CN117382266A - 一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带pvb胶片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带pvb胶片及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117382266A CN117382266A CN202311185037.1A CN202311185037A CN117382266A CN 117382266 A CN117382266 A CN 117382266A CN 202311185037 A CN202311185037 A CN 202311185037A CN 117382266 A CN117382266 A CN 117382266A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antioxidant
- pvb
- laminated glass
- parts
- plasticizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- RZXLPPRPEOUENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorfenson Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RZXLPPRPEOUENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- HDIFHQMREAYYJW-FMIVXFBMSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (e)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO HDIFHQMREAYYJW-FMIVXFBMSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MUGSTXRSLGJVOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(6-methylheptanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 6-methylheptanoate Chemical compound C(CCCCC(C)C)(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(CCCCC(C)C)=O MUGSTXRSLGJVOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;1-bromo-3-methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RPGCQRYGRLCEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(6-methylheptanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 6-methylheptanoate Chemical compound C(CCCCC(C)C)(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(CCCCC(C)C)=O RPGCQRYGRLCEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229940124543 ultraviolet light absorber Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Irganox 1098 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NCCCCCCNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 meanwhile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M ricinoleate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940066675 ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10678—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising UV absorbers or stabilizers, e.g. antioxidants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/1088—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by superposing a plurality of layered products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用，涉及PVB胶片技术领域。本发明的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片包括以下组分：PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、分散剂、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯和粘结力调节剂。本发明制备的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，具有外观良好、无色点、无气泡、颜色均匀性高、增塑剂析出量低、隔音性能高的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及PVB胶片技术领域，尤其是涉及一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
PVB夹层玻璃具有很高的强度和韧性，抗碰撞能力强，安全可靠，透明度高。一旦破碎，内、外两层玻璃的碎片仍能粘结在PVB胶片上，不会对人体造成伤害。PVB胶片本身也具有较大的韧性，能吸收部分撞击能量，起到一定的缓冲作用，其承受高速冲击的强度要高于钢化玻璃。
PVB夹层玻璃由于具有较高的安全性能，在建筑和汽车领域得到了广泛的应用。随着人们对环境舒适度的提高，现在很多汽车挡风玻璃都会在玻璃的上方增加一条约20cm的滤光带。因为一般汽车挡风玻璃与水平线约成45度角，会有太阳光照射进来，影响司机视线，而这个滤光带就起到了遮挡阳光和防眩晕的作用。
中国专利申请CN116285181A公开了一种隔音PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用，包括：第一PVB树脂层，包括以下质量份的组分：PVB树脂100份、增塑剂33-47份、抗氧化剂0.2-1份、紫外线吸收剂0.1-1.2份、粘结力调节剂0.05-1份；TPU树脂层，设置在第一PVB树脂层表面，包括以下质量份的组分：TPU树脂8-24份、抗氧化剂0.01-0.2份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.15份；第二PVB树脂层，设置在TPU树脂层表面，第二PVB树脂层的组分与第一PVB树脂层的组分相同。该发明的隔音PVB胶片的中间层使用TPU材料，不用在中间层添加增塑剂，可以防止PVB胶片增塑剂渗出，还可以抑制夹层玻璃中气泡的产生，且厚度均匀光学性能好。
中国专利申请CN202210341592.8公开了一种渐变色胶片，包括以下组分：PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料色粉、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、分散剂、偶联剂。该发明的渐变灰色PVB胶片，颜色均匀无色差；胶片的耐光性、耐候性好，100小时的耐辐照测试无明显变色现象；外观缺陷少，点状缺陷(黑点、黄点、色点、不溶物)直径大于0.3mm的每30延米不超过3个，可广泛用于汽车上。
随着对环境的保护以及能源日益紧张和噪音污染的问题，人们越来越追捧多功能的PVB胶片。目前夹层玻璃用隔音PVB胶片均是采用多层复合结构，其中中间隔音层采用改性PVB树脂，通过调整PVB树脂中羟基、缩醛基和乙酰基的比例，来增加增塑剂与PVB树脂的相容性，进而通过提高增塑剂的比例，来提高PVB膜片的隔音性能。以此方法虽然可以提高夹层玻璃的隔音性能，但是增大增塑剂的含量，可能会导致膜片增塑剂渗出；夹层玻璃合片后产生气泡；隔音层增塑剂含量过高也容易造成挤出时中间层熔体的流动性过大，使中间层厚度不均匀导致局部光学不均匀，从而导致夹层玻璃有明显的光畸变。
有鉴于此，为了满足现有PVB胶片既要拥有更高的隔音性能又能增加彩带遮阳防眩晕性能的需求，本发明提出了一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用，隔音彩带PVB胶片由透明部分和彩色(蓝色、灰色、绿色)部分两部分组成，其中彩色部分宽度约20cm，能满足一般的遮阳防眩晕的要求，隔音性能的彩带PVB胶片更具市场竞争力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用，厚度均匀、光学性能好、彩带外观均匀无色点，同时显著提高了夹层玻璃隔音性能。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明技术方案如下：
一方面，本发明提供一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，包括以下组分：PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、分散剂、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)、烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯和粘结力调节剂。
优选地，所述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，按照重量份包括以下组分：PVB树脂100-300份、增塑剂30-40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯1-5份、颜料0.15-1份、抗氧剂0.002-0.01份、紫外线吸收剂0.01-0.05份、光稳定剂0.01-0.05份、分散剂0.005-0.05份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体3-15份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.01-5份、磷酸三丁酯0.01-1份和粘结力调节剂0.05-0.15份。
进一步优选地，所述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，按照重量份包括以下组分：PVB树脂200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂0.02份、光稳定剂0.02份、分散剂0.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
优选地，所述增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯、三甘醇二正庚酸酯、四甘醇二异辛酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、己二酸二己酯中的至少一种，进一步优选为三甘醇二异辛酸脂。
优选地，所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1098、抗氧剂ODPP、抗氧剂168、亚磷酸双酚A脂、抗氧剂TPP、抗氧剂DSTOP。进一步优选为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的混合物；更进一步优选地，抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的质量比为2-5:0.5-1:1.5-3；最优选地，抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的质量比为3:1:2。
优选地，所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-P、UV-326、UV-327、UV-328中的至少一种；进一步优选地，紫外线吸收剂为UV-P。
优选地，所述光稳定剂为光稳定剂744、光稳定剂LA-68、光稳定剂LA-62中的至少一种，进一步优选为光稳定剂744。
优选地，所述分散剂为聚酯型分散剂、聚醚型超分散剂中的至少一种；进一步优选的，所述分散剂为聚醚型分散剂；更进一步优选地，所述分散剂为聚醚活性胺分散剂D156。
优选地，所述粘结力调节剂为硅油，乙酸钾、水的混合物，进一步优选地，所述硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比为0.1:0.1-1:15-30，进一步优选为0.1:0.5:20。
再一方面，本发明提供上述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将增塑剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂混合，加热搅拌溶解，得到增塑剂混合液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得增塑剂混合液与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料、分散剂混合，研磨，过滤，得到色浆；
(3)将TPU颗粒、烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂混合均匀，得TPU混合物；
(4)将步骤(1)所得增塑剂混合液、PVB树脂、粘结力调节剂混合，通过第一挤出机挤出，得表层1物料；
将步骤(2)所得色浆与PVB树脂混合，通过第二挤出机挤出，得表层2物料；
将步骤(3)所得TPU混合物通过第三挤出机挤出，得中间层物料；
(5)将步骤(4)所得表层1物料、表层2物料、中间层物料充分塑化，通过模头成型得上述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片。
优选地，步骤(1)中，所述加热的温度为50-80℃，进一步优选为75℃。
优选地，步骤(2)中，所述研磨的条件为：1500-2000r/min高速研磨0.5-2h。
优选地，步骤(4)中，所述第一到第三挤出机的温度为160℃-165℃。
所述第一挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；所述第二挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；所述第三挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa。
优选地，步骤(5)中，所述塑化通过以下步骤实现：通过排气式双螺杆挤出机塑化，塑化温度为180℃。
优选地，步骤(1)中抗氧剂和步骤(3)中抗氧剂质量比为1-2:1-2，进一步优选为1:1；
优选地，步骤(1)中抗氧剂和步骤(3)中抗氧剂质量比为5-20:1，进一步优选为10:1；
优选地，步骤(2)中增塑剂混合液和步骤(4)中增塑剂混合液质量比为1-5:1，进一步优选为2:1；
优选地，步骤(4)中表层1物料中PVB树脂和表层2物料中PVB树脂的质量比为1-2:1-2，进一步优选为1:1。
最后，本发明提供上述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片在夹层玻璃中的应用。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明制备的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，具有外观良好、无色点、无气泡、颜色均匀性高、增塑剂析出量低、隔音性能高的效果。
(2)中间层使用TPU材料，可以不用在中间层添加增塑剂，同时加入烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯，并控制配比，可以在降低增塑剂析出的同时显著提高中间层的隔音性能，使产品更符合需求。
(3)抗氧剂选择抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的组合，相对于单种抗氧剂的添加，可以提高PVB胶片的光稳定性，同时提高挤出时的热稳定性。
(4)粘结力调节剂选择硅油、乙酸钾、水的混合物，通过硅油和金属盐的共同作用，改善物料分布，提高增塑剂混合液和PVB树脂的相容性，促进抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂的协同作用，进一步提高PVB胶片的耐候性、稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明PVB胶片的结构示意图。
图2为隔音检测室结构示意图。
图3为敲击试验操作示意图。
具体实施方式
以下非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面的理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。下述内容仅仅是对本发明要求保护的范围的示例性说明，本领域技术人员可以根据所公开的内容对本发明作出多种改变和修饰，而其也应当属于本发明要求保护的范围之中。
下面以具体实施例的方式对本发明作进一步的说明。本发明实施例中所使用的各种化学试剂如无特殊说明均通过常规商业途径获得。若无特殊说明，下文中所述含量均为质量含量。若无特殊说明，理解为在室温下进行。
实施例1
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例2
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯1份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.008份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.01份、光稳定剂744 0.01份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.013份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体3份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.01份、磷酸三丁酯0.01份和粘结力调节剂0.04份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例3
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯3份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.024份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.03份、光稳定剂744 0.03份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.039份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体9份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.3份、磷酸三丁酯0.75份和粘结力调节剂0.12份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例4
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例5
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为己二酸二己酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例6
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、水的质量比0.1:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例7
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比1:1:15的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
对比例1
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
对比例2
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P 0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D1560.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.05份、磷酸三丁酯5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
对比例3
PVB树脂(KBPVB树脂粉，生产厂家：忠信(清远)光伏材料科技有限公司)200份、增塑剂40份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂UV-P0.02份、光稳定剂744 0.02份、聚醚活性胺分散剂D156 0.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
其中，增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP按照质量比为3:1:2的混合物；粘结力调节剂为硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比0.1:0.5:20的混合物；颜料为颜料蓝、碳黑、颜料黄按照1:1:1研磨的混合物。
实施例1-7、对比例1-3均按照以下步骤制备：
(1)将配方量的增塑剂、1/2配方量的抗氧剂、1/2配方量的紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂混合，加热温度到70℃搅拌至溶解完全后，得到增塑剂混合液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得1/2的增塑剂混合液与配方量的单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料、分散剂混合，1600r/min高速球磨1h，过滤，得到色浆；
(3)将TPU颗粒、烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯、1/2配方量的抗氧剂、1/2配方量的紫外线吸收剂混合均匀，得TPU混合物；
(4)将步骤(1)所剩余1/2的增塑剂混合液、100份PVB树脂、粘结力调节剂混合，通过第一挤出机挤出，得表层1物料；所述第一挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.06MPa；改为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa
将步骤(2)所得色浆与100份PVB树脂混合，通过第二挤出机挤出，得表层2物料；所述第二挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；
将步骤(3)所得TPU混合物通过第三挤出机挤出，得中间层物料；所述第三挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；
所述第一到第三挤出机的温度为165℃；
(5)将步骤(4)所得表层1物料、表层2物料、中间层物料通过排气式双螺杆挤出机充分塑化，塑化温度为180℃，通过模头成型得上述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片。
其中，步骤(1)中抗氧剂和步骤(3)中抗氧剂质量比为1:1；
步骤(2)中增塑剂混合液和步骤(4)中增塑剂混合液质量比为1:1；
步骤(4)中表层1物料中PVB树脂和表层2物料中PVB树脂的质量比为1:1。
对比例4
(1)将增塑剂40份、0.008份抗氧剂、0.01份紫外线吸收剂、0.02份光稳定剂混合，加热温度到70℃搅拌至溶解完全后，得到增塑剂混合液；
(2)将1/2步骤(1)所得增塑剂混合液与2份单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、0.5份颜料、0.026份分散剂混合，1600r/min高速球磨1h，过滤，得到色浆；
(3)将6份改良的高熔指的胶片树脂、0.008份抗氧剂、0.01份紫外线吸收剂混合均匀，得中间隔音层混合物；
(4)将剩余1/2步骤(1)所得增塑剂混合液、100份PVB树脂、0.08份粘结力调节剂混合，通过第一挤出机挤出，得表层1物料；所述第一挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；
将步骤(2)所得色浆与100份PVB树脂混合，通过第二挤出机挤出，得表层2物料；所述第二挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；
将步骤(3)所得中间层混合物与增塑剂混合通过第三挤出机挤出，得中间层物料；所述第三挤出机的挤出条件为真空排气口表压为-0.02MPa～-0.1MPa；
所述第一到第三挤出机的温度为165℃；
(5)将步骤(4)所得表层1物料、表层2物料、中间层物料充分塑化，通过特定的分配器流延在模头成型得上述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片。
结果检测：
1、光畸变
根据GB/T 5137.2-2020 7光畸变试验对实验例PVB胶片合成的夹层玻璃进行光畸变评价。
2、增塑剂析出
将实验例PVB胶片样品依次摆放在装有硫酸的干燥器中，放置5天后，取出依次称其质量m1。再将干燥后(称后)的样品，依次摆在装有水的干燥器中,放置7天，用滤纸将样品表面的水分吸干，再放入硫酸干燥器中干燥5天后，取出依次称其质量为m2。增塑剂析出量＝(m1-m2)/m1×100％，取四个样的增塑剂析出量平均值为检验结果。
3、烘烤试验
评价安全玻璃经受一定时间的高温作业后，是否会出现气泡。将实验例PVB胶片三块样品经过高压釜合成300mm×300mm的夹层玻璃。三块玻璃试样常温放置7天后，垂直放置于82℃的恒温鼓风干燥箱温度中2h，然后将试样取出冷却至室温，观察试样边部是否有气泡。将恒温鼓风干燥箱温度设置为93℃，待温度稳定后将试样垂直放置于箱内的铁框架上保持2h，然后将试样取出冷却至室温，观察试样边部是否有气泡。将恒温鼓风干燥箱温度设置为104℃，待温度稳定后将试样垂直放置于箱内的铁框架上保持2h，然后将试样取出冷却至室温，观察试样边部是否有气泡。
4、PVB色带外观测试
1、目测法，在120W LED灯光照射的条件下，检测人员距试样500mm进行检验，观察胶片色带是否有外观缺陷，统计缺点数量。
5、耐老化试验
评价所得PVB胶片合成安全玻璃经受一定时间的紫外线辐射后，外观质量以及力学性能是否出现变化。
装置：耐辐照试验机、电子万能试验机
辐照光源：无臭氧石英管式水银蒸汽弧光灯。灯壳的轴应是垂直的。灯的标称尺寸是长360mm，直径9.5mm，电弧长300mm±14mm，工作功率750w±50w。
三块76×300mm试验片置试样于离灯轴230mm处的装置上，并使其长度方向上与灯轴平行，以1-5r/min的速度绕着设置在轴心的辐照源旋转，以保证均匀辐照。在整个试验中保持试样温度45±5℃。辐照时间为10天。辐照后置试样于白色背景上再观察试样外观是否出现变化。使用电子万能试验机检测试样耐老化后拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率。
6、隔声量测试
1、试验装置：声级计、功率放大器、扬声器、传声器
2、试验方法：取1000*1000mm的PVB胶片，经过高压釜合成PVB夹层玻璃。过釜后将夹层玻璃放置于隔音实验室的声源室与接收室中间的墙面，使用水泥将四边密封安装。待水泥硬化后可进行检测，隔音检测室如图2所示。
实验前应打开空调调节温度在(20±3)℃之间，湿度在35％-85％之间，至少48小时。
将功率放大器、扬声器、传声器按图2连接、放置，声级计分别与功率放大器、传声器连接并连接电脑。
7、敲击试验
1、试验装置：安全手套、护目镜、防护耳塞、防护袖套小型1.5磅铁锤、敲击盒、流动性试验压机、低温冷柜
2、试验方法：去300*300mm的PVB胶片，经过高压釜合成PVB夹层玻璃，然后在切割成150mm×300mm，共2小片。将样品放入－20℃±2℃低温冷柜中(2小时)。在敲击盒内进行，试样与铁板成5°角，置于铁板上，用小型锤子从试样底部开始有规则地敲击，逐渐向上直至10～15cm处(如图3)。观察PVB胶片露出面积，定出敲击级别。敲击级别判断标准如下：
实施例1-3检测结果如下：
结果表明实施例1为最佳实施配比，实施例3中功能成分增加，影响胶片中的光学性能，实施例2中功能成分减少，隔音量低、耐老化性能差，彩带外观有少量色点，烘烤过程中有气泡产生。
实施例4-7检测结果如下：
结果表明当抗氧剂为单一抗氧剂时候，抗氧化性能没有复合型抗氧剂效果好，单一性能耐老化性能变色严重，增塑剂换成另外一种对PVB使用的己二酸二己酯效果没有三甘醇二异辛酸酯好，己二酸二己酯生产的膜片耐老化试验外观有轻微变化，并且拉伸强度和断裂伸长率低；粘结剂不加乙酸钾，安全玻璃敲击等级过高不符合汽车前档风玻璃要求，粘结剂乙酸钾比例过大，安全玻璃敲击等级过低，不符合汽车前档风玻璃要求。
对比例1-4检测结果如下：
结果表明，添加烷基苯醚磺酸钠和磷酸三丁酯显著降低了增塑剂析出量。同时，不加单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯颜料研磨时分散不均匀，容易团聚产生色点，不添加TPU颗粒时，对比例4制备的隔音彩带PVB胶片增塑剂析出大，烘烤试验边部产生气泡，耐老化试验外观有轻微变化。抗氧剂选择抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的组合，相对于单种抗氧剂的添加，可以提高PVB胶片的光稳定性以及耐老化性能。粘结力调节剂选择硅油、乙酸钾、水的混合物，通过硅油和金属盐的共同作用，改善物料分布，提高增塑剂混合液和PVB树脂的相容性，进一步提高了PVB胶片的光稳定性和耐老化性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，包括以下组分：PVB树脂、增塑剂、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、分散剂、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯和粘结力调节剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，按照重量份包括以下组分：PVB树脂100-300份、增塑剂30-40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯1-5份、颜料0.15-1份、抗氧剂0.002-0.01份、紫外线吸收剂0.01-0.05份、光稳定剂0.01-0.05份、分散剂0.005-0.05份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体3-15份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.01-5份、磷酸三丁酯0.01-1份和粘结力调节剂0.05-0.15份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，按照重量份包括以下组分：PVB树脂200份、增塑剂40份、单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯2份、颜料0.5份、抗氧剂0.016份、紫外线吸收剂0.02份、光稳定剂0.02份、分散剂0.026份、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体6份、烷基苯醚磺酸钠0.2份、磷酸三丁酯0.5份和粘结力调节剂0.08份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为三甘醇二异辛酸酯、三甘醇二正庚酸酯、四甘醇二异辛酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、己二酸二己酯中的至少一种，
所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-P、UV-326、UV-327、UV-328中的至少一种；
所述光稳定剂为光稳定剂744、光稳定剂LA-68、光稳定剂LA-62中的至少一种；
所述分散剂为聚酯型分散剂、聚醚型超分散剂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂TPP和抗氧剂DSTOP的质量比为2-5:0.5-1:1.5-3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述粘结力调节剂为硅油，乙酸钾、水的混合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述硅油、乙酸钾、水的质量比为0.1:0.1-1:15-30。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将增塑剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂混合，加热搅拌溶解，得到增塑剂混合液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得增塑剂混合液与单蓖麻醇酸甘油酯、颜料、分散剂混合，研磨，过滤，得到色浆；
(3)将TPU颗粒、烷基苯醚磺酸钠、磷酸三丁酯、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂混合均匀，得TPU混合物；
(4)将步骤(1)所得增塑剂混合液、PVB树脂、粘结力调节剂混合，通过第一挤出机挤出，得表层1物料；
将步骤(2)所得色浆与PVB树脂混合，通过第二挤出机挤出，得表层2物料；
将步骤(3)所得TPU混合物通过第三挤出机挤出，得中间层物料；
(5)将步骤(4)所得表层1物料、表层2物料、中间层物料充分塑化，通过模头成型得上述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片，
优选地，步骤(1)中抗氧剂和步骤(3)中抗氧剂质量比为1-2:1-2；步骤(1)中抗氧剂和步骤(3)中抗氧剂质量比为5-20:1；步骤(2)中增塑剂混合液和步骤(4)中增塑剂混合液质量比为1-5:1；步骤(4)中表层1物料中PVB树脂和表层2物料中PVB树脂的质量比为1-2:1-2。
10.权利要求1-8任一项所述夹层玻璃用隔音彩带PVB胶片在夹层玻璃中的应用。
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