 percent of brassinolide and monopotassium phosphate by mass concentration, and the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
(5) spraying two topdressing at the color conversion stage of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdressing is 8 days;
the topdressing is a micro-replenishing hawthorn fruit 500-time liquid and a micro-replenishing calcium 500-time liquid with the volume ratio of 1: 1, and the application amount is 200 kg/mu.
Example 4
And (3) comparison test: the yellow rock Yihang farm in Taizhou city is selected as a test implementation place, the yellow rock Yihang farm is located in the east village of the she country in the yellow rock area in Taizhou city in Zhejiang province, the test variety is red American citrus, and the specific treatment is as follows:
experimental groups: (1) in 2020, when the autumn tips start to germinate (8 months and 10 days) and the autumn tips are mature (10 months and 11 days), respectively spraying liquid fertilizers once, wherein the liquid for supplementing flower power is 1000 times and the liquid for supplementing boron power is 1500 times (the volume ratio is 1: 1), and the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
(2) covering a film on the multi-span greenhouse in 2021 year, 1 month and 21 days;
(3) in 2021, spraying liquid fertilizer once respectively for the citrus flower buds to appear white (3 months and 1 day) and before flowering (3 months and 11 days), wherein the volume ratio of the liquid with 1000 times of micro-flower-supplementing force to the liquid with 1500 times of micro-boron-supplementing force is 1: 1), and the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer once before citrus fruits are colored (26 days in 8 months), wherein the volume ratio of 0.01% brassinolide 4000-fold liquid to potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500-fold liquid is 1: 8, and the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
(5) and (3) spraying additional fertilizer twice in the color changing period of the citrus fruits (25 months at 9 and 2 days at 10 months), wherein the micro-supplement red fruit power is 500 times the liquid and the micro-supplement calcium power is 500 times the liquid (the volume ratio is 1: 1), and the application amount is 200 kg/mu.
Control group: common citrus non-film-covering open field cultivation management methods in the prior art are taken as a control group;
the results of the measurements on the citrus samples of the test treatments and the open field control on 8/11/2021 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003580447890000051
Figure BDA0003580447890000061
The results of the measurements on the test treatments and the samples of the citrus fruit with open field control on 12/13/2021 are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Treatment of Cultivation in open field Examples
Weight per gram of single fruit 206.5 216.6
Rate of eating (%) 82.9 81.6
Thickness per mm 2.26 2.27
TSS(%) 12.5 13.0
Total acid (%) 0.61 0.47
Acid fixation ratio 20.49 27.66
Reducing sugar (%) 2.4 2.6
Sucrose (%) 4.7 4.9
Vc(mg/100g) 31.9 33.7
Test data show that the soluble solid content of the red beauty orange treated by the sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation method is 12.6 percent, and the solid-acid ratio is 20.66. The soluble solid content of the red beauty orange cultivated in open field is measured to be 12.5 percent, and the solid-acid ratio is 20.49. The sugar-increasing and acid-reducing cultivation treatment can greatly improve the soluble solid of the red beauty oranges compared with the same-period open field cultivation and obviously reduce the acid, and the selling price of the red beauty oranges is 5-10 yuan per kilogram higher than that of the red beauty oranges cultured in the same-period open field.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty orange is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spraying liquid fertilizer once when autumn shoots of the oranges begin to germinate and the autumn shoots are mature respectively;
(2) covering a film in late April of the second year;
(3) respectively spraying liquid fertilizer once before the citrus flower buds appear white and bloom;
(4) spraying a hormone fertilizer for one time before the citrus fruits are colored;
(5) and (4) spraying two topdresses at the color conversion period of the citrus fruits, wherein the time interval of the two topdresses is 6-10 days.
2. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty orange according to claim 1, wherein the liquid fertilizer in the step (1) is a solution with 1000 times of micro flower supplementing power and 1500 times of micro boron supplementing power;
the volume ratio of the solution with 1000 times of micro-flower supplementing power to the solution with 1500 times of micro-boron supplementing power is 1-3: 1-3.
3. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty oranges and tangerines according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the application amount of the liquid fertilizer in the step (1) is 150-250 kg/mu.
4. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty oranges according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the liquid fertilizer in the step (3) is 150-250 kg/mu.
5. The method for sugar and acid increasing cultivation of the red American citrus, according to the claim 1, wherein the hormone fertilizer in the step (4) is brassinolide with a mass concentration of 0.01% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red American citrus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the volume ratio of the brassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% to the monopotassium phosphate is 1: 7 to 9.
7. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty oranges and tangerines according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the application amount of the hormone fertilizer in the step (4) is 150-250 kg/mu.
8. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty orange according to claim 1, wherein the top dressing in the step (5) is a solution with 500 times of red fruit supplementing power and a solution with 500 times of calcium supplementing power.
9. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty oranges according to claim 8, wherein the volume ratio of the solution with 500 times of red nourishing effect to the solution with 500 times of calcium nourishing effect is 1-3: 1-3.
10. The cultivation method for increasing sugar and reducing acid of the red beauty oranges and tangerines according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the additional fertilizer in the step (5) is 150-250 kg/mu.
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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102742444A (en) * 2012-07-23 2012-10-24 四川农业大学 Sugar-increasing and acid-decreasing method for citrus cultivar cv. Shimian Huangguogan
CN102934600A (en) * 2012-11-30 2013-02-20 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 Method for planting pollution-free early-maturing mandarin orange
CN110352767A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-10-22 广西特色作物研究院 A method of improving granulated sugar tangerine yield
CN113348955A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-09-07 台州市农业科学研究院 Early-maturing cultivation method for sweet cherries in south China
CN113597965A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-05 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Planting method for promoting early maturing of Or

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102742444A (en) * 2012-07-23 2012-10-24 四川农业大学 Sugar-increasing and acid-decreasing method for citrus cultivar cv. Shimian Huangguogan
CN102934600A (en) * 2012-11-30 2013-02-20 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 Method for planting pollution-free early-maturing mandarin orange
CN110352767A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-10-22 广西特色作物研究院 A method of improving granulated sugar tangerine yield
CN113348955A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-09-07 台州市农业科学研究院 Early-maturing cultivation method for sweet cherries in south China
CN113597965A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-05 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Planting method for promoting early maturing of Or

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