CN114774005A - 一种渐变色胶片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种渐变色胶片及其制备方法和应用。一种渐变色胶片,包括以下组分:PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料色粉、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、分散剂、偶联剂。本发明的渐变灰色PVB胶片,颜色均匀无色差;胶片的耐光性、耐候性好,100小时的耐辐照测试无明显变色现象;外观缺陷少,点状缺陷(黑点、黄点、色点、不溶物)直径大于0.3mm的每30延米不超过3个,可广泛用于汽车上,具有显著的经济和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)材料技术领域,特别涉及一种渐变色胶片及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
现常规配置汽车的前挡与车顶天窗为分开的两部分,由汽车A柱顺延至车顶,前挡为一块可见光透过率大于70%的夹层玻璃,车顶的滑动窗一般为一块黑色的钢化玻璃,两块玻璃的衔接处靠汽车钣金部位支撑。
传统汽车玻璃前挡和天窗设计分为两部分,主机厂安装时需要进行两道作业,天窗总成与汽车前挡玻璃一般涉及到两家供应商,需要在主机厂的装配线上分别进行专项的布局设计,同时需要配置更多的操作人员负责线上的安装、设备维护、物流运输、供应商管理等。
因设计因素,活动的天窗玻璃尺寸不能过大,在天窗和前挡玻璃之间的钣金占据了较大的空间,对于汽车的安全性能来说,上层的钣金安全性能不大,前挡风玻璃中间有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)粘结层,外力撞击时,框架的安全系统没有前挡玻璃系统高。考虑到外观问题,前挡、钣金与天窗一般为三种颜色,天窗在汽车的最上方,不利于汽车的审美展示。天窗在提供驾驶员上部可视空间的时候,还存在漏雨以及驾驶员操作失误,露天停车未关闭的现象,可能会对汽车造成不可挽回的损失。
因此,针对上述技术问题,提出了使用一种渐变色PVB胶片,渐变色PVB胶片由透明部分和灰色部分两部分组成,其中灰色渐变色部分具有低透光率,满足较高的遮阳要求;相关技术中,低透光率的PVB添加的颜料用量较高,颜料难以分散均匀,容易形成外观缺陷,因此无法制备出高质量的渐变色PVB胶片。
发明内容
为了克服现有PVB胶片配方无法满足渐变色PVB胶片生产的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种渐变色胶片;本发明的目的之二在于提供这种渐变色胶片的制备方法;本发明的目的之三在于提供这种渐变色胶片的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案是:
本发明第一方面提供了一种渐变色胶片,包括以下组分:PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料色粉、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、分散剂、偶联剂。
对于渐变色PVB胶片来说,颜料在PVB胶片中的分散是至关重要的因素,低透光率的PVB中添加的颜料用量较高,一旦颜料没有在PVB体系中分散均匀,挤出过程中容易形成外观缺陷,所以解决颜料在PVB体系的分散问题,才能做出高质量的渐变灰色PVB胶片;本发明采用单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯(又称单蓖麻油酸甘油酯、甘油单蓖麻油酸酯)这一特殊的液体分散材料,提高了颜料在PVB体系的分散均匀性。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片,包括以下质量份的组分:PVB树脂100-140份、增塑剂30-40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2-8份、颜料色粉0.15-0.4份、抗氧剂0.02-0.05份、紫外线吸收剂0.01-0.05份、分散剂0.005-0.02份、偶联剂0.0005-0.002份。
进一步优选的,这种渐变色胶片,包括以下质量份的组分:
PVB树脂110-130份、增塑剂32-38份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2-8份、颜料色粉0.15-0.4份、抗氧剂0.02-0.05份、紫外线吸收剂0.01-0.04份、分散剂0.005-0.015份、偶联剂0.0005-0.0015份。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片,增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯、三甘醇二正庚酸酯、四甘醇二异辛酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、己二酸二己酯、双季戊四醇酯中的至少一种。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片,抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的混合物;进一步优选的,这种PVB胶片的抗氧剂中,受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的质量比为1:(0.5-2);再进一步优选的,受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的质量比为1:(0.8-1);主抗氧剂(受阻酚类抗氧剂)和辅助抗氧剂(亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂)具有很好的协同效应,可以有效地防止PVB在挤出过程中的热降解,给PVB胶片额外的长效保护。
进一步优选的,这种渐变色胶片,受阻酚类抗氧剂为BHT、1076、1010、245抗氧剂中的至少一种;再进一步优选的,受阻酚类抗氧剂为BHT、1010抗氧剂中的至少一种;更进一步优选的,受阻酚类抗氧剂为1010抗氧剂。
进一步优选的,这种渐变色胶片,亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂为168、ODPP(二苯基异辛基亚磷酸酯)、618、TPP抗氧剂中的至少一种;再进一步优选的,亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂为168、TPP中的至少一种;更进一步优选的,亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂为168抗氧剂。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片,紫外线吸收剂为苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂;进一步优选的,紫外线吸收剂为UV-P、UV-326、UV-327、UV-328、UV-360中的至少一种;在本发明的一些优选实施例,紫外线吸收剂为UV-326。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片,分散剂为聚磷酸类、聚硅酸类、聚羧酸类、聚酯和聚醚型超分散剂中的一种;进一步优选的,分散剂为聚醚型超分散剂,如市售的超分散剂6300、超分散剂598。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂;进一步优选的,硅烷偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷(A-187)、β-(3,4,环氧环已基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷(A-186)中的至少一种。
本发明第二方面提供了上述渐变色胶片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)部分增塑剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、偶联剂混合,加热,溶解,得到增塑剂混合溶液;
2)单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、剩余增塑剂、颜料色粉、分散剂混合,球磨,过滤,得到色浆;
3)将部分PVB树脂和步骤2)的色浆混合,使用第一挤出机挤出;将剩余PVB树脂和步骤1)的增塑剂混合溶液混合,使用第二挤出机挤出;将第一挤出机与第二挤出机出料经过分配器制备得到渐变色胶片。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤1)中,增塑剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂混合后加热搅拌至完全溶解后,加入偶联剂,继续搅拌5-15min,得到增塑剂混合溶液。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤2)中,剩余增塑剂与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的质量比为(0.2-9):1;进一步优选的,步骤2)中,剩余增塑剂与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的质量比为(0.25-4):1;再进一步优选的,步骤2)中,剩余增塑剂与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的质量比为(0.4-2.5):1;更进一步优选的,步骤2)中,剩余增塑剂与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的质量比为(0.5-2):1;在本发明的一些优选实施例中,剩余增塑剂与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的质量比为4:6。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤2)中,球磨的转速为6000-9000rpm;进一步优选的,步骤2)中,球磨的转速为7000-8500rpm;再进一步优选的,步骤2)中,球磨的转速为7500-8500rpm。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤2)中,球磨的时间为20-40min;进一步优选的,步骤2)中,球磨的时间为25-35min。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤2)中,过滤的目数为200-500目;进一步优选的,步骤2)中,过滤的目数为300-500目;再进一步优选的,步骤2)中,过滤的目数为350-450目;在本发明的一些优选实施例中,过滤的目数为400目。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤2)中,色浆在20℃-60℃下搅拌备用;进一步优选的,步骤2)中,色浆在40℃-60℃下搅拌备用;再进一步优选的,步骤2)中,色浆在45℃-55℃下搅拌备用;在本发明的一些优选实施例中,色浆在50℃下搅拌备用。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤3)中,第一挤出机和第二挤出机采用双螺杆挤出机;进一步优选的,双螺杆挤出机的转速为80-120rpm。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤3)中,第一挤出机和第二挤出机的加工温度为160℃-200℃。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片的制备方法,步骤3)中,分配器采用开口0.7-0.8mm的模具。
本发明第三方面提供了上述渐变色胶片在夹层玻璃中的应用。
优选的,这种渐变色胶片在夹层玻璃中的应用,夹层玻璃为汽车前挡与天窗一体化玻璃;渐变色PVB胶片合成的夹层玻璃前挡与天窗一体化,视觉上营造出了天窗超大面积的视觉冲击感,制造出较强的车内通透感。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的渐变灰色PVB胶片,颜色均匀无色差;胶片的耐光性、耐候性好,100小时的耐辐照测试无明显变色现象;外观缺陷少,点状缺陷(黑点、黄点、色点、不溶物)直径大于0.3mm的每30延米不超过3个,可广泛用于汽车上,具有显著的经济和社会效益。
本发明的制备方法以单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯和增塑剂混合液作为着色剂的介质,通过球磨剪切分散和过滤,使色浆中的颜料聚集物充分分散在增塑剂中,然后在一定温度下恒温搅拌防止颜料颗粒聚集结团,避免挤出胶片出现色点等缺陷。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的渐变色胶片的实物图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的内容作进一步详细的说明。实施例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明,均可从常规商业途径得到,或者可以通过现有技术方法得到。除非特别说明,试验或测试方法均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
本实施例的渐变色胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下:
(1)制备增塑剂溶液:每100kg增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯与65g紫外线吸收剂UV-326,60g抗氧剂1010,60g抗氧剂168混合,加热温度到70℃左右搅拌至溶解完全,溶解完后加入3g的硅烷偶联剂继续搅拌10min后待用。
(2)色浆的制备方法:取6kg的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯与4kg的三甘醇二异辛酸酯跟250g颜料色粉,10g分散剂置于高速搅拌分散机中,以8000转高速搅拌球磨30分钟,然后将研磨的色浆用400目滤网过滤,然后在50℃下搅拌备用。
(3)挤出胶片:将30kg的PVB树酯粉和10kg配制好的色浆在小挤出机混合挤出,大挤出机为PVB树脂粉90kg和30kg的增塑剂溶液混合挤出,加工温度设定在160℃至200℃之间,在双螺杆转速100rpm的条件下熔融塑化,通过分配器,形成厚度均匀的PVB胶片,经冷却定型,卷取为成品。
本实施例制得的渐变色胶片如附图1所示,渐变灰色胶片具有超大彩色宽度、舒适的过渡效果,深色区良好的低透光率,满足新型汽车设计的遮阳要求及建筑商业或办公隔断用的阳光遮蔽和私密性要求。
实施例2
本实施例的渐变色胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下:
(1)制备增塑剂溶液:每100kg增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯与65g紫外线吸收剂UV-326,60g抗氧剂1010,60g抗氧剂168混合,加热温度到70℃左右搅拌至溶解完全,溶解完后加入3g的硅烷偶联剂继续搅拌10min后待用。
(2)色浆的制备方法:取9kg的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯与1kg的三甘醇二异辛酸酯跟250g颜料色粉,10g分散剂置于高速搅拌分散机中,以8000转高速搅拌球磨30分钟,然后将研磨的色浆用400目滤网过滤,然后在50℃下搅拌备用。
(3)挤出胶片:将30kg的PVB树酯粉和10kg配制好的色浆在小挤出机混合挤出,大挤出机为PVB树脂粉90kg和30kg的增塑剂溶液混合挤出,加工温度设定在160℃至200℃之间,在双螺杆转速100rpm的条件下熔融塑化,通过分配器,形成厚度均匀的PVB胶片,经冷却定型,卷取为成品。
实施例3
本实施例的渐变色胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下:
(1)制备增塑剂溶液:每100kg增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯与65g紫外线吸收剂UV-326,60g抗氧剂1010,60g抗氧剂168混合,加热温度到70℃左右搅拌至溶解完全,溶解完后加入3g的硅烷偶联剂继续搅拌10min后待用。
(2)色浆的制备方法:取1kg的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯与9kg的三甘醇二异辛酸酯跟250g颜料色粉,10g分散剂置于高速搅拌分散机中,以8000转高速搅拌球磨30分钟,然后将研磨的色浆用400目滤网过滤,然后在50℃下搅拌备用。
(3)挤出胶片:将30kg的PVB树酯粉和10kg配制好的色浆在小挤出机混合挤出,大挤出机为PVB树脂粉90kg和30kg的增塑剂溶液混合挤出,加工温度设定在160℃至200℃之间,在双螺杆转速100rpm的条件下熔融塑化,通过分配器,形成厚度均匀的PVB胶片,经冷却定型,卷取为成品。
实施例4
本实施例的渐变色胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下:
(1)制备增塑剂溶液:每100kg增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯与65g紫外线吸收剂UV-326,60g抗氧剂1010,60g抗氧剂168混合,加热温度到70℃左右搅拌至溶解完全,溶解完后加入3g的硅烷偶联剂继续搅拌10min后待用。
(2)色浆的制备方法:取6kg的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯与4kg的三甘醇二异辛酸酯跟250g颜料色粉,10g分散剂置于高速搅拌分散机中,以8000转高速搅拌球磨30分钟,然后将研磨的色浆不经过滤取出,在50℃下搅拌备用。
(3)挤出胶片:将30kg的PVB树酯粉和10kg配制好的色浆在小挤出机混合挤出,大挤出机为PVB树脂粉90kg和30kg的增塑剂溶液混合挤出,加工温度设定在160℃至200℃之间,在双螺杆转速100rpm的条件下熔融塑化,通过分配器,形成厚度均匀的PVB胶片,经冷却定型,卷取为成品。
实施例5
本实施例的渐变色胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下:
(1)制备增塑剂溶液:每100kg增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯与65g紫外线吸收剂UV-326,60g抗氧剂1010,60g抗氧剂168混合,加热温度到70℃左右搅拌至溶解完全,溶解完后加入3g的硅烷偶联剂继续搅拌10min后待用。
(2)色浆的制备方法:取6kg的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯与4kg的三甘醇二异辛酸酯跟250g颜料色粉,10g分散剂置于高速搅拌分散机中,以8000转高速搅拌球磨30分钟,然后将研磨的色浆用400目滤网过滤,然后在20℃下搅拌备用。
(3)挤出胶片:将30kg的PVB树酯粉和10kg配制好的色浆在小挤出机混合挤出,大挤出机为PVB树脂粉90kg和30kg的增塑剂溶液混合挤出,加工温度设定在160℃至200℃之间,在双螺杆转速100rpm的条件下熔融塑化,通过分配器,形成厚度均匀的PVB胶片,经冷却定型,卷取为成品。
实施例6
本实施例的渐变色胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下:
(1)制备增塑剂溶液:每100kg增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯与65g紫外线吸收剂UV-326,60g抗氧剂1010,60g抗氧剂168混合,加热温度到70℃左右搅拌至溶解完全,溶解完后加入3g的硅烷偶联剂继续搅拌10min后待用。
(2)色浆的制备方法:取10kg的三甘醇二异辛酸酯跟250g颜料色粉,10g分散剂置于高速搅拌分散机中,以8000转高速搅拌球磨30分钟,然后将研磨的色浆用400目滤网过滤,然后在50℃下搅拌备用。
(3)挤出胶片:将30kg的PVB树酯粉和10kg配制好的色浆在小挤出机混合挤出,大挤出机为PVB树脂粉90kg和30kg的增塑剂溶液混合挤出,加工温度设定在160℃至200℃之间,在双螺杆转速100rpm的条件下熔融塑化,通过分配器,形成厚度均匀的PVB胶片,经冷却定型,卷取为成品。
对上述实验例进行性能测试:
(1)PVB外观测试
目测法,在120w LED灯光照射的条件下,检测人员距试样500mm进行检验,观察胶片是否有外观缺陷,统计缺点数量。
(2)色浆粒径测试
取配制好的色浆,使用刮板细度计测量色浆中颜料的粒径。
(3)抗穿透测试
装置和器具:CJ6型落球冲击机;钢球,质量为2260g±20g,直径约为82mm。
试样:试样边长为300mm的正方形平型试验片。试样应保存在规定的温度(20±5℃)下至少4h,然后立即进行实验。将试样夹紧在试样支架上,以确保在实验过程中,试样沿着试样支架内周边上任一点的移动距离不超过2mm。试样的冲击面与钢球入射方向应垂直,允许偏差在3°以内。冲击点应位于试样中心25mm范围内。
(4)夹层玻璃的耐辐照试验
装置:耐辐照试验机;透射比测定仪。
辐照光源:无臭氧石英管式水银蒸汽弧光灯。灯壳的轴应是垂直的。灯的标称尺寸是长360mm,直径9.5mm,电弧长300mm±14mm,工作功率750w±50w。
试样固定和旋转装置:以1-5r/min的速度绕着设置在轴心的辐照源旋转,以保证均匀辐照。
试样:尺寸,76mm×300mm夹层玻璃,数量为三块。
首先测定三块76×300mm试验片的可见光透射比,保护每块试样的一部分,使其免于辐照,然后置试样于离灯轴230mm处的装置上,并使其长度方向上与灯轴平行。在整个试验中保持试样温度45±5℃。辐照时间为100h。辐照后再测定每块试样辐照区的透射比。
比较同一材料辐照前后试样的透射比,其变化用百分数表示;变色评定:置试样于白色背景上,比较辐照区与遮挡区的差别。
表1性能检测结果
从上表实施例1-3的检测结果中可以看出,色浆中添加一定比例的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯相比三甘醇二异辛酸酯可以有效降低PVB胶片中缺陷的个数;但从实施例2可以看出单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的添加量也不宜过高,过高会导致胶片的抗穿透性能降低;通过实施例1和实施例4的性能检测结果可以看出,过滤色浆可在一定程度上降低PVB胶片中缺点数;通过实施例1和实施例5的性能检测结果可以看出,50℃保温搅拌也可在一定程度上降低PVB胶片中缺点数。本发明实施例制备的渐变色胶片耐光性、耐候性好,100小时的耐辐照测试无变色。
以上实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种渐变色胶片,其特征在于,包括以下组分:PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料色粉、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、分散剂、偶联剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的渐变色胶片,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的组分:
PVB树脂100-140份、增塑剂30-40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2-8份、颜料色粉0.15-0.4份、抗氧剂0.02-0.05份、紫外线吸收剂0.01-0.05份、分散剂0.005-0.02份、偶联剂0.0005-0.002份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的渐变色胶片,其特征在于,所述的增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯、三甘醇二正庚酸酯、四甘醇二异辛酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、己二酸二己酯、双季戊四醇酯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的渐变色胶片,其特征在于,所述的抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的混合物。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的渐变色胶片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)部分增塑剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、偶联剂混合,加热,溶解,得到增塑剂混合溶液;
2)单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、剩余增塑剂、颜料色粉、分散剂混合,球磨,过滤,得到色浆;
3)将部分PVB树脂和步骤2)所述的色浆混合,使用第一挤出机挤出;将剩余PVB树脂和步骤1)所述的增塑剂混合溶液混合,使用第二挤出机挤出;将第一挤出机与第二挤出机出料经过分配器制备得到所述的渐变色胶片。
6.根据权利要求5所述的渐变色胶片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述的剩余增塑剂与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯的质量比为(0.2-9):1。
7.根据权利要求5所述的渐变色胶片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述的过滤的目数为200-500目。
8.根据权利要求5所述的渐变色胶片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述的色浆在20℃-60℃下搅拌备用。
9.权利要求1-4任一项所述的渐变色胶片在夹层玻璃中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的渐变色胶片在夹层玻璃中的应用,其特征在于,所述的夹层玻璃为汽车前挡与天窗一体化玻璃。
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