CN1147624A - 传热管 - Google Patents

传热管 Download PDF

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CN1147624A
CN1147624A CN95118179A CN95118179A CN1147624A CN 1147624 A CN1147624 A CN 1147624A CN 95118179 A CN95118179 A CN 95118179A CN 95118179 A CN95118179 A CN 95118179A CN 1147624 A CN1147624 A CN 1147624A
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pipe
fin
fin convolution
tube
convolution
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CN1090751C (zh
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尼尔坎斯S·古普苇
刘新
史帝文J·斯潘塞
罗伯特H·L·张
丹尼尔·加夫尼
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Carrier Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/182Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing especially adapted for evaporator or condenser surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/422Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28F17/005Means for draining condensates from heat exchangers, e.g. from evaporators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种用在一管壳式空调系统冷凝器中的传热管,其中流过位于管子外部的热交换器的流体通过将热量传递给一流过各管子的冷却流体而冷凝。管子至少有一个绕其外表面螺旋延伸的卷旋翅片。一种凹槽花纹围绕管子圆周每隔一定间距以一斜角延伸过卷旋翅片。在每对相邻凹槽间有一尖端。卷旋翅片、凹槽和尖端是通过在一心轴和一成翅盘组之间,然后在心轴和一凹槽轮之间,滚轧管壁而形成在管上。在制造管子过程中由于管子和凹槽轮的旋转和推进的相互作用,尖端顶端轴线的倾斜角β相对于凹槽角倾斜。尖端的最大宽度(Wt)大于卷旋邻近部分的宽度(Wr)。

Description

传热管
本发明总的涉及一种用于管壳式热交换器的传热管。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种在空调系统的冷凝器中使用的管子。
管壳式热交换器具有许多容纳在一壳体内的管子。通常,这些管子设置得可以提供多个平行流动的通路以使两种流体中的一种流体流过,热交换或热传递就在这两种流体之间进行。所述多个管子浸设在流过热交换器壳体的第二流体中。通过管壁将热量从一流体传递到另一流体。在典型的应用中,即在空调系统冷凝器中、一通常是水的冷却流体流过冷凝器的各个管子。致冷剂则流过冷凝器壳体,致冷剂以气体进入以液体排出。各根管子的热传递能力在很大程度上决定了这种热交换器的总体热传递性能。
有一些为人们所熟知的改善传热管热传递效率的方法。其中之一是增加管子的传热面积。在冷凝应用中,通过将与流体接触的管子表面面积最大化而提高热传递性能。
在为增加热交换管的热传递面积而使用的最普遍的方法中,一种方法是在管子的外表面上设置翅片。各翅片可以单独地制造然后连接于管子外表面或者通过某种加工方法直接在管子的外表面上形成翅片。
除了增加热传递面积之外,带翅片的管子还呈现出比具有光滑外表面的管子更佳的冷凝热交换性能。这里因为,冷凝用致冷剂在光滑管子的外表面上形成一液体致冷剂的连续膜。这连续膜的存在降低了穿过管壁的传热率。膜的厚度越大,阻碍热传递的热阻就越大。由于面张力,翅片上的膜厚通常低于管子表面的主要部分,因此降低了翅片的热传递阻力。
但是,对简单地用翅片增强性能的管子来说,还有可能在热交换管的冷凝热传递性能上作进一步的改进。这种管子揭示在于1993年4月20日授权于张先生等人的美国专利5,203,404中(′404管子),该专利的受让人与本发明的受让人相同。
本发明是提供一种具有一个或多个设在其外表面上的卷旋翅片的传热管。多个凹槽围绕管子周缘每隔一定间距以一斜角延伸过卷旋翅片。
与一传统型翅片管子相比,本发明翅片上的凹槽进一步增加了管子的外表面面积。而且,凹槽间的带翅片的表面的构造促进了致冷剂从翅片中排出。在大多数应用中,在管壳式空调冷凝器中的各个管子是水平或近似水平设置的。采用这些水平设置的管子,带凹槽的卷旋翅片促进了冷凝致冷剂从翅片排入管子表面上部分上的翅片间的凹槽,并也促进了经冷凝的致冷剂排离管子表面的较下部分上的管子。
与已有技术中的参数相同的管子例如′404管子相比,本发明的管子上的卷旋翅片内的凹槽密度相对较高。因此外表面面积更大。而且,每卷旋转数上增加的凹槽数使凹槽间的翅片表面比已有技术中的管子例如′404管子更尖或更锐利,因此本发明的构造进一步促进了经冷凝的致冷剂从管子的排出。
通过将一辅助凹槽盘加设于一种成翅机的刀具组上,带槽翅片管的制造就能简便和经济地完成。这种成翅机通过在一内心轴和外成翅盘间滚轧管壁而在管子外表面上形成翅片。
所附的各附图构成本说明书的一部分,在各附图中,凡相同的标号均表示相同的构件。
图1是本发明的管子的示意图。
图2是示出本发明的管子是如何制造的视图。
图3是本发明的管子的部分外表面的平面视图。
图4是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的一部分的平面视图。
图5是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的一般截面剖视图。
图5A、5B、5C和5D是分别沿图4中线5A-5A、5B-5B、5C-5C、5D-5D截取的、本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的截面剖视图。
图1是传热管10的示意图。传热管10包括管壁11、管内表面12和管外表面13。从管壁11的外表面延伸出来的是外翅片22。包含翅片高度在内,管子10具有外径D0
本发明的管子可以通过滚轧加工而较方便地制造。图2示出了这种加工方法。在图2中,成翅机60运转在管子10上,管子是由一种可锻的金属例如铜制成,以在管子上加工出内肋和外翅。成翅机60具有一个或多个刀轴61,每一刀轴含有刀具组62,由一些成翅盘63和凹槽轮66组成。在管子10内延伸的是心轴轴65,一心轴64与其相连。
当管子10旋转时管壁11压制在心轴65和成翅盘63之间。在压力下,金属流入成翅盘之间的凹槽内从而在管子的外表面上形成一脊或翅片。当管子旋转时,管子10在心轴64和刀具组62(图2中从左至右)向前推进从而在管子上形成一些螺旋卷旋翅片,其数目随刀具组62上的成翅盘63的盘数和成翅机60上使用的刀具轴61的数目而变。在同一次操作中在刀具组62在管子10上形成翅片后,凹槽轮66将斜槽压在翅片的金属上。
心轴可以如图2所示的方式形成,即它将将某种式样的花纹压入从其上经过的管子管壁的内表面。一种典型的花纹是一个或多个螺旋卷旋肋条。这种花纹能提高在流体流过管子和管壁之间的热传递效率。
图3以平面视图示出了管子外表面的一部分。从管子10的外表面13延伸的是一些卷旋翅片20。每隔一段距离倾斜地延伸穿过每一卷旋翅片的是凹槽30的花纹。在一给定的卷旋翅片中每一对相邻凹槽之间是一具有一末端23的翅片尖端22。相邻卷旋翅片之间的翅片节距或间距为Pf
图4是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的一部分的平面图。凹槽底座31与管子纵轴AT间的倾斜夹角是角α。翅片末端23与管子纵轴AT间的倾斜夹角是β。在管子的制造过程中(参看图2),由于旋转地推进的管子10和凹槽轮66之间的相互作用,尖端22的轴线从凹槽轮轮齿和卷旋翅片之间的角度起稍稍偏斜从而使末端轴线角β相对于角α倾斜,即β≠α。
图5是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的伪截面剖视图。我们使用术语“伪”是由于从卷旋翅片的任一部分截取的截面不大可能完全如图5所示的截面。但是该图有助于说明管子的众多特征。卷旋翅片20自管壁11向外延伸。卷旋翅片20具有邻近部分21和尖端22。在示出的伪截面中延伸穿过翅片的是一具有凹槽底座32的凹槽。卷旋翅片20的总体高度是Hf。邻近部分21的宽度是Wr并且尖端22的宽度的最大尺寸是Wt。尖端22的外末端是末端23。进入卷旋翅片的凹槽的距离或凹槽深度是Dn。在制造加工过程中凹槽轮66(图2)不是将凹槽从卷旋翅片上切割下而是将凹槽压入卷旋翅片。来自卷旋翅片的凹槽部分的多余材料移至相邻凹槽间的区域内并从卷旋翅片的侧边向外移以及朝着卷旋翅片侧边上的管壁11移动。因此,Wt明显大于Wr
图5A、5B、5C和5D是分别沿图4中线5A-5A、5B-5B、5C-5C和5D-5D截取的卷旋翅片20的截面剖视图。这些视图与图5的伪视图相比更准确地示出了在各点处的带槽卷旋翅片20的结构。结合图5如以上所述的带槽卷旋翅片的特征同样适用于图5A、5B、5C和5D的说明。
我们对一根据本发明制得的样管进行了测试,该管具有一为1.9厘米(3/4英寸)的公称外直径(D0),0.65毫米(0.0257英寸)的翅片高度,每厘米管长具有22个卷旋翅片的翅片密度(每英寸56个卷旋翅片),每圆周卷旋翅片有122个凹槽,凹槽的轴线与管子纵轴(AT)的倾斜夹角为45度以及0.20毫米(0.008英寸)的槽深。该被测试的样管具有三个卷旋翅片。或者,用技术行话来说具有三个“翘曲”,测试数据表明,该样管的从致冷剂到管壁的热传递是具有一光滑外表面的传统型管子的20倍。
从测试数据而得的推论显示了本发明的管子的卷旋外表面结构适用于具有从12.5毫米(1/2英寸)至25毫米(1英寸)的公称外直径的管子,其中:
a)每厘米管长有13至28个卷旋翅片(每英寸有33至70个卷旋翅片),即,翅片节距为0.036至0.84毫米(0.014至0.033英寸),或者
0.36毫米≤Pf≤0.84毫米(0.014英寸≤Pf≤0.033英寸),
b)翅片高度与管子外径之比在0.02和0.04之间,或者
0.02≤Hf/D0≤0.055;
c)卷旋翅片上凹槽的密度为每厘米有17至32个凹槽(每英寸42至81个凹槽);
d)凹槽轴线和管子纵轴之间的夹角在40至70度之间,或者
40°≤α≤70°
e)凹槽节距为翅片高度的0.2至0.8倍,或者
0.2≤Dn/Hf≤0.8
卷旋翅片或“翘曲翘片”的最佳数目更多地取决于制造的简易性而不是数目对热交换性能的作用大小。
翘曲数的增加增加了能设在管子表面上的卷旋翅片的分布率但也增加了成翅工具上的应力。

Claims (3)

1.一种改进的传热管(10),其特征在于:
至少一个外卷旋翅片围绕所述管子螺旋形设置;
多个凹槽(30)围绕所述管子每隔一定距离径向地延伸入所述卷旋翅片;每一所述凹槽具有一与所述管子的纵轴(AT)成一倾斜角(α)的底座轴线;
所述多个凹槽将所述卷旋翅片分成一邻近部分(21)和一具有一单尖端(23)的尖端部分(22),所述尖端部分处在一对相邻的所述凹槽之间并具有一大于所述邻近部分的最大宽度(Wr)的最大宽度(Wt),并具有一与所述凹槽底座轴线呈一夹角(β)的末端轴线。
2.如权利要求1所述的传热管,其特征在于:
每厘米管子上有13至28个卷旋翅片(每英寸33至70个卷旋翅片);
所述卷旋翅片的高度(Hf)与所述管子的外径(D0)之比(Hf/D0)在0.02和0.05之间;
所述卷旋翅片上的所述凹槽密度为每厘米有17至32个凹槽(每英寸42至81个凹槽);
所述凹槽底座轴线与所述管子纵轴之间的夹角在40至70度之间;
所述凹槽的深度是所述卷旋翅片高度的0.2至0.8倍。
3.一种传热管,它包括:
一具有一外表面(13)的管壁(11);
至少一个由一成翅盘(63)和一从所述管子外表面延伸的心轴(64)的相互作用形成的卷旋翅片(20);
藉一凹槽轮(66)构成的多个凹槽(30),围绕所述管子的圆周每隔一定间距径向地伸入所述卷旋翅片,并将所述卷旋翅片分成一邻近部分和一尖端部分(22),每一所述凹槽具有一与所述管子的纵轴(AT)呈一倾斜角(α)的底座轴线;
所述尖端部分具有一单个末端(23),所述末端位于一对相邻的所述凹槽之间并具有一大于所述邻近部分的最大宽度(Wr)的最大宽度(Wt),并具有一与所述凹槽底座轴线倾斜呈(β)角的末端轴线。
CN95118179A 1994-11-17 1995-11-17 传热管 Expired - Fee Related CN1090751C (zh)

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KR960018507A (ko) 1996-06-17
JP2642916B2 (ja) 1997-08-20
EP0713073B1 (en) 2002-06-05
DK0713073T3 (da) 2002-09-09
EP0713073A3 (en) 1997-12-17
EP0713073A2 (en) 1996-05-22
KR0173018B1 (ko) 1999-03-20
CA2161296C (en) 1998-06-02
BR9505200A (pt) 1997-09-16
DE69526907T2 (de) 2002-11-07
JPH08219675A (ja) 1996-08-30
DE69526907D1 (de) 2002-07-11
ES2176304T3 (es) 2002-12-01
US6167950B1 (en) 2001-01-02
CN1090751C (zh) 2002-09-11
CA2161296A1 (en) 1996-05-18

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