CN114787366A - 改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统进行细胞转化的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统的细胞转化方法。本发明的重编程系统包含编码起始细胞标记启动子、多能性维持基因蛋白、氨基酸分离肽、Cre重组酶、目标细胞标记启动子、LoxP和荧光蛋白的基因,不需要细胞固定以确认细胞转化,能够在活细胞状态下进行实时监测,并可在体外和体内使用。因此,本发明有望广泛应用于生物和医学领域。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统的细胞转化方法。
背景技术
最近,在干细胞研究领域,随着多能性维持基因蛋白例如SOX2(性别决定区Y-box2)被鉴别出来,人们努力通过在完全分化细胞中过表达多能性维持基因蛋白,将完全分化的细胞转化为其他类型的细胞。例如,Huang等人进行了一项研究,使用Foxa3、Hnf1a和Gata4基因,将正常体细胞转化为肝细胞(Huang等人,Nature,475卷,386-389页,2011),另外,韩国专利号10-1702629公开了一种使用FLI1或ETV2基因将正常体细胞转化为血管祖细胞的方法。与现有的将完全分化的细胞重编程为诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)并将重编程的细胞重新分化为所需细胞的过程不同,这种将完全分化的细胞直接转化为其他类型细胞的方法,直接将完全分化的细胞诱导为所需细胞,无需诱导多能干细胞阶段,所以,因其可用于疾病建模和新药发现的潜力正在受到关注,并且有望在再生医学领域有高度应用前景。
然而,传统已知的细胞转化方法,存在转化细胞的效率很低,并且没有能够实时监测细胞转化的技术的问题。由于无法实时测量细胞的状态,因此无法确定细胞转化完成的准确时间,为了确认细胞转化,需要先固定细胞,然后通过免疫学方法分析细胞。因此,存在不能二次使用转化细胞并且只能在体外进行细胞转化的问题。
因此,本公开涉及一种改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统的细胞转化方法。本公开的重编程系统不需要细胞固定来确认细胞转化,能够在活细胞状态下进行实时监测,并且可以在体外和体内使用。因此,本发明的重编程系统有望广泛应用于生物和医学领域。
发明内容
技术问题
本公开内容是为了解决现有技术中出现的上述问题,并且涉及一种改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统的细胞转化方法。
但是,本发明要解决的技术问题不限于上述技术问题,本领域普通技术人员通过以下描述可以清楚地理解本文未提及的其他技术问题。
技术方案
在下文中,将参照附图描述本文描述的各种实施方案。在以下描述中,阐述了许多具体细节,例如具体配置、组成和工艺等,以便提供对本公开的透彻理解。然而,某些实施方案可以在没有这些具体细节中的一个或多个的情况下实施,或者与其他已知的方法和配置相结合。在其他情况下,没有特别详细地描述已知的过程和制备技术,以免不必要地混淆本公开。在整个说明书中对“一个实施方案”或“一实施方案”的引用意味着,结合该实施方案描述的特定特征、配置、组成或特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施方案中。因此,在整个说明书的各个地方出现的短语“在一个实施方案中”或“一实施方案”不一定指本发明的同一实施方案。此外,特定的特征、配置、组成或特性可以在一个或多个实施方案中以任何合适的方式组合。
除非在本说明书中另有说明,否则说明书中使用的所有科学技术术语与本发明所属技术领域的技术人员通常理解的具有相同的含义。
本公开提供了一种改进的体内重编程系统。本公开的体内重编程系统是通过使用Viafect转染试剂(E4981,普洛麦格(Promega),美国)将VSV-G(水泡性口炎病毒的融合包膜G糖蛋白)、GAG/Pol基因和表达载体引入人胚肾293FT(HEK293FT)细胞而产生的。HEK293FT细胞是来源于人胚肾细胞的细胞,因其高生长率和高转染效率而被积极应用于基因研究领域。
表达载体被设计为依次转录起始细胞标记启动子、多能性维持基因蛋白、氨基酸分离肽、Cre重组酶、目标细胞标记启动子、LoxP和编码荧光蛋白的基因。荧光蛋白被设计为沿着逆转录方向,从而通过Cre重组酶的表达识别LoxP,并且恢复为沿着转录的方向。
在本说明书中,所述起始细胞标记启动子严格意义上是,编码在起始细胞中特异性表达的标记蛋白的基因的启动子,所述目标细胞标记启动子严格意义上是,编码在目标细胞中特异性表达的标记蛋白的基因的启动子。
起始细胞是导入了表达载体的完全分化的细胞,是表达在表达载体的转录方向上位于最前面的标记启动子的细胞。起始细胞可以选自任何类型的细胞,并且可以选择任何类型的完全分化的体细胞或生殖细胞作为起始细胞。
目标细胞是将要从起始细胞转化而成的细胞,是表达在表达载体的转录方向上位于第二位的标记启动子的细胞。目标细胞也可以选自任何类型的细胞,可以选择任何完全或不完全分化的体细胞或生殖细胞作为目标细胞。
具体地,在一个实施方案中,起始细胞和目标细胞可以选自上皮细胞、肌肉细胞、神经元、基质细胞和骨细胞的亚型。
上皮细胞是构成膜组织的细胞,其形成一层细胞并覆盖组织或腺体的内部和外部。上皮细胞意为包括单层鳞状上皮、单层立方上皮、单层柱状上皮、复层鳞状上皮、复层立方上皮、复层柱状上皮、假复层上皮、移行上皮和腺上皮。
肌细胞是构成肌肉的细胞,意为包括平滑肌细胞、条纹肌细胞、和心肌细胞。
与其他细胞不同,神经元是能够通过表达离子通道,例如钠通道和钾通道,以电学的方式发出信号的细胞,并且意为包括感觉神经元、中间神经元、运动神经元、单极神经元、假单极神经元、双极神经元、多极神经元、棘状神经元、无棘神经元、非棘状神经元、胆碱能神经元、肾上腺素能神经元、多巴胺能神经元和5-羟色胺能神经元。
基质细胞是构成纤维结缔组织的细胞,意为包括成纤维细胞、成软骨细胞、成骨细胞、神经胶质细胞、脂肪细胞、巨噬细胞和浆细胞。
骨细胞意为包括成骨细胞、骨细胞和破骨细胞。
在另一实施方案中,起始细胞和目标细胞可以选自,构成骨骼系统、肌肉系统、内分泌系统、循环系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统、消化系统、神经系统、皮肤系统、呼吸系统和外分泌系统的细胞。
骨骼系统意为包括骨骼、软骨和关节,所述骨骼包括身体骨骼(头骨、脊柱和胸腔)、四肢骨骼(手臂骨骼和腿骨骼)、骨髓等,所述软骨包括透明软骨、纤维软骨、弹性软骨等,所述关节包括纤维关节、软骨关节、滑膜关节等。
肌肉系统意为包括骨骼肌、平滑肌和心肌。
内分泌系统意为包括垂体、下丘脑、松果体、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、胸腺、肾上腺、胰腺、睾丸和卵巢。
循环系统意为包括心血管系统以及淋巴系统,所述心血管系统包括心脏、血管(动脉、静脉、毛细血管、主动脉、腔静脉、肺动脉和肺静脉)、血液(血浆、红细胞、白细胞和血小板)等,所述淋巴系统包括淋巴管、淋巴结、脾脏、胸腺、扁桃体、派尔氏板(Peyer's plate)、黏膜相关淋巴组织。
泌尿系统意为包括肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道。
生殖系统意为包括男性生殖系统和女性生殖系统,所述男性生殖系统包括睾丸、附睾、输精管、精子、尿道、精囊、前列腺、球状尿道腺、阴囊、阴茎、龟头、包皮等,所述女性生殖系统包括卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道、处女膜、外阴、大阴唇、小阴唇和乳腺。
消化系统意为包括消化道和消化腺,所述消化道包括口腔、咽、食道、胃、小肠(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)、大肠(盲肠、结肠和直肠)、肛门等,所述消化腺包括唾液腺、胰腺、胆囊、肝脏等。
神经系统意为包括中枢神经系统(大脑和脊髓)、周围神经系统(身体神经系统)、自主神经系统(交感神经系统和副交感神经系统)、眼、耳、鼻和舌头。
皮肤系统意为包括皮肤、毛囊、汗腺、皮脂腺、指甲和乳房。
呼吸系统意为包括鼻腔、咽、喉、气管、支气管和肺。
外分泌系统意在包括汗腺、下颌尿道腺(mandibular urethral glands)、皮肤腺、乳腺、前列腺、前骨腺(anterior osseous glands)、粘液、精囊、唾液腺和河口腺(estuaryglands)。
此外,作为本发明的体内重编程系统中的起始细胞标记启动子和目标细胞标记启动子,可以使用任何启动子而没有限制,只要它们是编码本领域的技术人员熟知的所选细胞标记的蛋白质的基因的启动子即可。
在下文中,起始细胞将被称为细胞A,目标细胞将被称为细胞B。
在本发明的一实施方案中,选择基质细胞作为细胞A,选择神经元作为细胞B。
更具体地,基质细胞是构成纤维结缔组织的细胞,意为包括成纤维细胞、成软骨细胞、成骨细胞、神经胶质细胞、脂肪细胞、巨噬细胞和浆细胞,神经胶质细胞包括星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、室管膜细胞、施万细胞、卫星细胞和被囊细胞。
当细胞A是基质细胞时,细胞A的标记物可以选自,但不限于:Col1A2(I型胶原α2链)、FAP(成纤维细胞激活蛋白)、FSP1(成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1)、波形蛋白、ACTA(α平滑肌肌动蛋白)、Hsp47(热休克蛋白47)、蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)、CD44、CD45、CD73、降钙素、OSCAR(破骨细胞相关受体)、RANK(核因子κB受体激活剂)、GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)、TREM2(髓样细胞上表达的触发受体2)、HexB(β-己糖胺酶β亚基)、S100(钙结合蛋白)、CD69和/或Gpr34(可能的G蛋白偶联受体34)。
细胞B是神经元时,细胞B的标记物可以选自,但不限于:SYN(突触蛋白)、Tuj1(神经元特异性III类β-微管蛋白)、MAP2(微管相关蛋白2)和/或神经丝。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,细胞A的标记启动子可以是GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)启动子,多能性维持基因蛋白可以是SOX2(性别决定区Y-box 2),氨基酸分离肽可以是T2A(2A肽),细胞B的标记启动子可以是SYN(突触蛋白),荧光蛋白可以是eGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白)。在这种情况中,细胞A是星形胶质细胞,而通过本发明的表达载体由星形胶质细胞转化而成的细胞B是神经元。当将上述示例性载体引入星形胶质细胞时,SOX2和Cre重组酶由作为星形胶质细胞标记物的GFAP启动子表达,并且作为多能性维持基因蛋白的SOX2的表达可以将星形胶质细胞转化为神经元。另外,LoxP位点被Cre重组酶识别,Loxp位点之间逆转录方向的荧光蛋白被恢复为沿转录方向。当星形胶质细胞转化为神经元时,作为神经标记的SYN启动子起作用,表达恢复至沿转录方向的eGFP,细胞显示绿色荧光。因此,从细胞A(星形胶质细胞)转化而成的细胞B(神经元)可作为体内活细胞被鉴定。
如果将表达载体导入细胞A(星形胶质细胞)以外的细胞,则细胞A标记启动子(GFAP启动子)不起作用,因此不会显示荧光。即使将表达载体导入细胞A(星形胶质细胞),如果细胞A通过多能性维持蛋白(SOX2)基因转化为细胞B(神经元)以外的细胞,细胞B标记启动子(SYN启动子)不起作用,因此不显示荧光。如果从一开始就将表达载体引入细胞B(神经元),由于Cre-loxP不能工作,Cre重组酶不表达,因此不能显示荧光。只有当细胞A(星形胶质细胞)转化为细胞B(神经元)时,才会显示荧光。
T2A肽是一种自我加工的病毒肽,具有由约18个氨基酸组成的相对较短的氨基酸序列。当2A序列置于两个不同的蛋白质之间,融合后在细胞中表达时,2A序列最后一个氨基酸Pro前面的氨基酸键断裂,因此可能获得与两种蛋白质分别表达相同的效果。作为2A的一种,也可以使用F2A或E2A作为替代品。
Cre-loxP系统是一种位点特异性重组系统,可以选择性地删除、反转或易位特定基因。与其他在转化后立即表达基因的载体不同,Cre-loxP系统可以仅在必要的时间在必要的组织中诱导插入基因的表达。当loxP定位在要操作的基因之前和之后、并表达Cre重组酶时,定位在loxP之间的目标基因通过Cre-loxP相互作用进行操作(https://www.addgene.org/cre-lox/)。
本发明的改进的体内重编程系统因其可用于疾病建模和新药发现的潜力而受到关注,并且有望在再生医学领域中有高度应用前景。
例如,当将特定类型的细胞设置为细胞A,并通过将其转换为细胞B,而将细胞A去除时,可以模拟由于缺少细胞A而发生的疾病类型。
例如,当在患有疾病的受试者中通过将细胞A转化为细胞B,以增加细胞B的数量,来治疗特定疾病时,细胞B可用于该疾病的药学目的。
此外,例如,在完全分化细胞几乎不再生的情况下,可以通过将其他细胞(细胞A)转化为目标细胞(细胞B)来诱导功能的再生。即,损伤后失去的神经功能有可能恢复。更具体地,由于神经元在损伤后几乎不再生,因此在神经损伤时可能会出现感觉和运动障碍。但是,可以通过将其他细胞(细胞A)转化为神经元(细胞B),以恢复失去的神经功能。
本发明的改进的体内重编程系统能够对在活细胞状态下将设置为细胞A的特定细胞转化为细胞B的过程进行活细胞成像。由于不需要细胞固定,因此可以二次使用转换后的细胞,并且可以实时检查从细胞A到细胞B的细胞转化过程,无需时间间隔。优选地,活细胞成像使用荧光显微镜进行。
在本公开的一个实施方案中,术语“诊断”是指识别病理状况的存在或特征,识别疾病的发生,以及确定疾病的严重程度。为此,可以通过对疑似患有该疾病的受试者的组织进行目视检查或细胞学检查来诊断疑似疾病。具体地,该疾病可以通过以下方法来诊断:测量来自疑似患病对象的样品(临床上,细胞、血液、体液、胸膜液、腹水、关节液、脓液、分泌物、痰液、咽粘液、尿液、胆汁、粪便等)中所含脂质浓度的方法、直接检测样品中疾病相关蛋白的方法、测量该蛋白特异性抗体浓度的方法、或直接检测编码该蛋白质和/或该抗体的核酸的方法。测量脂质的方法的例子包括但不限于,用与脂质特异性反应的染料染色。使用直接检测抗原-抗体结合或疾病相关蛋白的方法的诊断手段的例子包括但不限于,蛋白印迹分析、ELISA(酶联免疫吸附测定)、放射免疫测定(RIA)、放射免疫扩散、Ouchterlony免疫扩散、火箭免疫电泳、组织免疫染色、免疫沉淀测定、补体固定测定、荧光激活细胞分选仪(FACS)和蛋白质芯片测定。直接检测编码疾病相关蛋白的核酸的方法的例子包括但不限于,逆转录聚合酶反应(RT-PCR)、竞争性逆转录聚合酶反应(竞争性RT-PCR)、实时逆转录转录聚合酶反应(实时RT-PCR)、RNase保护测定(RPA)、RNA印迹或DNA芯片测定。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,“筛选”是指,通过特定的操作或评估方法,从由若干物质组成的候选组中,选取具有任何特定性质的目标物质。为了本公开的目的,本公开中的筛选是细胞B追踪过程,在所述过程中,通过在患有特定疾病的受试者体内将细胞A转化为细胞B,以增加细胞B的数量,来进行疾病治疗,或者,筛选是跟踪最有效地转换为细胞B的细胞A的过程,但筛选不限于此。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,“给药”指通过任何合适的方法,将特定的组合物施用于受试者,该组合物可通过任何一般的途径给药,只要它可到达目标组织。给药途径的例子包括但不限于,口服给药、腹膜内给药、血管内给药、肌肉内给药、皮下给药、皮内给药、鼻内给药、肺内给药、直肠内给药、鞘内给药、腹膜内给药、鞘内给药。在本发明中,有效量可根据多种因素调整,包括疾病的类型、疾病的严重程度、组合物中所含的活性成分和其他成分的类型和含量、制剂的类型、受试者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食、给药时间、给药途径、组合物的分泌率、治疗时间、和同时使用的药物。对于成年人,该组合物可以以50mL至500mL一次的量给药至体内,化合物可以以0.1ng/kg至10mg/kg的剂量施用,针对蛋白质的单克隆抗体可以以0.1ng/kg至10mg/kg的剂量给药。给药可以1天1次~12次,1天12次给药时,可每2小时给药1次。如本领域所熟知的,肽和核酸也可与被设计用于增强免疫反应的其他治疗联用,例如与佐剂或细胞因子(或编码细胞因子的核酸)联用。也可使用其他标准递送方法,例如基因枪转移或离体治疗。在离体治疗中,抗原呈递细胞(APC)例如树突细胞、外周血单核细胞、或骨髓细胞,可从患者或合适的供体获得、用免疫原性组合物离体活化,然后给药于患者。
本发明的一个实施方案提供了一种将细胞A转化为细胞B的表达载体,该表达载体依次含有细胞A标记启动子、多能性维持基因蛋白、Cre重组酶、细胞B标记启动子、LoxP和编码荧光蛋白的基因。表达载体能够在活细胞状态下确认细胞A转化为细胞B。在表达载体中,包含沿逆转录方向的编码荧光蛋白的基因。表达载体还含有氨基酸分离肽。在所述表达载体中,所述氨基酸分离肽选自T2A、F2A和E2A中的任意一种或多种。在所述表达载体中,所述多能性维持基因蛋白为选自SOX基因家族(性别决定区基因家族)、Myc基因家族(原癌基因家族)、Klf基因家族(Kruppel样因子基因家族)和Oct基因家族(八聚体结合转录因子基因家族)中的一种或多种。
另外,在表达载体中,细胞A是基质细胞,细胞B是神经元。在所述表达载体中,所述基质细胞为选自下组的任意一种:成纤维细胞、成软骨细胞、成骨细胞、神经胶质细胞、脂肪细胞、巨噬细胞和浆细胞,并且所述细胞A标记启动子为选自下组的任一种启动子:Col1A2(I型胶原蛋白Alpha 2链)、FAP(成纤维细胞活化蛋白)、FSP1(成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1)、波形蛋白、ACTA(α平滑肌肌动蛋白)、Hsp47(热休克蛋白47)、聚集蛋白聚糖、CD44、CD45、CD73、降钙素、OSCAR(破骨细胞相关受体)、RANK(核因子κB受体激活剂)、GFAP(胶质原纤维酸性蛋白)、TREM2(髓样细胞上表达的触发受体2)、HexB(β-己糖胺酶β亚基)、S100(钙结合蛋白)、CD69和Gpr34(可能的G蛋白偶联受体34)。在表达载体中,细胞B标记启动子是选自下组的任一种启动子:SYN(突触蛋白)、Tuj1(神经元特异性III类β-微管蛋白)、MAP2(微管相关蛋白2)和神经丝。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种用于治疗神经损伤的药物组合物,其含有该表达载体作为活性成分。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种慢病毒载体,其含有所述表达载体、VSV-G(水疱性口炎病毒的融合包膜G糖蛋白)和GAG/Pol基因。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种含有所述表达载体的非人转化体。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种将细胞A转化为细胞B的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)生产所述表达载体;(b)将所述表达载体导入细胞A。将细胞A转化为细胞B的方法在步骤(b)之后还包括用细胞B培养基培养该细胞的步骤。此外,该方法还包括在步骤(b)之后确认该细胞中荧光表达的步骤。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种活细胞成像方法,用于在活细胞状态下确认细胞A转化为细胞B,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)生产所述表达载体;(b)将所述表达载体导入细胞A。在所述活细胞成像方法中,使用荧光显微镜进行成像。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种生产动物模型的方法,所述动物模型中细胞A已经转化为细胞B,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)生产所述表达载体;(b)将所述表达载体引入非人类受试者。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种筛选用于转化为细胞B的细胞A的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)准备第一受试者和第二受试者作为非人疾病动物模型;(b)通过选择细胞(i)作为细胞A和细胞(iii)作为细胞B,生产表达载体I;(c)通过选择细胞(ii)作为细胞A和细胞(iii)作为细胞B,生产表达载体II;(d)将表达载体I引入第一受试者,将表达载体II引入第二受试者;(e)比较第一受试者和第二受试者的疾病治疗效果,当对第一受试者的治疗效果更好时,选择细胞(i)作为转化为细胞(iii)的细胞。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种用于治疗细胞B损伤引起的疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有所述载体作为活性成分,其中,细胞B为神经元,细胞B损伤引起的疾病为选自下组的任一种:癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化(Lou Gehrig病)、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑瘫、脑炎、中风、脑梗塞、脑出血、缺血性脑病发作、多发性硬化、头痛、偏头痛、紧张性头痛、舞蹈病、亨廷顿病、威尔逊病、脑震荡、脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、外伤性蛛网膜下腔血肿、脊髓损伤、动静脉畸形、脑动脉瘤、脑积水、脊柱裂、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、晕厥、神经麻痹、严重虚弱、震颤、脊髓炎、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和运动功能障碍。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了一种通过施用所述载体来预防或治疗细胞B损伤引起的疾病的方法,其中,所述细胞B是神经元,所述细胞B损伤引起的疾病是选自下组中的任一种:癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Lou Gehrig病)、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑瘫、脑炎、中风、脑梗塞、脑出血、缺血性脑病发作、多发性硬化症、头痛、偏头痛、紧张性头痛、舞蹈病、亨廷顿病、威尔逊氏病、脑震荡、脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、外伤性蛛网膜下腔血肿、脊髓损伤、动静脉畸形、脑动脉瘤、脑积水、脊柱裂、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、晕厥、神经麻痹、严重虚弱、震颤、脊髓炎、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、和运动功能障碍。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了上述载体在预防或治疗细胞B损伤引起的疾病中的用途,其中细胞B为神经元,细胞B损伤引起的疾病为选自下组中的任一种:癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Lou Gehrig病)、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑瘫、脑炎、中风、脑梗塞、脑出血、缺血性脑病发作、多发性硬化症、头痛、偏头痛、紧张性头痛、舞蹈病、亨廷顿病、威尔逊病、脑震荡、脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、外伤性蛛网膜下腔血肿、脊髓损伤、动静脉畸形、脑动脉瘤、脑积水、脊柱裂、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、晕厥、神经麻痹、严重虚弱、震颤、脊髓炎、阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症疾病和运动功能障碍。
在下文中,将详细描述本公开的每个步骤。
有利效果
以往公知的细胞转化方法的问题在于,由于没有能够实时监测细胞转化的技术,因此无法实时测量细胞的状态,只能在体外进行细胞转化。因此,本公开涉及一种改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统的细胞转化方法。本公开的重编程系统能够在活细胞状态下进行实时监测,并且可以在体外和体内使用。因此,本发明的重编程系统有望广泛应用于生物和医学领域。
附图说明
图1为显示改进的体内重编程系统(A-IVR)的结构,其是根据本公开的一个实施方案的用于直接重编程的表达载体。
图2为显示,根据本公开的一个实施方案,在体外通过A-IVR转化为神经元的神经胶质细胞(更具体地,是星形胶质细胞)的免疫染色结果。
图3显示了,根据本公开的一个实施方案,在体外通过A-IVR转化为神经元的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的光学显微照片和免疫染色结果。
图4显示了,根据本公开的一个实施方案,在体外通过A-IVR转化为神经元的人成纤维细胞的光学显微照片和免疫染色结果。
图5显示了,根据本公开的一个实施方案,表明移植有A-IVR的脊髓损伤动物模型已经恢复了其运动功能的结果。
图6显示了,根据本公开的一个实施方案,A-IVR移植脊髓损伤动物模型脊髓组织的免疫染色结果。
最佳实施方式
在本发明的一个实施方案中,分别选择神经胶质细胞和神经元作为起始细胞和目标细胞,将所述神经胶质细胞转化为所述神经元。在这种情况中,选择GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)启动子作为起始细胞的标记启动子,选择SYN(突触蛋白)启动子作为目标细胞的标记启动子。在本发明的另一实施方案中,分别选择成纤维细胞和神经元作为起始细胞和目标细胞,将成所述纤维细胞转化为所述神经元。在这种情况中,选择Col1A2(胶原蛋白I型Alpha 2链)启动子作为起始细胞的标记启动子。
发明实施方式
在下文中,将参考实施例更详细地描述本公开。这些实施例仅用于更详细地解释本公开,并且,对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是,基于本公开主题的本公开的范围,不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1.用于体内重编程的慢病毒载体的构建
使用Viafect转染试剂(E4981,普洛麦格,美国)将VSV-G(水泡性口炎病毒的融合包膜G糖蛋白)、GAG/Pol基因和表达载体引入HEK293FT(人胚肾293FT)细胞。所述表达载体被设计为依次转录起始细胞标记启动子、SOX2(性别决定区Y-box 2)、T2A(2A肽)、Cre重组酶、目标细胞标记启动子、LoxP和eGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白),并将eGFP设计为沿逆转录方向,以便通过LoxP表达将其反转为沿转录方向。表达载体的基因结构如图1所示。
例如,在本发明的一个实施方案中,分别选择神经胶质细胞和神经元作为起始细胞和目标细胞,将所述神经胶质细胞转化为所述神经元。在这种情况中,选择GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)启动子作为起始细胞的标记启动子,选择SYN(突触蛋白)启动子作为目标细胞的标记启动子。在本发明的另一实施方案中,分别选择成纤维细胞和神经元作为起始细胞和目标细胞,将所述成纤维细胞转化为所述神经元。在这种情况下,选择Col1A2(胶原蛋白I型Alpha 2链)启动子作为起始细胞的标记启动子。
72小时后,去除培养基,用能够浓缩慢病毒载体的PEG-it病毒沉淀溶液(LV810A-1,系统生物科学(System Biosciences),美国)浓缩细胞72小时,然后重悬于EMEM(伊格尔氏最小基本培养基),从而构建一种改进的体内重编程系统(A-IVR),其是根据本公开用于直接重编程的慢病毒载体。
实施例2.从神经胶质细胞转化的神经元的产生和鉴定
将神经胶质细胞以1x105个细胞/孔的密度分配到6孔板中,并与含有10%FBS和1%青霉素-链霉素(PS)的EMEM一起培养。以成纤维细胞为起始细胞、神经元为目标细胞、按照实施例1的方法构建的慢病毒载体(A-IVR),与10μg/mL的聚凝胺转染试剂(TR-1003,默克密理博(Merck Millipore),美国)一起导入培养的细胞中。聚凝胺通过中和病毒与目标细胞膜之间的电斥力来增加病毒与目标细胞之间的结合亲和力。3天后,将培养基更换为含有10%FBS和1μg嘌呤霉素的EMEM,用嘌呤霉素筛选未导入基因的细胞1周。1周后,将培养基更换为含0.8%N2、0.4%B27和1%PS的DMEM/F12:神经元基础培养基(neurobasal)(2:1),诱导转化为神经元5周,每2天更换一次培养基。
5周后,用PBS清洗细胞3次,用4%多聚甲醛固定30分钟。接下来,将细胞用0.3%Tween20洗涤3次,然后用10%正常驴血清封闭,然后用神经胶质细胞标记(GFAP)和神经标记(Tuj1、MAP2、神经丝)免疫染色。免疫染色的具体过程以与先前文献相同的方式进行(LeeHY等人,Tissue Eng Part A.2015Jul;21(13-14):2044-52)。免疫染色的结果示于图2。
实验结果表明,当在体外使用A-IVR诱导神经胶质细胞(更具体地,星形胶质细胞)转化为神经元时,神经胶质细胞标记物蛋白GFAP的表达降低,神经标记物蛋白Tuj1、Map2和神经丝与GFP一起表达。因此,可以确认神经胶质细胞通过A-IVR转化为神经元,并且GFP也随着神经分化而表达。
实施例3.由成纤维细胞转化的神经元的产生和鉴定
将通过丝裂霉素C处理,从而抑制生长的STO饲养细胞(用作细胞生长的支架)以2.5x105个细胞/孔的密度接种到12孔板(涂有0.1%明胶)中,并用含10%FBS和1%青霉素-链霉素(PS)的DMEM培养1天。第二天,将小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)或人成纤维细胞以4x105个细胞/孔的密度接种到饲养细胞上,并与含有10%FBS和1%P/S的DMEM或IMDM培养1天。接着,将根据实施例1的方法、通过选择皮肤细胞作为起始细胞、和神经元作为目标细胞,构建的慢病毒载体(A-IVR),与10μg/mL的聚凝胺转染试剂(TR-1003,默克密理博,美国)一起导入培养的细胞中。24小时后,将培养基更换为含有1%B27、2mM L-谷氨酸、1%P/S、20ng/mlFGF、20ng/ml EGF和2μg/ml肝素的DMDM/F12,然后额外培养6至7天。之后,当形成小菌落时,使用accutase(细胞剥离液)将细胞剥离,进一步在6孔板中培养3天。将所得球体转移到涂有0.1%明胶的12孔板中并培养14天,以诱导转化为神经元。
除免疫染色中使用成纤维细胞标记物(Col1A2)和神经标记物(Tuj1)外,以与实施例2中相同的方式进行免疫染色。免疫染色的结果与所述细胞的光学显微照片示于图3和4。
实验结果表明,当在体外使用A-IVR诱导成纤维细胞转化为神经元时,成纤维细胞标记蛋白Col1A2的表达降低,并且神经标记蛋白Tuj1与GFP一起表达。无论使用小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞或人成纤维细胞作为起始细胞,上述结果都是一致的。因此,可以确认成纤维细胞通过A-IVR转化为神经元,并且GFP也随着神经分化而表达。
实施例4.A-IVR移植的脊髓损伤动物模型中神经再生效果的评价
为了构建脊髓损伤动物模型,使用重约20g的雄性C57BL/6小鼠。将每只小鼠腹腔注射氯胺酮和隆朋(Rompun)的混合物麻醉,并通过椎板切除术切开第10胸椎(T10)以暴露脊髓,然后使用自闭合钳(德国)压迫脊髓3秒以损伤脊髓。之后,缝合肌肉和皮肤。脊髓损伤动物模型构建两周后,再次打开损伤部位的皮肤和肌肉,取4μL慢病毒载体(A-IVR),通过33G汉密尔顿(Hamilton)注射器移植到受伤部位(n=10),所述A-IVR,是按实施例1的方法,选取神经胶质细胞(更具体地,星形胶质细胞)作为起始细胞、神经元作为目标细胞,构建的。对照小鼠移植EMEM而不是A-IVR(n=10)。从受伤后一周开始,每周测量后肢运动功能评分(Basso-Mouse-Scale,BMS)进行运动功能测试。BMS基于9点量表,主要由三个步骤组成。第一步,测量脚踝的运动,第二步,测量负重步态和步态的恢复,最后一步,测量步态的稳定性和尾的恢复情况。BMS的具体过程,以与先前文献相同的方式进行(Basso DM等人,JNeurotrauma.2006May;23(5):635-59)。BMS测量结果示于图5。实验结果表明,A-IVR移植小鼠的运动功能从移植A-IVR后2周起较对照组明显恢复。
脊髓损伤后8周(A-IVR移植后6周)处死小鼠,分离脊髓组织并用4%多聚甲醛固定,脱水冷冻包埋。用神经元标记物(MAP2)、活化的神经胶质细胞标记物(GFAP)、成神经细胞标记物(SOX2)、早期神经元标记物(Tuj1)、成熟神经元标记物(神经丝)对接受包埋的组织的受伤部位(胸椎10)进行免疫染色;所有有核细胞的细胞核,都用4'6'-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI,1μg/mL)(矢量公司(vector),美国加州)复染。免疫染色的具体过程与之前的文献(Lee HL等人,J Control Release.2016Mar 28;226:21-34)相同,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)观察染色结果。染色结果示于图6。实验结果证实,神经胶质细胞标记蛋白GFAP在损伤部位及其周围表达。此外,显示成神经细胞标记蛋白Sox2不与GFP一起表达,但早期神经标记蛋白Tuj1和成熟神经标记蛋白神经丝与GFP一起表达。GFAP没有共同表达。由此可见,神经胶质细胞通过A-IVR被转化(重编程)为神经元,并且在载体导入6周后,细胞通过成神经细胞分化为神经元。
从上述实施例1至4的结果可以看出,本发明的改进的体内重编程系统可以将起始细胞转化(重编程)为目标细胞,并在活细胞状态下确认这种转化。这意味着可在体内由其他细胞产生必要的细胞。
尽管已参照具体特征对本公开进行了详细描述,但对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,该描述仅是其优选实施方案,并不限制本公开的范围。因此,本公开的实质范围将由所附权利要求及其等同物来定义。
工业适用性
本公开涉及一种改进的体内重编程系统和使用该系统的细胞转化方法。本公开的重编程系统不需要细胞固定来确认细胞转化,能够在活细胞状态下进行实时监测,并且可在体外和体内使用。因此,本发明的重编程系统有望广泛应用于生物和医学领域。
Claims (26)
1.一种用于将细胞A转化为细胞B的表达载体,其特征在于,所述表达载体依次含有细胞A标记启动子、多能性维持基因蛋白、Cre重组酶、细胞B标记启动子、LoxP和编码荧光蛋白的基因。
2.如权利要求1所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述表达载体能够在活细胞状态下确认细胞A转化为细胞B。
3.如权利要求1所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述表达载体包含沿逆转录方向的编码荧光蛋白的基因。
4.如权利要求1所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述表达载体还包含氨基酸分离肽。
5.如权利要求4所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述氨基酸分离肽是选自下组的任意一种或多种:T2A、F2A、和E2A。
6.如权利要求1所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述多能性维持基因蛋白是选自下组的任意一种或多种:SOX基因家族(性别决定区基因家族)、Myc基因家族(原癌基因/基因家族)、Klf基因家族(Kruppel样因子基因家族)和一个Oct基因家族(八聚体结合转录因子基因家族)中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求1的表达载体,其特征在于,所述细胞A是基质细胞,所述细胞B是神经元。
8.如权利要求7所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述基质细胞是选自下组中的任何一种:成纤维细胞、成软骨细胞、成骨细胞、神经胶质细胞、脂肪细胞、巨噬细胞、和浆细胞。
9.如权利要求7所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述细胞A标记启动子是选自下组的启动子的任何一种:Col1A2(I型胶原α2链)、FAP(成纤维细胞活化蛋白)、FSP1(成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1)、波形蛋白、ACTA(α平滑肌肌动蛋白)、Hsp47(热休克蛋白47)、蛋白聚糖、CD44、CD45、CD73、降钙素、OSCAR(破骨细胞相关受体)、RANK(核因子κB的受体激活剂)、GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)、TREM2(在骨髓细胞上表达的触发受体2)、HexB(β-己糖胺酶β亚基)、S100(钙结合蛋白)、CD69、和Gpr34(可能的G蛋白偶联受体34)。
10.如权利要求7所述的表达载体,其特征在于,所述细胞B标记启动子是选自下组的任何一种启动子:SYN(突触蛋白)、Tuj1(神经元特异性III类β-微管蛋白)、MAP2(微管相关蛋白2)、和神经丝。
11.一种用于治疗神经损伤的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有权利要求1的表达载体作为活性成分。
12.一种慢病毒载体,其特征在于,所述慢病毒载体包含权利要求1的表达载体、VSV-G(水疱性口炎病毒的融合包膜G糖蛋白)、和GAG/Pol基因。
13.一种非人转化体,其特征在于,所述非人转化体含有权利要求1的表达载体的。
14.一种将细胞A转化为细胞B的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)产生权利要求1的表达载体;和
(b)将所述表达载体引入细胞A。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法在步骤(b)之后还包括步骤:用细胞B培养基培养所述细胞。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法在步骤(b)之后还包括步骤:确认所述细胞中的荧光表达。
17.一种活细胞成像方法,其特征在于,所述方法用于在活细胞状态下确认细胞A转化为细胞B,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)产生权利要求1的表达载体;和
(b)将所述表达载体引入细胞A。
18.根据权利要求17所述的活细胞成像方法,其特征在于,所述成像是使用荧光显微镜进行的。
19.一种生产动物模型的方法,在所述动物模型中,细胞A已转化为细胞B,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)产生权利要求1的表达载体;和
(b)将所述表达载体引入非人类受试者。
20.一种筛选用于转化为细胞B的细胞A的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)准备第一受试者和第二受试者作为非人疾病动物模型;
(b)通过选择细胞(i)作为细胞A和细胞(iii)作为细胞B,产生权利要求1的表达载体I;
(c)通过选择细胞(ii)作为细胞A和细胞(iii)作为细胞B,产生权利要求1的表达载体II;
(d)将表达载体I引入第一受试者,将表达载体II引入第二受试者;和
(e)比较所述第一受试者和所述第二受试者的疾病治疗效果,当对第一受试者的治疗效果更好时,选择细胞(i)作为转化为细胞(iii)的细胞。
21.一种用于治疗由细胞B损伤引起的疾病的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有权利要求1的表达载体作为活性成分。
22.如权利要求21所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,其中,所述细胞B是神经元,由所述细胞B损伤引起的疾病选自下组的任一种:癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Lou Gehrig病)、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑瘫、脑炎、中风、脑梗塞、脑出血、脑缺血发作、多发性硬化症、头痛、偏头痛、紧张性头痛、舞蹈症、亨廷顿病、威尔逊病、脑震荡、脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、外伤性蛛网膜下腔血肿、脊髓损伤、动静脉畸形、脑动脉瘤、脑积水、脊柱裂、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、晕厥、神经麻痹、严重虚弱、震颤、脊髓炎、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、和运动功能障碍。
23.一种通过施用权利要求1的载体作为活性成分,以预防或治疗由细胞B损伤引起的疾病的方法。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述B细胞是神经元,所述由B细胞损伤引起的疾病选自下组的任一种:癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Lou Gehrig病)、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑瘫、脑炎、中风、脑梗塞、脑出血、脑缺血发作、多发性硬化、头痛、偏头痛、紧张性头痛、舞蹈病、亨廷顿病、威尔逊病、脑震荡、脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、外伤性蛛网膜下腔血肿、脊髓损伤,动静脉畸形、脑动脉瘤、脑积水、脊柱裂、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、晕厥、神经麻痹、严重虚弱、震颤、脊髓炎、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、和运动功能障碍。
25.一种权利要求1所述的载体用于预防或治疗由B细胞损伤引起的疾病的用途。
26.如权利要求25所述的用途,其特征在于,所述B细胞为神经元,所述B细胞损伤引起的疾病为选自下组中的任一种:癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Lou Gehrig病)、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑瘫、脑炎、中风、脑梗塞、脑出血、脑缺血发作、多发性硬化、头痛、偏头痛、紧张性头痛、舞蹈病、亨廷顿病、威尔逊病、脑震荡、脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿、外伤性蛛网膜下腔血肿、脊髓损伤,动静脉畸形、脑动脉瘤、脑积水、脊柱裂、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、晕厥、神经麻痹、严重虚弱、震颤、脊髓炎、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、和运动功能障碍。
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